| Aquitania, Aquitaniae F |
Aquitania, one of the divisions of Gaul/France |
| Asia, Asiae F |
Asia; Asia Minor; the East |
| Atticus, Attica, Atticum |
Attic, Athenian; classic, elegant |
| Augustus, Augusti M |
Augustus; of all emperors |
| Aulus, Auli M |
Aulus |
| Caledonia, Caledoniae F |
Caledonia, Scotland, northern part of Britain |
| Chaos, Chai N |
Chaos, pit of Hell, underworld; formless/shapeless primordial matter |
| Claudius, Claudia, Claudium |
Claudius; Roman gens; the Lame |
| Domitius, Domitia, Domitium |
Domitius |
| Gaius, Gai M |
Gaius |
| Gnaeus, Gnaei M |
Gnaeus |
| Liburnicus, Liburnica, Liburnicum |
of/belonging to the Liburian/Illyrian/Croatian people |
| Marcus, Marci M |
Marcus |
| Nero, Neronis M |
Nero |
| Nerva, Nervae M |
Nerva |
| Oceanus, Oceani M |
Ocean |
| Phoebe, Phoebes F |
Diana; moon goddess |
| Poenus, Poena, Poenum |
Carthaginian, Punic; of/associated w/Carthage; Phoenician; scarlet, bright red |
| Rutilius, Rutilia, Rutilium |
Rutilius |
| Tiberius, Tiberi M |
Tiberius; abb. Ti./Tib. |
| Titan, Titanos/is M |
Titan |
| Trajanus, Trajani M |
Trajan |
| abnueo, abnuere, -, - |
refuse, decline; deny; refuse by a sign, shake head; reject; rule out |
| abnuo, abnuere, abnui, abnuitus |
refuse, decline; deny; refuse by a sign, shake head; reject; rule out |
| aboleo, abolere, abolevi, abolitus |
destroy, efface, obliterate; kill; banish, dispel; put end to. abolish, rescind |
| absens, (gen.), absentis |
absent, missing, away, gone; physically elsewhere, non-existent |
| abstinentia, abstinentiae F |
abstinence; fasting; moderation, self control, restraint; integrity; parsimony |
| abstraho, abstrahere, abstraxi, abstractus |
drag away from, remove forcibly, abort; carry off to execution; split |
| absumo, absumere, absumpsi, absumptus |
spend, waste, squander, use up; take up; consume; exhaust, wear out |
| abundantia, abundantiae F |
abundance, plenty; riches; fullness; overflow, excess; discharge |
| abundo, abundare, abundavi, abundatus |
abound, have in large measure; overdo, exceed; overflow; be rich/numerous |
| accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus |
take, grasp, receive, accept, undertake; admit, let in, hear, learn; obey |
| accuso, accusare, accusavi, accusatus |
accuse, blame, find fault, impugn; reprimand; charge |
| acer, acris -e, acrior -or -us, acerrimus -a -um |
sharp, bitter, pointed, piercing, shrill; sagacious, keen; severe, vigorous |
| acerbus, acerba -um, acerbior -or -us, acerbissimus -a -um |
harsh, strident, bitter, sour; unripe, green, unfinished; grievous; gloomy |
| acriter, acrius, acerrime |
sharply, vigilantly, fiercely; severely, steadfastly; keenly, accurately |
| adclivis, adclivis, adclive |
rising, sloping upward |
| adcurro, adcurrere, adcucurri, adcursus |
run/hasten to; come/rush up; charge, rush to attack |
| adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductus |
lead up/to/away; bring up/to; persuade, induce; lead, bring; contract, tighten |
| adeo, adire, adivi(ii), aditus |
approach; attack; visit, address; undertake; take possession |
| adfectus, adfectus M |
affection, passion, love; friendly feeling; goodwill; loved ones |
| adfirmo, adfirmare, adfirmavi, adfirmatus |
affirm/assert; confirm, ratify, restore; emphasize |
| adfluo, adfluere, adfluxi, adfluxus |
flow on/to/towards/by; glide/drift quietly; flock together, throng; abound |
| adfundo, adfundere, adfudi, adfusus |
pour on/upon/into, heap up; shed/spill; wash |
| adgnosco, adgnoscere, adgnovi, adgnitus |
recognize, realize, discern; acknowledge, claim, admit to/responsibility |
| adgredior, adgredi, adgressus sum |
approach, advance; attack, assail; undertake, seize, attempt |
| adigo, adigere, adegi, adactus |
drive in/to, force, impel; cast, hurl; consign; bind |
| adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus |
withdraw, take away, carry off; castrate; deprive, steal, seize; annul; rescue |
| adjicio, adjicere, adjeci, adjectus |
add, increase, raise; add to; suggest; hurl; throw to/at |
| adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvavi, adjuvatus |
help, aid, abet, encourage, favor; cherish, sustain; be of use, be profitable |
| adloquor, adloqui, adlocutus sum |
speak to; address, harangue, make a speech; call on; console |
| administratio, administrationis F |
administration |
| admodum |
very, exceedingly, greatly, quite; excessively; just so; certainly, completely |
| admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus |
admonish, remind, prompt; suggest, advise, raise; persuade, urge; warn, caution |
| adnoto, adnotare, adnotavi, adnotatus |
note/jot down, notice, become aware; mark, annotate; record, state; designate |
| adpello, adpellere, adpuli, adpulsus |
drive to, move up, bring along, force towards; put ashore at, land |
| adpeto, adpetere, adpetivi, adpetitus |
seek/grasp after, desire; assail; strive eagerly/long for; approach, near |
| adprobo, adprobare, adprobavi, adprobatus |
approve, commend, endorse; prove; confirm; justify; allow; make good |
| adpropinquo, adpropinquare, adpropinquavi, adpropinquatus |
approach; come near to, draw near/nigh; be close |
| adroganter, adrogentius, adrogentissime |
insolently, arrogantly, haughtily; presumptuously; in a conceited manner |
| adrogantia, adrogantiae F |
insolence, arrogance, conceit, haughtiness; presumption |
| adscisco, adsciscere, adscivi, adscitus |
adopt, assume; receive, admit, approve of, associate; take over, claim |
| adsuesco, adsuescere, adsuevi, adsuetus |
accustom, become/grow accustomed to/used to/intimate with; make familiar |
| adsumo, adsumere, adsumpsi, adsumptus |
take, adopt/raise, use; assume/receive; insert/add; usurp/claim |
| adulescentia, adulescentiae F |
youth, young manhood; characteristic of being young, youthfulness; the young |
| advenio, advenire, adveni, adventus |
come to, arrive; arrive at, reach, be brought; develop, set in, arise |
| adversus, adversa -um, adversior -or -us, adversissimus -a -um |
opposite, directly facing, ranged against; adverse, evil, hostile; unfavorable |
| aeger, aegra -um, aegrior -or -us, aegerrimus -a -um |
sick/ill, infirm; unsound, injured; painful, grievous; corrupt; sad/sorrowful |
| aegre, aegrius, aegerrime |
scarcely, with difficulty, painfully, hardly; reluctantly, uncomfortably |
| aemulatio, aemulationis F |
rivalry, ambition; unfriendly rivalry; emulation, imitation |
| aemulor, aemulari, aemulatus sum |
ape, imitate, emulate; be envious, jealous of, vie with a rival; copy |
| aeque, aequius, aequissime |
equally, justly, fairly; in same/like manner/degree, just as; likewise, also |
| aequum, aequi N |
level ground; equal footing/terms; what is right/fair/equitable, equity |
| aequus, aequa -um, aequior -or -us, aequissimus -a -um |
level, even, equal, like; just, kind, impartial, fair; patient, contented |
| aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus |
value, assess; estimate; reckon; consider, judge; esteem |
| aestuarium, aestuari(i) N |
tidal marsh/inlet/opening, marsh; estuary; air shaft, vent |
| aestuarius, aestuaria, aestuarium |
agitated |
| aestus, aestus M |
agitation, passion, seething; raging, boiling; heat/fire; sea tide/spray/swell |
| aeternus, aeterna -um, aeternior -or -us, aeternissimus -a -um |
eternal/everlasting/imperishable; perpetual, w/out start/end |
| aevum, aevi N |
time, time of life, age, old age, generation; passage/lapse of time; all time |
| ager, agri M |
field, ground; farm, land, estate, park; territory, country; terrain; soil |
| ala, alae F |
wing; upper arm/foreleg/fin; armpit; squadron, flank, army's wing |
| alacris, alacris, alacre |
eager/keen/spirited; quick/brisk; active/lively; courageous/ready; cheerful |
| alacritas, alacritatis F |
eagerness, enthusiasm, ardor, alacrity; cheerfulness, liveliness |
| alibi |
elsewhere, in another place; in other respects, otherwise; in another matter |
| alienus, aliena -um, alienior -or -us, alienissimus -a -um |
foreign; unconnected; another's; contrary; unworthy; averse, hostile; mad |
| aliqua |
somehow, in some way or another, by some means or other; to some extent |
| aliquod, undeclined |
some/several/a few people; more than one; a number |
| alo, alere, alui, altus |
feed, nourish, rear, nurse, suckle; cherish; support, maintain, develop |
| ambiguum, ambigui N |
varying/doubtful/uncertain state/condition/expression; ambiguity |
| ambitio, ambitionis F |
ambition; desire for/currying favor/popularity, flattery; vote canvassing; pomp |
| ambitiose, ambitiosius, ambitiosissime |
ingratiatingly, earnestly; ambitiously, presumptuously; ostentatiously |
| ambitiosus, ambitiosa -um, ambitiosior -or -us, ambitiosissimus -a -um |
ambitious, eager to please/for advancement/favor; showy; winding, twisting |
| amicus, amica -um, amicior -or -us, amicissimus -a -um |
friendly, dear, fond of; supporting, loyal, devoted; loving |
| amo, amare, amavi, amatus |
love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to |
| amor, amoris M |
love; affection; the beloved; Cupid; affair; sexual/illicit/homosexual passion |
| an |
can it be that |
| angustus, angusta -um, angustior -or -us, angustissimus -a -um |
narrow, steep, close, confined; scanty, poor; low, mean; narrowminded, petty |
| animal, animalis N |
animal, living thing/offspring; creature, beast, brute; insect |
| annuus, annua, annuum |
for a year, lasting/appointed for a year; paid/performed yearly, annual |
| antefero, anteferre, antetuli, antelatus |
carry before; place before/in front of; bring in advance, anticipate; prefer |
| antepono, anteponere, anteposui, antepositus |
set before, place/station before, serve; prefer, value above |
| antiquitus |
formerly, in former/ancient/olden times, from antiquity; long ago/before |
| anxius, anxia, anxium |
anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful; prepared with care; troublesome |
| aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus |
uncover, open, disclose; explain, recount; reveal; found; excavate; spread out |
| apertum, aperti N |
area free from obstacles, open/exposed space, the open; known facts |
| appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus |
call; address; dun; solicit; appeal; bring to court; accuse; name |
| aqua, aquae F |
water; sea, lake; river, stream; rain, rainfall, rainwater; spa; urine |
| arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum |
observe, witness; testify; decide, judge, sentence; believe, think, imagine |
| arceo, arcere, arcui, - |
ward/keep off/away; keep close, confine; prevent, hinder; protect; separate |
| arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus |
send for, summon, indict; fetch, import; invite; invoke; bring on oneself |
| ardor, ardoris M |
fire, flame, heat; brightness, flash, gleam or color; ardor, love, intensity |
| argentum, argenti N |
silver; money, cash; silver-plate |
| armatus, armati M |
armed man, soldier |
| artus, artus M |
arm/leg/limb, joint, part of the body; frame, body; sexual members/organs |
| artus, arta -um, artior -or -us, artissimus -a -um |
close, firm, tight; thrifty; dense, narrow; strict; scarce, critical; brief |
| arvus, arva, arvum |
arable; cultivated, plowed |
| ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus |
climb; go/climb up; mount, scale; mount up, embark; rise, ascend, move upward |
| aspectus, aspectus M |
appearance, aspect, mien; act of looking; sight, vision; glance, view; horizon |
| asperitas, asperitatis F |
roughness; severity; difficulty; harshness; shrillness, sharpness; fierceness |
| assum, adesse, affui, affuturus |
