| Augustalis, Augustalis M |
member of imperial military/religious group; title of Prefect of Egypt |
| Brutus, Bruti M |
Brutus |
| C., abb. |
Gaius; centum/100 |
| Cassius, Cassi M |
Cassius |
| Claudius, Claudi M |
Claudius; Lame |
| Cn., abb. |
Gnaeus |
| Germanicus, Germanica, Germanicum |
German |
| Hercules, Herculis M |
Hercules |
| Julianus, Juliani M |
Julian |
| Junius, Junia, Junium |
June; abb. Jun. |
| M'., abb. |
Manius |
| Mars, Martis M |
Mars, Roman god of war; warlike spirit, fighting, battle, army, force of arms |
| Messalla, Messallae M |
Messala/Messalla |
| Nero, Neronis M |
Nero |
| Num., abb. |
Numerius |
| Oceanus, Oceani M |
Ocean |
| Octavius, Octavii M |
Octavius; name of Roman gens |
| Palatium, Palati(i) N |
Palatine Hill |
| Penates, Penatum |
Penates; gods of home/larder/family; home/dwelling; family/line |
| Piso, Pisonis M |
Piso |
| Pompeianus, Pompeiana, Pompeianum |
Pompeian; of/belonging to member of Pompian gens |
| Q., abb. |
Quintus |
| Roma, Romae F |
Rome |
| Seius, Seia, Seium |
Seius; fictitious name in law |
| Sicilia, Siciliae F |
Sicily |
| Valerius, Valeria, Valerium |
of Valerius, Roman gens; P. V. Publicola, one of the first consuls |
| Vesta, Vestae F |
Vesta |
| abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus |
remove, put away, set aside; depart, go away; hide, keep secret, conceal |
| abduco, abducere, abduxi, abductus |
lead away, carry off; detach, attract away, entice, seduce, charm; withdraw |
| abnueo, abnuere, -, - |
refuse, decline; deny; refuse by a sign, shake head; reject; rule out |
| abscedo, abscedere, abscessi, abscessus |
withdraw, depart, retire; go/pass off/away; desist; recede; slough |
| abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abstentus |
withhold, keep away/clear; abstain, fast; refrain; avoid; keep hands of |
| acies, aciei F |
sharpness, sharp edge, point; battle line/array; sight, glance; pupil of eye |
| adcelero, adcelerare, adceleravi, adceleratus |
speed up, quicken, hurry; make haste, act quickly, hasten; accelerate |
| adclamo, adclamare, adclamavi, adclamatus |
shout, cry out against, protest; shout approval, applaud |
| adcresco, adcrescere, adcrevi, adcretus |
increase/swell, grow larger/up/progressively; be added/annexed to; arise |
| adcurro, adcurrere, adcurri, adcursus |
run/hasten to; come/rush up; charge, rush to attack |
| adeo, adire, adivi(ii), aditus |
approach; attack; visit, address; undertake; take possession |
| adfero, adferre, adtuli, adlatus |
bring to, carry, convey; report, bring word, allege, announce; produce, cause |
| adficio, adficere, adfeci, adfectus |
affect, make impression; move, influence; cause, afflict, weaken |
| adfinitas, adfinitatis F |
relation by marriage; relationship, bond/union; neighborhood |
| adfundo, adfundere, adfudi, adfusus |
pour on/upon/into, heap up; shed/spill; wash |
| adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus |
withdraw, take away, carry off; castrate; deprive, steal, seize; annul; rescue |
| adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum |
gain, secure, win, obtain; arrive at, come up to/into; inherit; overtake |
| admodum |
very, exceedingly, greatly, quite; excessively; just so; certainly, completely |
| admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus |
admonish, remind, prompt; suggest, advise, raise; persuade, urge; warn, caution |
| adoptio, adoptionis F |
adoption of child; adoption into family; grafting |
| adpono, adponere, adposui, adpositus |
place near, set before/on table, serve up; put/apply/add to; appoint/assign |
| adrogantia, adrogantiae F |
insolence, arrogance, conceit, haughtiness; presumption |
| adrogo, adrogare, adrogavi, adrogatus |
ask, question; arrogate to one's self, claim, make undue claim; confer |
| adscisco, adsciscere, adscivi, adscitus |
adopt, assume; receive, admit, approve of, associate; take over, claim |
| adscribo, adscribere, adscripsi, adscriptus |
add/state in writing, insert; appoint; enroll, enfranchise; reckon, number |
| adstrepo, adstrepere, adstrepui, - |
make a noise at, shout in support, take up a cry; assail with noise; murmur |
| adsuetudo, adsuetudinis F |
custom, habit; repeated practice/experience/association; intimacy, intercourse |
| adulatio, adulationis F |
flattery, adulation; prostrating oneself; fawning, courtship |
| adulescens, adulescentis (gen.), adulescentior -or -us, adulescentissimus -a -um |
young, youthful; "minor" |
| adulor, adulari, adulatus sum |
fawn upon; flatter, court; make obeisance |
| advenio, advenire, adveni, adventus |
come to, arrive; arrive at, reach, be brought; develop, set in, arise |
| adverso, adversare, adversavi, adversatus |
apply, direct |
| advolvo, advolvere, advolvi, advolutus |
roll to/towards; fall on knees, grovel, prostrate oneself |
| aegre, aegrius, aegerrime |
scarcely, with difficulty, painfully, hardly; reluctantly, uncomfortably |
| aemulatio, aemulationis F |
rivalry, ambition; unfriendly rivalry; emulation, imitation |
| aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatus |
level, make even/straight; equal; compare; reach as high or deep as |
| aerarius, aerari(i) M |