be near, be present, be in attendance, arrive, appear; aid |
| at |
but, but on the other hand; on the contrary; while, whereas; but yet; at least |
| atrox, atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um |
fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful |
| attero, atterere, attrivi, attritus |
rub, rub against; grind; chafe; wear out/down/away; diminish, impair; waste |
| attineo, attinere, attinui, attentus |
hold on/to/near/back/together/fast; restrain, keep, retain; delay |
| auctor, auctoris |
seller, vendor; originator; historian; authority; proposer, supporter; founder |
| auctoritas, auctoritatis F |
title, ownership; right to authorize/sanction, power; decree, order |
| audens, audentis (gen.), audentior -or -us, audentissimus -a -um |
daring, bold, courageous; characterized by boldness/license of expression |
| audio, audire, audivi, auditus |
hear, listen, accept, agree with; obey; harken, pay attention; be able to hear |
| aufero, auferre, apstuli, ablatus |
bear/carry/take/fetch/sweep/snatch away/off, remove, withdraw; steal, obtain |
| augesco, augescere, -, - |
grow, increase in size/amount/number; develop; prosper; rise/be swollen |
| auriga, aurigae M |
charioteer, driver; groom, ostler; helmsman; the Waggoner |
| auris, auris F |
ear; hearing; a discriminating sense of hearing,"ear"; pin on plow |
| auspicium, auspici(i) N |
divination; omen; beginning; auspices; right of doing auspices |
| avarus, avara -um, avarior -or -us, avarissimus -a -um |
avaricious, greedy; stingy, miserly, mean; covetous, hungry for |
| avello, avellere, avulsi, avulsus |
tear/pluck/wrench away/out/off; separate by force, part; take away, wrest |
| aversus, aversa -um, aversior -or -us, aversissimus -a -um |
turned/facing away, w/back turned; behind, in rear; distant; averse; hostile |
| aviditas, aviditatis F |
greed, covetousness; keen desire, lust/passion; appetite, gluttony |
| avidus, avida -um, avidior -or -us, avidissimus -a -um |
greedy, eager, ardent, desirous of; avaricious, insatiable; lustful, passionate |
| avius, avia, avium |
out of the way, unfrequented, remote; pathless, trackless, untrodden; straying |
| avos, avi M |
grandfather; forefather, ancestor |
| balineum, balinei N |
bath; bathroom, bath place/rooms; bathtub; act of bathing |
| beatus, beata -um, beatior -or -us, beatissimus -a -um |
happy, fortunate, bringing happiness; rich, wealthy, copious, sumptuous |
| bellor, bellari, - |
fight, wage war, struggle; take part in war/battle/fight |
| bene, melius, optime |
well, very, quite, rightly, agreeably, cheaply, in good style; better; best |
| biennium, bienni(i) N |
two years |
| binus, bina, binum |
two by two; 2 each; in pairs; 2 at time; on 2 occasions; double, twofold |
| blandior, blandiri, blanditus sum |
flatter, delude; fawn; coax, urge, behave/speak ingratiatingly; allure; please |
| bonum, boni N |
good, good thing, profit, advantage; goods, possessions, wealth, estate |
| bracchium, bracchi(i) N |
arm; lower arm, forearm; claw; branch, shoot; earthwork connecting forts |
| brevis, breve, brevior -or -us, brevissimus -a -um |
short, little, small, stunted; brief, concise, quick; narrow, shallow; humble |
| caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus |
chop, hew, cut out/down/to pieces; strike, smite, murder; slaughter; sodomize |
| calidus, calida -um, calidior -or -us, calidissimus -a -um |
warm, hot; fiery, lusty; eager, rash, on the spot; having a warm climate/place |
| calliditas, calliditatis F |
shrewdness, skillfulness, skill; craftiness, cunning; subtle tricks |
| campus, campi M |
plain; level field/surface; open space for battle/games; sea; scope; campus |
| cantus, cantus M |
song, chant; singing; cry; blast; poem, poetry; incantation |
| capesso, capessere, capessivi, capessitus |
grasp, take, seize eagerly; undertake, manage; pursue w/zeal; carry out orders |
| capitalis, capitale, capitalior -or -us, capitalissimus -a -um |
of/belonging to head/life; deadly, mortal; dangerous; excellent, first-rate |
| carus, cara -um, carior -or -us, carissimus -a -um |
dear, beloved; costly, precious, valued; high-priced, expensive |
| castigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatus |
chastise/chasten, punish; correct, reprimand/dress down, castigate; neutralize |
| castitas, castitatis F |
chastity, fidelity; virginity; sexual/moral/ritual purity; integrity, morality |
| castrensis, castrensis, castrense |
of/connected with camp or active military service; characteristic of soldiers |
| castus, casta -um, castior -or -us, castissimus -a -um |
pure, moral; chaste, virtuous, pious; sacred; spotless; free from/untouched by |
| caterva, catervae F |
crowd/cluster; troop, company, band of men/followers/actors; flock/herd/swarm |
| caute, cautius, cautissime |
cautiously; with security/precautions, without risk; circumspectly, carefully |
| cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus |
go/pass; withdraw/retire/leave; step aside/make way; take place of |
| celeber, celebris -e, celebrior -or -us, celeberrimus -a -um |
famous, celebrated, renowned; honored, distinguished; famed; notorious |
| certo, certare, certavi, certatus |
vie, contest, contend/struggle, dispute; fight, strive |
| cetera |
for the rest, otherwise; in other respects |
| circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus |
surround; envelop, post/put/place/build around; enclose; beset; pass around |
| circumeo, circumire, circumivi(ii), circumitus |
encircle, surround; border; skirt; circulate/wander through; go/measure round |
| circumfusus, circumfusa, circumfusum |
surrounded; draped around; distributed; extra, superfluous |
| circumspecto, circumspectare, circumspectavi, circumspectatus |
look about, search about; examine, watch, be alert |
| circumvehor, circumvehi, circumvectus sum |
make rounds of; travel/ride round/in succession/past; flow round |
| circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus |
encircle, surround; assail, beset; enclose; circumvent; defraud/trick; surpass |
| cito, citius, citissime |
quickly/fast/speedily, with speed; soon, before long; readily; easily |
| citra |
on this/near side of, short of; before; below, less than; without regard to |
| citrum, citri N |
wood of citron tree; furniture/table made of citron/citrus-wood |
| clamor, clamoris M |
shout, outcry/protest; loud shouting, applause; clamor/noise/din |
| claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus |
limp, stumble/falter/hesitate; be weak/imperfect, fall short; be lame, hobble |
| cliens, clientis |
client, dependent, vassal; client state/its citizens, allies |
| coepi, coeptus (also coepio -ere) |
begin, commence, initiate; set foot on |
| cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus |
think; consider, reflect on, ponder; imagine, picture; intend, look forward to |
| cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus |
become acquainted with/aware of; recognize; learn, find to be; inquire/examine |
| collega, collegae |
colleague; associate, fellow |
| colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus |
collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together; combine; harvest; pick up |
| collis, collis M |
hill, hillock, eminence, hill-top; mound; high ground; mountains |
| colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus |
place/put/set in order/proper position, arrange; station, post, position; apply |
| comis, come, comior -or -us, comissimus -a -um |
courteous/kind/obliging/affable/gracious; elegant, cultured, having good taste |
| comitas, comitatis F |
politeness, courtesy; kindness, generosity, friendliness; good taste, elegance |
| comitium, comiti(i) N |
place in Forum where comitia were held; comitia, assembly; elections |
| comito, comitare, comitavi, comitatus |
accompany, go along with; attend; follow; grow alongside |
| commeatus, commeatus M |
supplies/provisions; goods; voyage; passage; convoy/caravan; furlough/leave |
| commercium, commerci(i) N |
trade/traffic/commerce; commercial/sex intercourse/relations |
| commilito, commilitonis M |
fellow soldier; comrade, mate |
| commodo, commodare, commodavi, commodatus |
lend, hire; give, bestow, provide; put at disposal of, oblige; make fit, adapt |
| commune, communis N |
joint/common/public property/rights; public; public places/interests |
| comperior, comperiri, compertus sum |
learn/discover/find; verify/know for certain; find guilty |
| compleo, complere, complevi, completus |
fill; be big enough to fill; occupy space, crowd; furnish/supply/man |
| comprimo, comprimere, compressi, compressus |
press/squeeze together, fold, crush; hem/shut/keep/hold in; copulate |
| conatus, conatus M |
attempt, effort; exertion, struggle; impulse, tendency; endeavor, design |
| concedo, concedere, concessi, concessus |
relinquish/give up/concede; depart; pardon; submit, allow/grant/permit/condone |
| concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus |
stir up, disturb; discharge/hurl; flow rapidly/strong current; rush |
| concupisco, concupiscere, concupivi, concupitus |
desire eagerly/ardently; covet, long for; aim at; conceive a strong desire for |
| conecto, conectere, conexi, conexus |
join/fasten/link together, connect/associate; lead to; tie; implicate/involve |
| confero, conferre, contuli, collatus |
bring together, carry/convey; collect/gather, compare; unite, add; direct/aim |
| conflicto, conflictare, conflictavi, conflictatus |
harm, assail, harass, distress, torment, vex; bring to ruin |
| congestus, congesta, congestum |
brought together; pressed/crowded together; thick |
| conglobo, conglobare, conglobavi, conglobatus |
form/make into a ball; roll up; accumulate; crowd/press/mass together; clot |
| congredior, congrediri, congressus sum |
meet, approach, near; join in battle, come to grips; contend/engage |
| conquisitio, conquisitionis F |
levy/levying/conscription; raising/requisition; collecting/search |
| conscribo, conscribere, conscripsi, conscriptus |
enroll/enlist/raise; write on/down, commit to/cover with writing; compos |
| consector, consectari, consectatus sum |
seek, pursue, make for; research into; imitate, follow example of |
| consensus, consensus M |
agreement, consent, harmony; unanimity; conclusion, plot, conspiracy |
| consequor, consequi, consecutus sum |
follow, go/come after; attend on; pursue; catch up with, overtake; follow up |
| conservus, conservi M |
fellow-slave; companion in servitude |
| consisto, consistere, constiti, constitus |
stop/stand/halt/cease; pause, linger; stop spreading/flowing; take a position |
| constantia, constantiae F |
perseverance; harmony; steadfastness, persistence; firmness; courage; loyalty |
| consuetudo, consuetudinis F |
habit/custom/usage/way; normal/general/customary practice, tradition/convention |
| consularius, consularia, consularium |
consular, of/proper to a consul; of consular rank; proposed/governed by consul |
| consulo, consulere, consului, consultus |
ask information/advice of; consult, take counsel; deliberate/consider; advise |
| contactus, contactus M |
touch, contact; contagion, infection, pollution; association |
| contentio, contentionis F |
stretching, tension; strenuous exercise; comparison |
| contero, conterere, contrivi, contritus |
grind, crush, pound to pieces; bruise, crumble; rub/wipe away/out/off, expunge |
| contineo, continere, continui, contentus |
secure, maintain, sustain; fasten/hold in position; retain, keep safe, preserve |
| contra |
against, facing, opposite; weighed against; as against; in resistance/reply to |
| contubernium, contuberni(i) N |
companionship in a tent; band/brotherhood; shared war tent; apartment/lodging |
| contumelia, contumeliae F |
indignity, affront, abuse/insult; insulting language/behavior; rough treatment |
| convenio, convenire, conveni, conventus |
come together; agree, harmonize; be appropriate to, fit, be correctly shaped/consistent |
| conventus, conventus M |
agreement, covenant; coming together; conjunction; Roman district |
| convicium, convici(i) N |
noise, chatter/outcry/clamor/bawling; noise source; noisy importuning |
| convivium, convivi(i) N |
banquet/feast/dinner party; guests/people at party; dining-club; living togethe |
| copia, copiae F |
plenty, abundance, supply; troops, supplies; forces; resources; wealth |
| cornu, cornus N |
horn; hoof; beak/tusk/claw; bow; horn/trumpet; end, wing of army; mountain top |
| corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus |
spoil/rot; taint/contaminate; damage/ruin, undo; destroy/deface; digest; infect |
| covinnarius, covinnarii M |
soldier who fought from a war chariot |
| creber, crebra -um, crebrior -or -us, creberrimus -a -um |
thick/crowded/packed/close set; frequent/repeated, constant; numerous/abundant |
| cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus |
come forth/to be; arise/spring; be born; become visible/great; grow |
| crudus, cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um |
raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous |
| cruentus, cruenta -um, cruentior -or -us, cruentissimus -a -um |
bloody/bleeding/discharging blood; gory; blood red; polluted w/blood-guilt |
| culpa, culpae F |
fault/blame/responsibility; crime; negligence |
| cultus, cultus M |
habitation; cultivation; civilization, refinement; polish, elegance |
| cum |
when, at the time/on each occasion/in the situation that; after; since/although |
| cunctus, cuncta, cunctum |
altogether, in a body; every, all, entire; total/complete; whole of |
| cupiditas, cupiditatis F |
enthusiasm/eagerness/passion; desire; lust; greed/usury/fraud; ambitio |
| cupido, cupidinis |
desire/love/wish/longing; lust; greed, appetite; desire for gain |
| cura, curae F |
concern, worry, anxiety, trouble; attention, care, pains, zeal; cure, treatment |
| curo, curare, curavi, curatus |
arrange/see/attend to; take care of; provide for; worry/care about; heal/cure |
| currus, currus M |
chariot, light horse vehicle; triumphal chariot; triumph; wheels on plow; cart |
| damnum, damni N |
financial/property/physical loss/damage/injury; forfeiture/fine; lost possessio |
| debello, debellare, debellavi, debellatus |
fight out/to a finish; bring a battle/war to an end; vanquish, subdue |
| decem |
ten |
| decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretus |
decide/settle/determine/resolve; decree/declare/ordain; judge; vote for/contend |
| decorus, decora -um, decorior -or -us, decorissimus -a -um |
beautiful/good looking/handsome/comely; adorned; graceful/elegant |
| dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditus |
give up/in, surrender; abandon/consign/devote; yield, hand/deliver over |
| deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductus |
lead/draw//pull/bring/stretch down/away/out/off; escort; eject/evict |
| defectio, defectionis F |
desertion/revolt/defection; failure/deficiency; ellipsis; eclipse |
| defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus |
defend/guard/protect, look after; act/speak/plead/write for defense; prosecute |
| defenso, defensare, defensavi, defensatus |
defend/guard/protect against; act in defense against; ward off; avert constantl |
| defigo, defigere, defixi, defixus |
sink/bury/stick/thrust; fasten, fix, plant, embed; attach/affix |
| defungor, defungi, defunctus sum |
have done with, finish, bring/come to end, be quit/done/rid of; discharge |
| degredior, degredi, degressus sum |
march/go/come/flow down, descend; dismount; move off/depart; turn aside/deviate |
| dein |
then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/from there/then; in next position/place |
| deinde |
then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/from there/then; in next position/place |
| delego, delegare, delegavi, delegatus |
assign/appoint; delegate/entrust; consign; transfer/pass; refer/attribute |
| delenimentum, delenimenti N |
blandishment/enticement/charm; ingratiating/soothing action/quality; consolatio |
| delibero, deliberare, deliberavi, deliberatus |
weigh/consider/deliberate/consult; ponder/think over; resolve/decide o |
| delictum, delicti N |
fault/offense/misdeed/crime/transgression; sin; act short of standard; defect |
| deminuo, deminuere, deminui, deminutus |
make smaller; cut up small; lessen/diminish/reduce |
| demum |
finally, at last; at length, in the end, eventually |
| deprehendo, deprehendere, deprehendi, deprehensus |
seize/catch; catch napping/redhanded; surprise/pounce on; arrest; intercept |
| desidia, desidiae F |
idleness, slackness; inactivity; remaining in place; leisure; indolence, sloth |
| desino, desinere, desivi, desitus |
stop/end/finish, abandon/leave/break off, desist/cease; come to/at end/close |
| despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatus |
despair; have no/give up hope; give up as hopeless |
| despondeo, despondere, despondi, desponsus |
betroth, promise in marriage; pledge, promise; despair/yield/give up |
| destino, destinare, destinavi, destinatus |
fix/bind/fasten down; fix, make up mind; aim/fix on target, mark out |
| detineo, detinere, detinui, detentus |
detain, hold; hold off, keep away; hold prisoner; retain; occupy |
| deus |
god; God |
| deus, dei |
god; God; divine essence/being, supreme being; statue of god |
| diduco, diducere, diduxi, diductus |
divide, split, separate, sever; cause to come apart, break up; loosen |
| difficilis, difficile, difficilior -or -us, difficillimus -a -um |
difficult, troublesome; hard; hard to please/manage/deal with/carry out |
| dignitas, dignitatis F |
worth, excellence; fitness/suitability,; honor, esteem, standing |
| dignus, digna -um, dignior -or -us, dignissimus -a -um |
appropriate/suitable; worthy, deserving, meriting; worth |
| dilectus, dilectus M |
levy/draft/conscription; enlistment, recruiting, mustering; levy/men enrolled |
| diligens, diligentis (gen.), diligentior -or -us, diligentissimus -a -um |
careful; diligent, scrupulous; accurate; industrious; assiduous |
| dirimo, dirimere, diremi, diremptus |
pull/break/take apart; cleave; sort; break up/dissolve |
| discedo, discedere, discessi, discessus |
go/march off, depart, withdraw; scatter, dissipate; abandon; lay down |
| discerno, discernere, discrevi, discretus |
see, discern; distinguish, separate |
| disciplina, disciplinae F |
teaching, instruction, education; training; discipline; method, science, study |
| disco, discere, didici, discitus |
learn; hear, get to know, become acquainted with; acquire knowledge/skill of/in |
| discordo, discordare, discordavi, discordatus |
be at variance, quarrel; be different |
| discors, (gen.), discordis |
warring, disagreeing, inharmonious; discordant, at variance; inconsistent |
| discrimen, discriminis N |
crisis, separating line, division; distinction, difference |
| discurro, discurrere, discurri, discursus |
run off in different directions; run/dash around/about; wander; roam |
| discursus, discursus M |
running about; separate lion, dispersal |
| disicio, disicere, disjeci, disjectus |
break up; scatter; drive apart; separate into two halves, halve, divide |
| dispergo, dispergere, dispersi, dispersus |
scatter, disperse |
| dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus |
dispose, place here and there, distribute; set/lay out; administer/manage/order |
| dissensio, dissensionis F |
disagreement, quarrel; dissension, conflict |
| dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertus |
arrange, dispose, set in order; discuss; examine; explain, set out in words |
| dissimulatio, dissimulationis F |
dissimulation dissembling |
| dissociabilis, dissociabilis, dissociabile |
incompatible; discordant; separating, dividing |
| dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutus |
unloose; dissolve, destroy; melt; pay; refute; annul |
| dissonus, dissona, dissonum |
dissonant, discordant, different |
| diu, diutius, diutissime |
a long/considerable time/while; long since |
| diversus, diversa, diversum |
opposite; separate, apart; diverse, unlike, different; hostile |
| dives, divitis (gen.), divitior -or -us, divitissimus -a -um |
rich/wealthy; costly; fertile/productive; talented, well endowed |
| divido, dividere, divisi, divisus |
divide; separate, break up; share, distribute; distinguish |
| doceo, docere, docui, doctus |
teach, show, point out |
| documentum, documenti N |
lesson, instruction; warning, example; document; proof |
| domesticus, domestica, domesticum |
domestic, of the house; familiar, native; civil, private, personal |
| dominatio, dominationis F |
mastery, power; domination; domain; despotism |
| dominus, domini M |
owner, lord, master; the Lord; title for ecclesiastics/gentlemen |
| domo, domare, domui, domitus |
subdue, master, tame; conquer |
| dono, donare, donavi, donatus |
present, grant; forgive; give, bestow |
| donum, doni N |
gift, present; offering |
| duco, ducere, additional, forms |
lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong |
| ductus, ductus M |
conducting; generalship |
| dulcedo, dulcedinis F |
sweetness, agreeableness; charm |
| duo, duae, duo |
2 |
| durus, dura -um, durior -or -us, durissimus -a -um |
hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable |
| editus, edita -um, editior -or -us, editissimus -a -um |
high, elevated; rising |
| edo, edere, edi, essus |
eat/consume/devour; eat away; destroy; spend money on food |
| educo, educare, educavi, educatus |
bring up; train; educate; rear |
| efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus |
bring about; effect, execute, cause; accomplish; make, produce; prove |
| effugio, effugere, effugi, effugitus |
flee/escape; run/slip/keep away, eschew/avoid; baffle, escape notice |
| egeo, egere, egui, - |
need, lack, want; require, be without |
| egredior, egredi, egressus sum |
go/march/come out; set sail; land, disembark; surpass, go beyond |
| elegantia, elegantiae F |
elegance; niceness; taste; politeness |
| eloquentia, eloquentiae F |
eloquence |
| emineo, eminere, eminui, - |
stand out; be prominent/preeminent, excel; project |
| emo, emere, emi, emptus |
buy; gain, acquire, obtain |
| emunio, emunire, emunivi, emunitus |
fortify; make roads through |
| eo |
therefore, for that reason, consequently; by that degree; so much the more/less |
| eodem |
to the same place/purpose |
| equester, equestris M |
knight; one of equestrian order/class |
| equidem |
truly, indeed; for my part |
| erectus, erecta -um, erectior -or -us, erectissimus -a -um |
upright, erect; perpendicular; confident/bold/assured; noble; attentive/alert |
| erga |
towards, opposite |
| ergo |
therefore; well, then, now |
| erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus |
raise, erect, build; rouse, excite, stimulate |
| eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptus |
snatch away, take by force; rescue |
| erro, errare, erravi, erratus |
wander, go astray; make a mistake, err; vacillate |
| erudio, erudire, erudivi, eruditus |
educate, teach, instruct |
| eruptio, eruptionis F |
sortie, rush, sally, sudden rush of troops from a position |
| etsi |
although, though, even if; albeit; I know that but |
| evado, evadere, evasi, evasus |
evade, escape; avoid |
| excelsus, excelsa -um, excelsior -or -us, excelsissimus -a -um |
lofty/high; tall; exalted; elevated; noble; of high position/rank/reputation |
| excidium, excidi(i) N |
military destruction; ruin/demolition; subversion/overthrow |
| excio, excire, excivi, excitus |
rouse; call out send for; summon; evoke |
| excursus, excursus M |
running forth, onset, charge, excursion, sally, sudden raid |
| excusatio, excusationis F |
excuse |
| excuso, excusare, excusavi, excusatus |
excuse/justify/explain; make excuse for/plead as excuse; allege; absolve/exempt |
| excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus |
shake out or off; cast out; search, examine |
| exemplum, exempli N |
example, sample, specimen; instance; precedent, case; warning, deterrent |
| exercitatus, exercitata -um, exercitatior -or -us, exercitatissimus -a -um |
trained, practiced, skilled; disciplined; troubled |
| exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus |
drive out, expel; finish; examine, weigh |
| exiguus, exigua, exiguum |
small; meager; dreary; a little, a bit of; scanty, petty, short, poor |
| exilium, exili(i) N |
exile, banishment; place of exile/retreat; exiles, those exiled |
| eximo, eximere, exemi, exemptus |
remove/extract, take/lift out/off/away; banish, get rid of; free/save/release |
| exitiosus, exitiosa, exitiosum |
destructive, pernicious, deadly |
| expecto, expectare, expectavi, expectatus |
await, expect; anticipate; hope for |
| expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditus |
disengage, loose, set free; be expedient; procure, obtain, make ready |
| expello, expellere, expuli, expulsus |
drive out, expel, banish; disown, reject |
| experimentum, experimenti N |
trial, experiment, experience |
| expers, (gen.), expertis |
free from; without; lacking experience; immune from |
| explorator, exploratoris M |
investigator, one who searches out; scout, spy |
| exploro, explorare, exploravi, exploratus |
search out, explore; test, try out; reconnoiter, investigate |
| exprobro, exprobrare, exprobravi, exprobratus |
reproach, upbraid, reprove; bring up as reproach |
| extinguo, extinguere, extinxi, extinctus |
quench, extinguish; kill; destroy |
| extremum, extremi N |
limit, outside; end |
| extrudo, extrudere, extrusi, extrusus |
thrust out; draw out |
| extruo, extruere, extruxi, extructus |
pile up; build up, raise |
| exuo, exuere, exui, exutus |
pull off; undress, take off; strip, deprive of; lay aside, cast off |
| exurgo, exurgere, exurrexi, exurrectus |
bestir oneself/take action; swell/rise/move/extend up/out/to higher moral level |
| exuro, exurere, exussi, exustus |
burn; destroy/devastate by fire; dry up, parch; scald |
| facies, faciei F |
shape, face, look; presence, appearance; beauty; achievement |
| facile, facilius, facillime |
easily, readily, without difficulty; generally, often; willingly; heedlessly |
| facilitas, facilitatis F |
facility; readiness; good nature; levity; courteousness |
| facinus, facinoris N |
deed; crime; outrage |
| factio, factionis F |
party, faction; partisanship |
| factum, facti N |
fact, deed, act; achievement |
| falsus, falsa, falsum |
wrong, lying, fictitious, spurious, false, deceiving, feigned, deceptive |
| familia, familiae F |
household; household of slaves; family; clan; religious community |
| famulor, famulari, famulatus sum |
be a servant, attend |
| fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus |
weary, tire, fatigue; harass; importune; overcome |
| fatum, fati N |
utterance, oracle; fate, destiny; natural term of life; doom, death, calamity |
| fecundus, fecunda -um, fecundior -or -us, fecundissimus -a -um |
fertile, fruitful; productive, prolific; abundant; imaginative |
| felicitas, felicitatis F |
luck, good fortune; happiness |
| felix, felicis (gen.), felicior -or -us, felicissimus -a -um |
happy; blessed; fertile; favorable; lucky; successful, fruitful |
| feminus, femina, feminum |
female |
| ferociter, ferocius, ferocissime |
fiercely/ferociously/aggressively; arrogantly/insolently/defiantly; boldly |
| ferox, (gen.), ferocis |
wild, bold; warlike; cruel; defiant, arrogant |
| filia, filiae F |
daughter |
| firmus, firma -um, firmior -or -us, firmissimus -a -um |
firm/steady; substantial/solid/secure/safe; strong/robust/sturdy/stout/durable |
| flagro, flagrare, flagravi, flagratus |
be on fire; blaze, flame, burn; be inflamed/excited |
| fluctus, fluctus M |
wave; disorder; flood, flow, tide, billow, surge; turbulence, commotion |
| flumen, fluminis N |
river, stream; any flowing fluid; flood; onrush |
| foedus, foeda -um, foedior -or -us, foedissimus -a -um |
foul; filthy, unclean; disgusting, loathsome, ghastly, beastly; hideous, ugly |
| foedus, foederis N |
treaty, league, formal agreement, alliance; P:peace, amity |
| foris, foris F |
door, gate; a folding door; double door; entrance |
| forma, formae F |
form, figure, appearance; beauty; mold, pattern |
| formido, formidinis F |
fear/terror/alarm; religious dread/awe; thing/reason which scares, bogy/horror |
| fortitudo, fortitudinis F |
strength, courage, valor; firmness |
| fortuitus, fortuita, fortuitum |
casual, accidental, fortuitous, happening by chance |
| forum, fori N |
market; forum; court of justice |
| foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus |
keep warm; favor, cherish, maintain, foster |
| frango, frangere, fregi, fractus |
break, shatter, crush; dishearten, subdue, weaken; move, discourage |
| fremitus, fremitus M |
roar, loud noise; shouting; resounding; rushing, murmuring, humming; growl |
| frequens, frequentis (gen.), frequentior -or -us, frequentissimus -a -um |
crowded; numerous, full, frequented, populous; repeated, frequent, constant |
| frigidus, frigida -um, frigidior -or -us, frigidissimus -a -um |
cold, cool, chilly, frigid; lifeless, indifferent, dull |
| frigus, frigoris N |
cold; cold weather, winter; frost |
| frumentum, frumenti N |
grain; crops |
| frustra |
in vain; for nothing, to no purpose |
| frux, frugis F |
crops, fruits, produce, legumes; honest men |
| fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus |
flee, fly, run away; avoid, shun; go into exile |
| fumo, fumare, fumavi, - |
smoke, steam, fume, reek |
| furtum, furti N |
theft; trick, deception; stolen article |
| galba, galbae F |
small worm, ash borer/larva of ash spinner; fat paunch, big belly |
| gaudium, gaudi(i) N |
joy, delight, gladness; source/cause of joy; physical/sensual delight |
| germanus, germana, germanum |
own/full; genuine, real, actual, true |
| gero, gerere, gessi, gestus |
bear, carry, wear; carry on; manage, govern |
| gesto, gestare, gestavi, gestatus |
bear, carry; wear |
| gigno, gignere, genui, genitus |
give birth to, bring forth, bear; beget; be born |
| gnarus, gnara, gnarum |
having knowledge or experience of; known |
| graecus, graeca, graecum |
Greek |
| gratia, gratiae F |
popularity/esteem/credit; partiality/favoritism; unpopularity |
| gravis, grave, gravior -or -us, gravissimus -a -um |
heavy; painful; important; serious; pregnant; grave, oppressive, burdensome |
| gubernator, gubernatoris M |
helmsman, pilot; one who directs/controls |
| habitus, habitus M |
condition, state; garment/dress/"get-up"; expression, demeanor; character |
| haud |
not, not at all, by no means; not |
| haurio, haurire, hausi, haustus |
draw up/out; drink, swallow, drain, exhaust |
| hibernum, hiberni N |
winter camp; winter quarters |
| hinc |
from here, from this source/cause; hence, henceforth |
| hodie |
today, nowadays; at the present time |
| hodiernus, hodierna, hodiernum |
today's, of/belonging to today; present, existing now |
| homo, hominis M |
man, human being, person, fellow |
| honor, honoris M |
honor; respect/regard; mark of esteem, reward; dignity/grace; public office |
| hortor, hortari, hortatus sum |
encourage; cheer; incite; urge; exhort |
| hospes, (gen.), hospitis |
of relation between host and guest; that hosts; that guests; foreign, alien |
| hostilis, hostilis, hostile |
hostile, enemy; of/belonging to an enemy; involving/performed by an enemy |
| humanitas, humanitatis F |
human nature/character/feeling; kindness/courtesy; culture/civilization |
| humanus, humana -um, humanior -or -us, humanissimus -a -um |
human; kind; humane, civilized, refined |
| humilis, humile, humilior -or -us, humillimus -a -um |
low, lowly, small, slight, base, mean, humble, obscure, poor, insignificant |
| humus, humi F |
ground, soil, earth, land, country |
| icio, icere, ici, ictus |
hit, strike; smite, stab, sting |
| ideo |
therefore, for the reason that, for that reason |
| ignis, ignis M |
fire, brightness; passion, glow of passion |
| ignorantia, ignorantiae F |
ignorance; lack of knowledge; absence of data on which to make judgment |
| illic |
in that place, there, over there |
| imbellis, imbellis, imbelle |
unwarlike; not suited or ready for war |
| imber, imbris M |
rain, shower, storm; shower of liquid/snow/hail/missiles; water |
| immineo, imminere, -, - |
threaten, be a threat; overhang, be imminent; with DAT |
| immisceo, immiscere, immiscui, immixtus |
mix in, mingle; confuse |
| imperitus, imperita, imperitum |
unskilled, inexperienced; unfamiliar, ignorant |
| impetus, impetus M |
attack, assault, charge; attempt; impetus, vigor; violent mental urge, fury |
| impigre |
actively, energetically,smartly |
| impono, imponere, imposui, impositus |
impose, put upon; establish; inflict; assign/place in command; set |
| imputo, imputare, imputavi, imputatus |
charge, enter as debt/credit; take into account; impute, ascribe; lay to charge |
| inanis, inanis, inane |
void, empty, hollow; vain; inane, foolish |
| incautus, incauta -um, incautior -or -us, incautissimus -a -um |
incautious, off one's guard, unprotected |
| incertus, incerta, incertum |
uncertain; unsure, inconstant, variable; doubtful |
| incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus |
begin; start, undertake |
| incitamentum, incitamenti N |
incentive, stimulus |
| incola, incolae |
inhabitant; resident, dweller; resident alien; foreigner |
| incolumitas, incolumitatis F |
safety |
| inconditus, incondita, inconditum |
rough, crude; uncivilized; disordered, not disciplined |
| incorruptus, incorrupta -um, incorruptior -or -us, incorruptissimus -a -um |
intact, uncorrupted, unspoiled/untainted; genuine; pure; chaste; imperishable |
| incuria, incuriae F |
carelessness, neglect |
| incuriosus, incuriosa, incuriosum |
careless/negligent; indifferent; paying no attention, off guard, unsuspecting |
| incuso, incusare, incusavi, incusatus |
accuse, blame, criticize, condemn |
| indago, indaginis F |
ring of huntsmen/nets/troops/forts; encircling with snares; tracking down |
| inde |
thence, thenceforth; from that place/time/cause; thereupon |
| indecorus, indecora, indecorum |
unbecoming; disgraceful |
| indicium, indici(i) N |
evidence; information, proof; indication |
| indigestus, indigesta, indigestum |
disordered, confused, chaotic; jumbled |
| indomitus, indomita, indomitum |
untamed; untamable, fierce |
| indulgentia, indulgentiae F |
leniency, concession, pardon; kindness, gentleness; favor bounty; indulging |
| indulgeo, indulgere, indulsi, indultus |
indulge; be indulgent/lenient/kind; grant/bestow; gratify oneself; give in to |
| inermis, inermis, inerme |
unarmed, without weapons; defenseless; toothless, without a sting |
| iners, inertis (gen.), inertior -or -us, inertissimus -a -um |
helpless, weak, inactive, inert, sluggish, stagnant; unskillful, incompetent |
| infero, inferre, intuli, inlatus |
bring/carry in, import; advance, bring/march/step/move foward; impel, urge |
| infestus, infesta -um, infestior -or -us, infestissimus -a -um |
unsafe, dangerous; hostile; disturbed, molested, infested, unquiet |
| infirmitas, infirmitatis F |
weakness; sickness |
| infirmus, infirma -um, infirmior -or -us, infirmissimus -a -um |
fragile/frail/feeble; unwell/sick/infirm |
| infra |
below, on the under side, underneath; further along; on the south |
| inglorius, ingloria, inglorium |
obscure, undistinguished |
| ingratus, ingrata, ingratum |
unpleasant; ungrateful; thankless |
| ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum |
advance, walk; enter, step/go into; undertake, begin |
| injucundus, injucunda, injucundum |
unpleasant |
| injungo, injungere, injunxi, injunctus |
enjoin, charge, bring/impose upon; unite; join/fasten/attach |
| injuria, injuriae F |
injury; injustice, wrong, offense; insult, abuse; sexual assault |
| injurius, injuria, injurium |
unjust, harsh |
| injustus, injusta, injustum |
unjust, wrongful; severe, excessive; unsuitable |
| inlacessitus, inlacessita, inlacessitum |
unattacked, unprovoked |
| inlecebra, inlecebrae F |
allurement, attraction, charm; a decoy bird |
| inlustris, inlustre, inlustrior -or -us, inlustrissimus -a -um |
bright, shining, brilliant; clear, lucid; illustrious, distinguished, famous |
| inlustro, inlustrare, inlustravi, inlustratus |
illuminate, light up; give glory; embellish; make clear, elucidate; enlighten |
| inmensus, inmensa, inmensum |
immeasurable, immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitely great; innumerable |
| innabilis, innabilis, innabile |
that cannot be swum |
| innocens, (gen.), innocentis |
harmless, innocent; virtuous, upright |
| inopia, inopiae F |
lack, need; poverty, destitution, dearth, want, scarcity |
| inprimo, inprimere, inpressi, inpressus |
impress, imprint; press upon; stamp |
| inquisitio, inquisitionis F |
search, hunting out; inquiry, investigation; spying; collecting evidence |
| inritus, inrita, inritum |
ineffective, useless, invalid; in vain |
| inscitia, inscitiae F |
ignorance |
| insido, insidere, insedi, insessus |
sit/settle on; occupy/seize, hold; penetrate, sink in; merge into |
| instabilis, instabilis, instabile |
unsteady, shaky; unstable; inconstant |
| instinctus, instincta, instinctum |
roused, fired; infuriated |
| instrumentum, instrumenti N |
tool, tools; equipment, apparatus; instrument; means; document, deed |
| instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus |
construct, build; prepare, draw up; fit out; instruct, teach |
| insumo, insumere, insumpsi, insumptus |
spend, expend/employ, devote; consume, take in/up; assume |
| insurgo, insurgere, insurrexi, insurrectus |
rise up; rise up against |
| integritas, integritatis F |
soundness; chastity; integrity |
| intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus |
hold out; stretch, strain, exert |
| intentus, intenta -um, intentior -or -us, intentissimus -a -um |
eager/intent, closely attentive; strict; intense, strenuous; serious/earnest |
| intercido, intercidere, intercidi, - |
happen; perish; fall from memory, cease to exist |
| interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectus |
kill; destroy |
| interim |
meanwhile, in the meantime; at the same time; however, nevertheless |
| internosco, internoscere, internovi, internotus |
distinguish between; pick out |
| interpretatio, interpretationis F |
interpretation; meaning |
| interpretor, interpretari, interpretatus sum |
explain/expound; interpret/prophesy from; understand/comprehend |
| interrogo, interrogare, interrogavi, interrogatus |
ask, question, interrogate, examine; indict; go to law with, sue |
| interventus, interventus M |
intervention; occurrence of an event |
| intolerantia, intolerantiae F |
impatience; intolerance, lack of tolerance |
| intra |
within, inside; during; under |
| intrepidus, intrepida, intrepidum |
undaunted, fearless, untroubled |
| intro, intrare, intravi, intratus |
enter; go into, penetrate; reach |
| intueor, intueri, intuitus sum |
look at; consider, regard; admire; stare |
| invado, invadere, invasi, invasus |
enter, attempt; invade; take possession of; attack |
| invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus |
envy, regard with envy/ill will; be jealous of; begrudge, refuse |
| invidia, invidiae F |
hate/hatred/dislike; envy/jealousy/spite/ill will; use of words/acts to arouse |
| inviolatus, inviolata, inviolatum |
uninjured, unhurt; inviolable |
| invisus, invisa, invisum |
hated, detested; hateful, hostile |
| invitamentum, invitamenti N |
inducement |
| iracundia, iracundiae F |
irascibility, hot temper; passion; resentment; anger; wrath |
| ita |
thus, so; therefore |
| iter, itineris |
journey; road; passage, path; march |
| itero, iterare, iteravi, iteratus |
do a second time; repeat; renew, revise |
| jactatio, jactationis F |
shaking; boasting; showing off |
| jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus |
order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray |
| jubo, jubere, additional, forms |
order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray |
| judicium, judici(i) N |
trial, legal action/process; court/tribunal; courts; administration of justice |
| jungo, jungere, junxi, junctus |
join, unite; bring together, clasp; connect, yoke, harness |
| jurisdictio, jurisdictionis F |
jurisdiction, legal authority; administration of justice |
| justus, justa -um, justior -or -us, justissimus -a -um |
just, fair, equitable; right, lawful, justified; regular, proper |
| juvenilis, juvenilis, juvenile |
youthful |
| juvenis, juvenis, juvene |
youthful, young |
| juvenis, juvenis |
youth, young man/woman |
| juventa, juventae F |
youth |
| juventus, juventutis F |
youth; the age of youth, young persons; young men, knights |
| juxta |
nearly; near, close to, near by, hard by, by the side of; just as, equally |
| labor, laboris M |
labor/toil/exertion/effort/work; task/undertaking; production; childbirth |
| laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus |
work, labor; produce, take pains; be troubled/sick/oppressed, be in distress |
| lacer, lacera, lacerum |
mangled, torn, rent, mutilated; maimed, dismembered |
| lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitus |
provoke, excite, harass, challenge, harass; attack, assail |
| laetus, laeta -um, laetior -or -us, laetissimus -a -um |
happy/cheerful/joyful/glad; favorable/propitious; prosperous/successful |
| lamentum, lamenti N |
wailing, weeping, groans, laments |
| lascivia, lasciviae F |
playfulness; wantonness, lasciviousness |
| lascivio, lascivire, lascivi, lascivitus |
frisk; sport; run riot |
| latus, lateris N |
side; flank |
| latus, lata -um, latior -or -us, latissimus -a -um |
wide, broad; spacious, extensive |
| laus, laudis F |
praise, approval, merit; glory; renown |
| legatus, legati M |
envoy, ambassador, legate; commander of a legion; officer; deputy |
| lego, legare, legavi, legatus |
bequeath, will; entrust, send as an envoy, choose as a deputy |
| lente |
slowly |
| lentus, lenta -um, lentior -or -us, lentissimus -a -um |
clinging, tough; slow, sluggish, lazy, procrastinating; easy, pliant |
| liber, libera -um, liberior -or -us, liberrimus -a -um |
free; unimpeded; void of; independent, outspoken/frank; free from tribute |
| liber, liberi M |
children; child |
| liber, libri M |
book, volume; inner bark of a tree |
| liberalis, liberalis, liberale |
honorable; courteous, well bred, gentlemanly; liberal; generous |
| libido, libidinis F |
desire/longing/wish/fancy; lust, wantonness; will/pleasure; passion/lusts |
| libro, librare, libravi, libratus |
balance,swing; hurl |
| licenter |
boldly/impudently; licentiously/loosely; freely; w/out restraint; extravagantly |
| licentia, licentiae F |
freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness; outspokenness |
| liceo, licere, licui, - |
fetch |
| lingua, linguae F |
tongue; speech, language; dialect |
| litus, litoris N |
shore, seashore, coast, strand; river bank; beach, landing place |
| livens, (gen.), liventis |
bluish; lead-colored; envious |
| loco, locare, locavi, locatus |
place, put, station; arrange; contract; farm out on contract |
| locum, loci N |
seat, rank, position; soldier's post; quarters; category; book passage, topic |
| locuples, locupletis (gen.), locupletior -or -us, locupletissimus -a -um |
substantial, opulent, wealthy; rich in lands; rich, richly provided; trusty |
| longinquitas, longinquitatis F |
distance, length, duration; remoteness |
| longinquus, longinqua -um, longinquior -or -us, longinquissimus -a -um |
remote, distant, far off; lasting, of long duration |
| loquor, loqui, locutus sum |
speak, tell; talk; mention; say, utter; phrase |
| luctus, luctus M |
grief, sorrow, lamentation, mourning; cause of grief |
| ludibrium, ludibri(i) N |
mockery; laughingstock |
| ludus, ludi M |
game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school |
| lumen, luminis N |
light; lamp, torch; eye; life; day, daylight |
| lux, lucis F |
light, daylight, light of day; life; world; day |
| luxuria, luxuriae F |
luxury; extravagance; thriving condition |
| maeror, maeroris M |
grief, sorrow, sadness; mourning; lamentation |
| magistra, magistrae F |
instructress |
| magistratus, magistratus M |
magistracy, civil office; office; magistrate, functionary |
| magnificus, magnifica -um, magnificentior -or -us, magnificentissimus -a -u |
splendid/excellent/sumptuous/magnificent/stately; noble/eminent; proud/boastful |
| magus, maga, magum |
magic, magical |
| mancipium, mancipi(i) N |
possession; formal purchase; slaves |
| manipulus, manipuli M |
maniple, company of soldiers, one third of a cohort; handful, bundle |
| margarita, margaritae F |
pearl |
| margo, marginis F |
margin, edge, flange, rim, border; threshold; bank, retaining wall; gunwale |
| mater, matris F |
mother, foster mother; lady, matron; origin, source, motherland, mother city |
| matrimonium, matrimoni(i) N |
marriage; matrimony |
| memorabilis, memorabilis, memorabile |
memorable; remarkable |
| memoro, memorare, memoravi, memoratus |
remember; be mindful of; mention/recount/relate, remind/speak of |
| mensura, mensurae F |
measure; length, area, capacity |
| mereor, mereri, meritus sum |
earn; deserve/merit/have right; win/gain/incur; earn soldier/whore pay, serve |
| metuo, metuere, metui, - |
fear; be afraid; stand in fear of; be apprehensive, dread |
| meus, mea, meum |
my; mine, of me, belonging to me; my own; to me |
| militaris, militaris, militare |
military; of/used by the army/war/soldiers; martial; soldierly; warlike |
| militia, militiae F |
military service/organization; campaign; war; soldiers, army |
| ministerium, ministeri(i) N |
office, attendance, service, employment, body of helpers; occupation, work |
| ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratus |
attend, serve, furnish; supply |
| miraculus, miracula, miraculum |
freakish, deformed |
| mirus, mira, mirum |
wonderful, strange, remarkable, amazing, surprising, extraordinary |
| miser, misera -um, miserior -or -us, miserrimus -a -um |
poor, miserable, wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, distressing |
| misereor, misereri, misertus sum |
pity, feel pity; show/have mercy/compassion/pity for |
| misericors, (gen.), misericordis |
merciful, tenderhearted |
| mitesco, mitescere, -, - |
become/be/grow mild/soft/gentle/mellow/tame/civilized; soften |
| mitigo, mitigare, mitigavi, mitigatus |
soften; lighten, alleviate; soothe; civilize |
| mitis, mite, mitior -or -us, mitissimus -a -um |
mild, meek, gentle, placid, soothing; clement; ripe, sweet and juicy |
| mitto, mittere, misi, missus |
send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss; disregard |
| mobilis, mobile, mobilior -or -us, mobilissimus -a -um |
movable; mobile; quick, active; changeable, shifting; fickle, easily swayed |
| moderatus, moderata, moderatum |
controlled, restrained, moderate, temperate, sober |
| modestia, modestiae F |
restraint, temperateness; discipline; modesty |
| modo |
but, if only; but only |
| moles, molis F |
large mass; rock/boulder; heap/lump/pile, bulk; monster; mole/jetty/dam/dike |
| mollis, molle, mollior -or -us, mollissimus -a -um |
soft; flexible/supple/loose/pliant; mild/tolerable; easy; calm |
| mons, montis M |
mountain; huge rock; towering heap |
| monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus |
show; point out, reveal; advise, teach |
| monumentum, monumenti N |
reminder; memorial, monument, tomb; record, literary work, history, book |
| mora, morae F |
delay, hindrance, obstacle; pause |
| morior, mori, mortuus sum |
die, expire, pass/die/wither away/out; fail, come to an end; decay |
| mors, mortis F |
death; corpse; annihilation |
| mortalis, mortalis, mortale |
mortal, transient; human, of human origin |
| motus, motus M |
movement, motion; riot, commotion, disturbance; gesture; emotion |
| moveo, movere, movi, motus |
move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb |
| mulier, mulieris F |
woman; wife; mistress |
| multitudo, multitudinis F |
multitude, great number; crowd; rabble, mob |
| mundus, munda -um, mundior -or -us, mundissimus -a -um |
clean, cleanly, nice, neat, elegant, delicate; refined, pure |
| municipium, municipi(i) N |
municipality, town; town subject to Rome but under its own laws; free town |
| munimentum, munimenti N |
fortification, bulwark; defense, protection |
| munium, muni(i) N |
duties, functions |
| mutatio, mutationis F |
change, alteration; interchange, exchange |
| mutuus, mutua, mutuum |
borrowed, lent; mutual, in return |
| natalis, natalis M |
birthday/anniversary; date of birth/founding/manufacture/origin; birthplace |
| naturalis, naturalis, naturale |
natural, normal, typical, characteristic; innate, inherent; physical |
| navis, navis F |
ship |
| nebula, nebulae F |
mist, fog; cloud; thin film, veneer; obscurity |
| nec |
nor; and not, not, neither, not even |
| necessitas, necessitatis F |
need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond |
| nemo, neminis |
no one, nobody |
| neo, nere, nevi, netus |
spin; weave; produce by spinning |
| nequeo, nequire, nequivi(ii), nequitus |
be unable, cannot |
| nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitus |
not know; be ignorant/unfamiliar/unaware/unacquainted/unable/unwilling |
| neuter, neutra, neutrum |
neither |
| nimius, nimia, nimium |
excessive, too great |
| nitor, niti, nisus sum |
press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on; strive, labor |
| nitor, niti, nixus sum |
press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on; strive, labor |
| nobilis, nobile, nobilior -or -us, nobilissimus -a -um |
noble, well born; aristocratic; outstanding; important/prominent |
| nobilitas, nobilitatis F |
nobility/noble class; birth/descent; fame/excellence; the nobles; rank |
| nondum |
not yet |
| nosco, noscere, novi, notus |
get to know; learn, find out; become cognizant of/acquainted/familiar with |
| notitia, notitiae F |
notice; acquaintance |
| notus, nota -um, notior -or -us, notissimus -a -um |
well known, familiar, notable, famous, esteemed; notorious, of ill repute |
| nubes, nubis F |
cloud/mist/haze/dust/smoke; sky/air; billowy formation; swarm/multitude |
| numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratus |
count, add up, reckon/compute; consider; relate; number/enumerate, catalog; pay |
| numerus, numeri M |
number/sum/total/rank; numerical strength/plurality; category; tally |
| numquam |
never |
| nuper, -, nuperrime |
recently, not long ago; in recent years/our own time; latest in series |
| ob |
on account of, for the sake of, for; instead of; right before |
| obeo, obire, obivi(ii), obitus |
go to meet; attend to; fall; die |
| oblivio, oblivionis F |
oblivion; forgetfulness |
| obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum |
forget |
| obsequium, obsequi(i) N |
compliance; consideration/deference/solicitude; services |
| obses, obsidis |
hostage; pledge, security |
| obsidio, obsidionis F |
siege; blockade |
| obsto, obstare, obstiti, - |
oppose, hinder |
| obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obtentus |
get hold of; maintain; obtain; hold fast, occupy; prevail |
| obtrectatio, obtrectationis F |
disparagement; detraction; verbal attack inspired by malice or spite |
| obvenio, obvenire, obveni, obventus |
meet |
| obvius, obvia, obvium |
in the way, easy; hostile; exposed |
| occasio, occasionis F |
opportunity; chance; pretext, occasion |
| occidens, occidentis M |
west; region of the setting sun; western part of the world/its inhabitants |
| occido, occidere, occidi, occisus |
kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down; weary, be the death/ruin of |
| occido, occidere, occidi, occasus |
fall, fall down; perish, die, be slain; be ruined/done for, decline, end |
| occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursus |
run to meet; oppose, resist; come to mind, occur |
| octo, octavus -a -um, octoni -ae -a, octie(n)s |
|
| oculus, oculi M |
eye |
| odio, odire, odivi, - |
hate; dislike; be disinclined/reluctant/adverse to |
| offendo, offendere, offendi, offensus |
offend, give offense; displease/annoy/vex; trouble/upset, hurt |
| offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus |
offer; present; cause; bestow |
| officio, officere, offeci, offectus |
block the path, check, impede |
| officium, offici(i) N |
duty, obligation; kindness; service, office |
| oleo, olere, olui, - |
smell of, smell like |
| omitto, omittere, omisi, omissus |
lay aside; omit; let go; disregard |
| omne, omnis N |
all things; everything; a/the whole, entity, unit |
| opinio, opinionis F |
belief, idea, opinion; rumor |
| oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositus |
oppose; place opposite |
| opportunitas, opportunitatis F |
convenience, advantageousness; right time; opportuneness; opportunity, chance |
| opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus |
press down; suppress; overthrow; crush, overwhelm, fall upon, oppress |
| ops, opis F |
power, might; help; influence; resources/wealth |
| oratio, orationis F |
speech, oration; eloquence; prayer |
| oriens, (gen.), orientis |
rising; eastern; beginning, in its early stage |
| ostendeo, ostendere, ostendi, - |
show; reveal; make clear, point out, display, exhibit |
| ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentus |
show; reveal; make clear, point out, display, exhibit |
| ostento, ostentare, ostentavi, ostentatus |
show, display; point out, declare; disclose, hold out |
| paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum |
make a bargain or agreement; agree, enter into a marriage contract; negotiate |
| pactio, pactionis F |
bargain, agreement |
| paene |
nearly, almost; mostly |
| paeniteo, paenitere, paenitui, - |
displease; regret; repent, be sorry |
| paetus, paeta, paetum |
having cast in the eye, squinting slightly |
| palor, palari, palatus sum |
wander abroad stray; scatter; wander aimlessly |
| palus, paludis F |
swamp, marsh |
| par, paris (gen.), -, parissimus -a -um |
equal; a match for; of equal size/rank/age; fit/suitable/right/proper |
| parco, parcere, peperci, parsus |
forbear, refrain from; spare; show consideration; be economical/thrifty with |
| parens, parentis |
parent, father, mother |
| pario, parere, peperi, partus |
bear; give birth to; beget, bring forth; produce, lay; create; acquire |
| parito, paritare, paritavi, paritatus |
make ready |
| paro, parare, paravi, paratus |
prepare; furnish/supply/provide; produce; obtain/get; buy; raise; put up; plan |
| parsimonia, parsimoniae F |
frugality, thrift, parsimony, temperance |
| parvulus, parvula, parvulum |
very small, very young; unimportant; slight, petty |
| pasco, pascere, pavi, pastus |
feed, feed on; graze |
| passim |
here and there; everywhere |
| patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactus |
reveal/uncover/disclose/expose; bring to light; make known/visible; dissect |
| pateo, patere, patui, - |
stand open, be open; extend; be well known; lie open, be accessible |
| pater, patris M |
father |
| patria, patriae F |
native land; home, native city; one's country |
| patricius, patricia, patricium |
patrician, noble |
| patrius, patria, patrium |
father's, paternal; ancestral |
| paucitas, paucitatis F |
scarcity; paucity |
| pauper, pauperis (gen.), pauperior -or -us, pauperrimus -a -um |
poor/meager/unproductive; scantily endowed; cheap, of little worth; of poor man |
| pavesco, pavescere, -, - |
become alarmed |
| pavidus, pavida, pavidum |
fearful, terrified, panicstruck |
| pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatus |
sin; do wrong, commit moral offense; blunder, stumble; be wrong |
| pecus, pecudis F |
sheep; animal |
| pedes, (gen.), peditis |
on foot |
| pendeo, pendere, pependi, - |
hang, hang down; depend |
| penes |
in the power of, in the hands of; belonging to |
| penetralis, penetralis, penetrale |
inner, innermost |
| penetro, penetrare, penetravi, penetratus |
enter, penetrate |
| penso, pensare, pensavi, pensatus |
weigh; pay/punish for; counterbalance, compensate; ponder, examine |
| percurro, percurrere, percucurri, percursus |
quickly move/run/travel/hasten/pass through/over; form continuous line; stroke |
| perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus |
ruin, destroy; lose; waste |
| perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus |
carry through; bear, endure to the end, suffer; announce |
| periculosus, periculosa -um, periculosior -or -us, periculosissimus -a -um |
dangerous, hazardous, perilous; threatening |
| peritus, perita -um, peritior -or -us, peritissimus -a -um |
skilled, skillful; experienced, expert; with gen |
| persona, personae F |
mask; character; personality |
| persulto, persultare, persultavi, persultatus |
leap or skip or prance about, range, scour |
| pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventus |
come to; reach; arrive |
| petulantia, petulantiae F |
impudent or boisterous aggressiveness; wantonness, immodesty |
| philosophia, philosophiae F |
philosophy, love of wisdom |
| pietas, pietatis F |
responsibility, sense of duty; loyalty; tenderness, goodness; pity; piety |
| piget, pigere, -, pigitus est |
it disgusts, irks, pains, chagrins, afflicts, grieves |
| pignus, pignoris N |
pledge, hostage, mortgage; bet, stake; symbol; relict |
| planus, plana -um, planior -or -us, planissimus -a -um |
level, flat |
| plebs, plebis F |
common people, general citizens, commons/plebeians; lower class/ranks; mob/mass |
| plerumque |
generally, commonly; mostly, for the most part; often, frequently |
| ploratus, ploratus M |
wailing, crying |
| plus, pluris N |
more, too much, more than enough; more than; higher price/value |
| polluo, polluere, pollui, pollutus |
soil/foul/dirty/stain/pollute; infect; make impure; break |
| pontificatus, pontificatus M |
pontificate, the office of pontifex |
| pontus, ponti M |
sea |
| populor, populari, populatus sum |
ravage, devastate, lay waste; plunder; despoil, strip |
| populus, populi |
people, nation, State; public/populace/multitude/crowd; a following |
| porrectus, porrecta -um, porrectior -or -us, porrectissimus -a -um |
stretched-out; protracted; dead |
| porrigo, porrigere, porrexi, porrectus |
stretch out, extend |
| porro |
at distance, further on, far off, onward; of old, formerly, hereafter; again |
| porrum, porri N |
leek |
| porticus, porticus |
colonnade, covered walk; portico; covered gallery atop amphitheater/siege works |
| portus, portus M |
port, harbor; refuge, haven, place of refuge |
| posco, poscere, poposci, - |
ask, demand |
| post |
behind, after; subordinate to |
| postquam |
after |
| postremo |
at last, finally |
| potestas, potestatis F |
power, rule, force; strength, ability; chance, opportunity |
| potior, poti, potitus sum |
obtain, acquire; grasp; attain, reach; come by |
| potior, potior, potius |
better/preferable/superior; more useful/effective; more important |
| praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus |
present/show/put forward; offer; expose physically oneself; expose/submit/allow |
| praecedo, praecedere, praecessi, praecessus |
go before, precede; surpass, excel |
| praeceptum, praecepti N |
teaching, lesson, precept; order, command |
| praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus |
take or receive in advance; anticipate; warn; order; teach, instruct |
| praeda, praedae F |
booty, loot, spoils, plunder, prey |
| praedo, praedonis M |
robber, thief; pirate |
| praedor, praedari, praedatus sum |
acquire loot; obtain food by hunting/preying |
| praefectus, praefecti M |
commander; prefect |
| praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectus |
put in charge, place in command |
| praelego, praelegere, praelegi, praelectus |
sail along |
| praemitto, praemittere, praemisi, praemissus |
send ahead or forward |
| praepositus, praepositi M |
overseer; commander |
| praesens, (gen.), praesentis |
present; at hand; existing; prompt, in person; propitious |
| praesto, praestare, praestiti, praestitus |
excel, surpass, be outstanding/superior/best/greater/preferable; prevail |
| praesum, praeesse, praefui, praefuturus |
be in charge/control/head; take the lead; be present |
| praetempto, praetemptare, praetemptavi, praetemptatus |
pre-test, try out in advance; feel/search/grope out beforehand |
| praeter |
besides, except, contrary to; beyond, in front of, before; more than |
| praetura, praeturae F |
praetorship |
| praevehor, praevehi, praevectus sum |
travel past or along |
| precarius, precaria, precarium |
obtained by prayer; doubtful, precarious |
| pretium, preti(i) N |
price/value/worth; reward/pay; money; prayer/request |
| primo |
at first; in the first place; at the beginning |
| primus, prima, primum |
first, foremost/best, chief, principal; nearest/next |
| principatus, principatus M |
first place; rule; leadership; supremacy; chief command |
| prior, prioris M |
ancestors, forefathers, predecessors, people of an earlier time |
| priscus, prisca, priscum |
ancient, early, former |
| privatim |
in private; as a private citizen |
| procursus, procursus M |
forward movement; outbreak |
| prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus |
project, thrust forward; bring forth, produce, give birth to; create; nominate |
| proelior, proeliari, proeliatus sum |
fight |
| profecto |
surely, certainly |
| professio, professionis F |
profession |
| proficio, proficere, profeci, profectus |
make, accomplish, effect |
| proinde |
hence, so then; according to/in the same manner/degree/proportion |
| promoveo, promovere, promovi, promotus |
move forward |
| prope, propius, proxime |
near, nearly; close by; almost |
| properus, propera, properum |
quick, speedy |
| propinquus, propinqua, propinquum |
near, neighboring |
| propior, propior, propius |
nearer, closer; more recent |
| proprius, propria, proprium |
own, very own; individual; special, particular, characteristic |
| propugno, propugnare, propugnavi, propugnatus |
fight |
| propulso, propulsare, propulsavi, propulsatus |
repulse, drive back/off; ward off, repel, avert; pound, batter |
| prout |
as, just as; exactly as |
| provenio, provenire, proveni, proventus |
come forth; come into being; prosper |
| provincialis, provincialis, provinciale |
provincial |
| prudens, prudentis (gen.), prudentior -or -us, prudentissimus -a -um |
aware, skilled; sensible, prudent; farseeing; experienced |
| prudentia, prudentiae F |
discretion; good sense, wisdom; prudence; foresight |
| publice |
publicly; at public expense |
| pudeo, pudere, pudui, puditus |
be ashamed; make ashamed |
| pueritia, pueritiae F |
childhood, boyhood; callowness, childish nature; state/fact of being boy |
| pulcher, pulchra -um, pulchrior -or -us, pulcherrimus -a -um |
pretty; beautiful; handsome; noble, illustrious |
| pulchritudo, pulchritudinis F |
beauty, excellence |
| puto, putare, putavi, putatus |
think, believe, suppose, hold; reckon, estimate, value; clear up, settle |
| quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus |
search for, seek, strive for; obtain; ask, inquire, demand |
| quaestura, quaesturae F |
quaestorship; public money |
| quando |
when, at what time; at any time |
| quantulum, quantuli N |
how small/trifling an amount/matter; what a small/trifling thing/amount/matter |
| quantus, quanta, quantum |
how great; how much/many; of what size/amount/degree/number/worth/price |
| quartus, quarta, quartum |
fourth |
| quattuor |
4 |
| queo, quire, quivi(ii), quitus |
be able |
| quindecim, quindecimus -a -um, quindeci -ae -a, quindecie(n)s |
|
| quinquaginta |
50 |
| quippe |
of course; as you see; obviously; naturally; by all means |
| quisquam, cuiusquam |
any, anyone anything; any man, any person |
| quisquis |
whoever; every one who; whoever it be; everyone; each |
| quisvis, cuiusvis |
any whatever and INDEF whoever it be, whom you please; any whatever |
| quod |
because, as far as, insofar as |
| quod |
with respect to which |
| quotiens |
how often; as often as |
| rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus |
drag off; snatch; destroy; seize, carry off; pillage; hurry |
| raptor, raptoris M |
robber; plunderer |
| rebellis, rebellis, rebelle |
insurgent, rebellious |
| rebello, rebellare, rebellavi, rebellatus |
rebel, revolt |
| recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus |
recede, go back, withdraw, ebb; retreat; retire; move/keep/pass/slip away |
| recenseo, recensere, recensui, recensitus |
review/examine/survey/muster; enumerate/count, make census/roll; pass in review |
| recessus, recessus M |
retreat; recess |
| recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus |
keep back; recover; undertake; guarantee; accept, take in; take back |
| recognosco, recognoscere, recognovi, recognitus |
recognize, recollect |
| recordor, recordari, recordatus sum |
think over; call to mind, remember |
| rector, rectoris M |
guide, director, helmsman; horseman; driver; leader, ruler, governor |
| rectum, recti N |
virtue; the right |
| recupero, recuperare, recuperavi, recuperatus |
regain, restore, restore to health; refresh, recuperate |
| recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus |
reject, refuse, refuse to; object; decline |
| redeo, redire, redivi(ii), reditus |
return, go back, give back; fall back on, revert to; respond, pay back |
| redigo, redigere, redegi, redactus |
drive back; reduce; render |
| redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptus |
buy back, recover, replace by purchase; buy up; make good, fulfill |
| refero, referre, rettuli, relatus |
bring/carry back/again/home; move/draw/force back, withdraw; go back, return |
| regius, regia, regium |
royal, of a king, regal |
| rego, regere, rexi, rectus |
rule, guide; manage, direct |
| relego, relegare, relegavi, relegatus |
banish, remove; relegate |
| relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus |
leave behind, abandon; be left, remain; bequeath |
| reliquus, reliqua, reliquum |
rest of/remaining/available/left; surviving; future/further; yet to be/owed |
| remedium, remedi(i) N |
remedy, cure; medicine |
| remigo, remigare, remigavi, remigatus |
row, use oars |
| remissio, remissionis F |
sending back/away, returning, releasing; abating; forgiveness; remiss |
| removeo, removere, removi, remotus |
move back; put away; withdraw; remove |
| reor, reri, ratus sum |
think, regard; deem; suppose, believe, reckon |
| reparo, reparare, reparavi, reparatus |
prepare again; renew, revive |
| reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatus |
reserve; spare; hold on to |
| resisto, resistere, restiti, - |
pause; continue; resist, oppose; reply; withstand, stand; make a stand |
| respecto, respectare, respectavi, respectatus |
keep on looking round or back; await; have regard for |
| restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutus |
restore; revive; bring back; make good |
| retineo, retinere, retinui, retentus |
hold back, restrain; uphold; delay; hold fast; retain,preserve |
| reveho, revehere, revexi, revectus |
carry/bring back; ride/sail back |
| revertor, reverti, reversus sum |
turn back, go back, return; recur |
| revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatus |
call back, recall; revive; regain |
| ripa, ripae F |
bank |
| romanus, romani M |
Roman; the Romans |
| ruber, rubra, rubrum |
red, ruddy, painted red |
| rudimentum, rudimenti N |
first lesson; early training |
| rumor, rumoris M |
hearsay, rumor, gossip; reputation; shouting |
| rusticus, rustica, rusticum |
country, rural; plain, homely, rustic |
| sacerdotium, sacerdoti(i) N |
priesthood; benefice/living |
| sacrilegium, sacrilegi(i) N |
sacrilege; robbery of sacred property |
| saeculum, saeculi N |
age; generation, people born at a time; breed, race; present time/age; century |
| saevitia, saevitiae F |
rage, fierceness, ferocity; cruelty, barbarity, violence |
| saevus, saeva -um, saevior -or -us, saevissimus -a -um |
savage; fierce/ferocious; violent/wild/raging; cruel, harsh, severe; vehement |
| salio, salire, salui, saltus |
leap, jump; move suddenly/spasmodically, twitch |
| saluber, salubris -e, salubrior -or -us, saluberrimus -a -um |
healthy, salubrious; salutary, beneficial; in good condition; wholesome |
| salvia, salviae F |
sage |
| sane |
reasonably, sensibly; certainly, truly; however; yes, of course |
| sapiens, sapientis (gen.), sapientior -or -us, sapientissimus -a -um |
rational; sane, of sound mind; wise, judicious, understanding; discreet |
| satietas, satietatis F |
satiety; the state of being sated |
| satio, satiare, satiavi, satiatus |
satisfy, sate; nourish |
| saxum, saxi N |
stone |
| scapula, scapulae F |
shoulder-blades; shoulder, back; wings |
| scaurus, scaura, scaurum |
with swollen ankles |
| scrutor, scrutari, scrutatus sum |
search/probe/examine carefully/thoroughly; explore/scan/scrutinize/investigate |
| secor, seci, secutus sum |
follow; escort/attend/accompany; aim at/reach after/strive for/make for/seek |
| securitas, securitatis F |
freedom from care; carelessness; safety, security |
| securus, secura, securum |
secure, safe, untroubled, free from care |
| sedes, sedis F |
seat; home, residence; settlement, habitation; chair |
| seditio, seditionis F |
sedition, riot, strife,rebellion |
| segnis, segne, segnior -or -us, segnissimus -a -um |
slow, sluggish, torpid, inactive; slothful, unenergetic; slow moving, slow |
| segniter, segnitius, segnitissime |
half-heartedly; without spirit/energy, feebly |
| segnitia, segnitiae F |
sloth, sluggishness, inertia; weakness, feebleness; disinclination for action |
| semel |
once, on one occasion |
| semen, seminis N |
seed |
| semper |
always |
| senator, senatoris M |
senator |
| senatorius, senatoria, senatorium |
of a senator,senatorial |
| senatus, senatus M |
senate |
| senectus, senectutis F |
old age; extreme age; senility; old men; gray hairs; shed snake skin |
| senex, senis (gen.), senior -or -us, - |
aged, old |
| sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus |
perceive, feel, experience; think, realize, see, understand |
| separo, separare, separavi, separatus |
divide, distinguish; separate |
| sepono, seponere, seposui, sepositus |
put away from one; disregard; isolate; reserve |
| septimus, -a, -um |
7th |
| sermo, sermonis M |
conversation, discussion; rumor; diction; speech; talk; the word |
| sero, serere, sevi, satus |
sow, plant; strew, scatter, spread; cultivate; beget, bring forth |
| servitium, serviti(i) N |
slavery, servitude; slaves; the slave class |
| severitas, severitatis F |
strictness, severity |
| severus, severa -um, severior -or -us, severissimus -a -um |
stern, strict, severe; grave, austere; weighty, serious; unadorned, plain |
| sexaginta, sexagesimus -a -um, sexageni -ae -a, sexagie(n)s |
|
| sexus, sexus M |
sex; sexual organs |
| siccus, sicca, siccum |
dry |
| sicubi |
if anywhere, if at any place |
| sicut |
as, just as; like; in same way; as if; as it certainly is; as it were |
| sidus, sideris N |
star; constellation; tempest |
| silanus, silani M |
fountain |
| similis, simile, similior -or -us, simillimus -a -um |
like, similar, resembling |
| sine |
without; lack |
| singulus, singula, singulum |
apiece; every; one each/at a time; individual/separate/single; several |
| sinister, sinistra -um, sinistrior -or -us, sinistimus -a -um |
left, improper,adverse; inauspicious |
| sino, sinere, sivi, situs |
allow, permit |
| sinus, sini M |
bowl for serving wine, etc |
| sinus, sinus M |
curved or bent surface; bending, curve, fold; bosom, lap; bay |
| socer, soceri M |
father in law |
| socordia, socordiae F |
sluggishness, torpor, inaction |
| solacium, solaci(i) N |
comfort, solace; relief in sorrow/misfortune; source of comfort/consolation |
| soleo, solere, solitus sum |
be in the habit of; become accustomed to |
| solitudo, solitudinis F |
solitude, loneliness; deprivation; wilderness |
| sonus, soni M |
noise, sound |
| sordidus, sordida -um, sordidior -or -us, sordidissimus -a -um |
dirty, unclean, foul, filthy; vulgar, sordid; low, base, mean, paltry; vile |
| soror, sororis F |
sister |
| sors, sortis F |
lot, fate; oracular response |
| spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus |
scatter, strew, sprinkle; spot |
| species, speciei F |
sight, appearance, show; splendor, beauty; kind, type |
| spectabilis, spectabilis, spectabile |
noteworthy, outstanding; worth consideration/looking at; able to be seen |
| spectaculum, spectaculi N |
show, spectacle; spectators' seats |
| sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus |
scorn, despise, spurn |
| spes, spei F |
hope/anticipation/expectation; prospect/hope/promise |
| spiro, spirare, spiravi, spiratus |
breathe; blow; live; breathe out; exhale; breathe the spirit of |
| splendidus, splendida, splendidum |
splendid, glittering |
| spolio, spoliare, spoliavi, spoliatus |
rob, strip; despoil, plunder; deprive |
| stimulus, stimuli M |
spur/goad; trap/spike in earth; prick/sting/cause of torment/torture instrument |
| sto, stare, steti, status |
stand, stand still, stand firm; remain, rest |
| strepitus, strepitus M |
noise, racket; sound; din, crash, uproar |
| sub |
under; up to, up under, close to; until, before, up to, about |
| subeo, subire, subivi(ii), subitus |
go/move/pass/sink/extend underneath/into; climb/come/go up, ascend; steal in on |
| subicio, subicere, subjeci, subjectus |
throw under, place under; make subject; expose |
| subigo, subigere, subegi, subactus |
conquer, subjugate; compel |
| subinde |
immediately after, thereupon; constantly, repeatedly |
| subitus, subita, subitum |
sudden; rash, unexpected |
| sublimis, sublime, sublimior -or -us, sublimissimus -a -um |
high, lofty; eminent, exalted, elevated; raised on high; in high position |
| subsidium, subsidi(i) N |
help, relief; reinforcement |
| subtilitas, subtilitatis F |
fineness of texture/logic/detail; slenderness/exactness/acuteness; sharpness |
| subvenio, subvenire, subveni, subventus |
come to help, assist; rescue |
| sueo, suere, suevi, - |
to accustom; to be accustomed |
| suesco, suescere, suevi, suetus |
become accustomed |
| suffuscus, suffusca, suffuscum |
brownish, dark |
| summoveo, summovere, summovi, summotus |
remove; drive off, dislodge; expel; ward off; keep at a distance; bar/debar |
| summus, summa, summum |
highest, the top of; greatest; last; the end of |
| sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus |
take up; begin; suppose, assume; select; purchase; exact; obtain |
| super |
above, on top, over; upwards; moreover, in addition, besides |
| superbia, superbiae F |
arrogance, pride, haughtiness |
| supergredior, supergredi, supergressus sum |
pass over or beyond; exceed, surpass |
| supero, superare, superavi, superatus |
overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; surpass, be above, have the upper hand |
| superstes, (gen.), superstitis |
outliving, surviving; standing over/near; present, witnessing |
| supersum, superesse, superfui, superfuturus |
be left over; survive; be in excess/superfluous; remain to be performed |
| suspectus, suspecta -um, suspectior -or -us, suspectissimus -a -um |
suspected/mistrusted; of doubtful character; believed without proof; suspicious |
| suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus |
look up to; admire |
| taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitus |
be silent; pass over in silence; leave unmentioned, be silent about something |
| talis, talis, tale |
such; so great; so excellent; of such kind |
| tantum |
so much, so far; hardly, only |
| tardus, tarda -um, tardior -or -us, tardissimus -a -um |
slow, limping; deliberate; late |
| tempestas, tempestatis F |
season, time, weather; storm |
| templum, templi N |
temple, church; shrine; holy place |
| tenebra, tenebrae F |
darkness, obscurity; night; dark corner; ignorance; concealment; gloom |
| tenor, tenoris M |
course, tenor; sustained and even course of movement |
| tertius, tertia, tertium |
third |
| testimonium, testimoni(i) N |
testimony; deposition; evidence; witness |
| testis, testis |
witness |
| timor, timoris M |
fear; dread |
| titulus, tituli M |
title; label; heading; placard/tablet; pretext, ostensible motive |
| toga, togae F |
toga |
| togatus, togata, togatum |
wearing a toga; civilian; of Roman status |
| tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus |
bear, endure, tolerate |
| tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus |
lift, raise; destroy; remove, steal; take/lift up/away |
| torpor, torporis M |
numbness, torpor, paralysis |
| traho, trahere, traxi, tractus |
draw, drag, haul; derive, get |
| transigo, transigere, transegi, transactus |
stab, pierce; finish, settle, complete, accomplish; perform; bargain, transact |
| transitus, transitus M |
passage; crossing |
| transmitto, transmittere, transmisi, transmissus |
send across; go across; transmit |
| transveho, transvehere, transvexi, transvectus |
transport, lead across; elapse; carry |
| trecenti -ae -a, trecentesimus -a -um, treceni -ae -a, trecentie(n)s |
|
| trepidus, trepida, trepidum |
nervous, jumpy, agitated; perilous, alarming, frightened; boiling, foaming |
| triennium, trienni(i) N |
three years |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
|
| tristitia, tristitiae F |
sadness |
| triumvir, triumviri M |
triumvir, commissioner; triumviri, a three-man board |
| tueor, tueri, tutus sum |
see, look at; protect, watch; uphold |
| turpis, turpe, turpior -or -us, turpissimus -a -um |
ugly; nasty; disgraceful; indecent; base, shameful, disgusting, repulsive |
| tutus, tuta -um, tutior -or -us, tutissimus -a -um |
safe, prudent; secure; protected |
| ubi |
where; in what place; when, whenever; as soon as; in which; with whom |
| ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum |
avenge; punish |
| ullus, ulla, ullum (gen -ius) |
any |
| ultio, ultionis F |
revenge, vengeance, retribution |
| ultor, ultoris M |
avenger, revenger |
| umbra, umbrae F |
shade; ghost; shadow |
| umeo, umere, -, - |
be wet; be moist |
| umor, umoris M |
moisture, liquid |
| umquam |
ever, at any time |
| unda, undae F |
wave |
| unde |
from where, whence, from what or which place; from which; from whom |
| urbs, urbis F |
city; City of Rome |
| uro, urere, ussi, ustus |
burn |
| usitatus, usitata -um, usitatior -or -us, usitatissimus -a -um |
usual, customary, ordinary, common, familiar, everyday; commonly used/practiced |
| usquam |
anywhere, in any place; to any place |
| uter, utra, utrum |
which, whichever, no matter which; one, either, one or other |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque |
both, each |
| utilis, utilis, utile |
useful, profitable, practical, helpful, advantageous |
| utiliter, utilius, utilissime |
usefully/profitably/to advantage; interestedly; validly/effectively/practically |
| utor, uti, usus sum |
use, make use of, enjoy; enjoy the friendship of |
| uxor, uxoris F |
wife |
| vacuus, vacua, vacuum |
empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free of |
| validus, valida, validum |
strong, powerful; valid |
| vallum, valli N |
wall, rampart; entrenchment, line of palisades, stakes |
| vanus, vana, vanum |
empty, vain; false, untrustworthy |
| varius, varia, varium |
different; various, diverse; changing; colored; party colored, variegated |
| vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus |
lay waste, ravage, devastate |
| vastus, vasta -um, vastior -or -us, vastissimus -a -um |
huge, vast; monstrous |
| vehementer, vehementius, vehementissime |
vehemently, vigorously; exceedingly, very much |
| velox, velocis (gen.), velocior -or -us, velocissimus -a -um |
swift, quick, fleet, rapid, speedy |
| veneo, venire, venivi(ii), venitus |
go for sale, be sold, be disposed of for gain |
| venia, veniae F |
favor, kindness; pardon; permission; indulgence |
| venumdo, venumdare, venumdedi, venumdatus |
sell; offer for sale |
| verber, verberis N |
lash, whip; blows, a beating, flogging |
| vereor, vereri, veritus sum |
revere, respect; fear; dread |
| vescor, vesci, - |
feed on, eat, enjoy |
| vestigium, vestigi(i) N |
step, track; trace; footstep |
| veteranus, veterana, veteranum |
old, veteran |
| veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus |
forbid, prohibit; reject, veto; be an obstacle to; prevent |
| vexillum, vexilli N |
flag, banner |
| vilis, vilis, vile |
cheap, common, mean, worthless |
| vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus |
bind, fetter; restrain |
| vinclum, vincli N |
chain, bond, fetter; imprisonment |
| viridis, viridis, viride |
fresh, green; blooming,youthful |
| vitabundus, vitabunda, vitabundum |
taking evasive action |
| vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus |
avoid, shun; evade |
| vivo, vivere, vixi, victus |
be alive, live; survive; reside |
| vivus, viva, vivum |
alive, fresh; living |
| vix |
hardly, scarcely, barely, only just; with difficulty, not easily; reluctantly |
| volo, velle, volui, - |
wish, want, prefer; be willing, will |
| voluptas, voluptatis F |
pleasure, delight, enjoyment |
| vulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, vulgatus |
spread around/among the multitude; publish, divulge, circulate; prostitute |
| vulnus, vulneris N |
wound; mental/emotional hurt; injury to one's interests; wound of love |
| vultus, vultus M |
face, expression; looks |