lowest class citizen, pays poll tax but cannot vote/hold office; coppersmith |
| aestas, aestatis F |
summer; summer heat/weather; a year |
| aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus |
value, assess; estimate; reckon; consider, judge; esteem |
| aestivus, aestiva, aestivum |
summer-like, summer; pertaining to/occurring in/used for/appearing in summer |
| ager, agri M |
field, ground; farm, land, estate, park; territory, country; terrain; soil |
| aggero, aggerare, aggeravi, aggeratus |
heap/fill up, bring, carry; increase, add fuel; push/crowd/press together |
| agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus |
stir/drive/shake/move about; revolve; live; control, ride; consider, pursue |
| ago, agere, egi, actus |
drive/urge/conduct/act; spend; thank; deliver |
| aio, -, - |
say, assert; say yes/so, affirm, assent; prescribe/lay down |
| aliquid |
to some degree/extent; somewhat |
| aliter |
otherwise, differently; in any other way |
| ambigo, ambigere, -, - |
hesitate, be in doubt; argue, dispute, contend; call in question; be at issue |
| ambiguus, ambigua, ambiguum |
changeable, doubtful, ambiguous, wavering, fickle; treacherous, unethical |
| ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus |
walk, take a walk, go on foot; travel, march; go about, gad; parade, strut |
| amicitia, amicitiae F |
friendship, bond between friends; alliance, association; friendly relations |
| amicus, amica -um, amicior -or -us, amicissimus -a -um |
friendly, dear, fond of; supporting, loyal, devoted; loving |
| amnis, amnis M |
river, stream; current; water; the river Ocean |
| anima, animae F |
soul, spirit, vital principle; life; breathing; wind, breeze; air |
| annona, annonae F |
year's produce; provisions; allotment/rations; wheat/food; price of grain/food |
| annuus, annua, annuum |
for a year, lasting/appointed for a year; paid/performed yearly, annual |
| ante |
in front/presence of, in view; before; over against, facing |
| antefero, anteferre, antetuli, antelatus |
carry before; place before/in front of; bring in advance, anticipate; prefer |
| anxius, anxia, anxium |
anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful; prepared with care; troublesome |
| appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus |
call; address; dun; solicit; appeal; bring to court; accuse; name |
| aquilus, aquila, aquilum |
dark colored/hued, swarthy |
| ara, arae F |
altar, structure for sacrifice, pyre; sanctuary; home; refuge, shelter |
| arbitrium, arbitri(i) N |
arbitration; choice, judgment, decision; sentence; will, mastery, authority |
| arcanus, arcana, arcanum |
secret, private, hidden; intimate, personal; confidential; mysterious, esoteric |
| arduus, ardua -um, arduior -or -us, arduissimus -a -um |
steep, high, lofty, towering, tall; erect, rearing; uphill; arduous, difficult |
| arguo, arguere, argui, argutus |
prove, argue, allege; disclose; accuse, complain of, charge, blame, convict |
| as, assis M |
penny, copper coin; a pound; one, whole, unit; circular flap/valve; round slice |
| aspernor, aspernari, aspernatus sum |
despise, scorn, disdain; spurn, push away, repel, reject; refuse, decline |
| aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus |
look/gaze on/at, see, observe, behold, regard; face; consider, contemplate |
| assum, adesse, affui, affuturus |
be near, be present, be in attendance, arrive, appear; aid |
| atrox, atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um |
fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful |
| audeo, audere, ausus sum |
intend, be prepared; dare/have courage, act boldly, venture, risk |
| audio, audire, audivi, auditus |
hear, listen, accept, agree with; obey; harken, pay attention; be able to hear |
| aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus |
bear/carry/take/fetch/sweep/snatch away/off, remove, withdraw; steal, obtain |
| augeo, augere, auxi, auctus |
increase, enlarge, augment; spread; honor, promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of |
| aula, aulae F |
hall; church/temple; palace/castle; inner/royal court; courtiers; royal power |
| auris, auris F |
ear; hearing; a discriminating sense of hearing,"ear"; pin on plow |
| avaritia, avaritiae F |
greed, avarice; rapacity; miserliness, stinginess, meanness |
| avidus, avida -um, avidior -or -us, avidissimus -a -um |
greedy, eager, ardent, desirous of; avaricious, insatiable; lustful, passionate |
| bellum, belli N |
war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; war; military force, arms |
| bellus, bella -um, bellior -or -us, bellissimus -a -um |
pretty, handsome, charming, pleasant, agreeable, polite; nice, fine, excellent |
| binus, bina, binum |
two by two; 2 each; in pairs; 2 at time; on 2 occasions; double, twofold |
| brutus, bruta, brutum |
heavy, unwieldy, inert; dull, stupid, brute; irrational, insensitive, brutish |
| cado, cadere, cecidi, casus |
fall, sink, drop, plummet, topple; be slain, die; end, cease, abate; decay |
| caedis, caedis F |
murder/slaughter/massacre; assassination; feuding; slain/victims; blood/gore |
| caelestis, caeleste, caelestior -or -us, caelestissimus -a -um |
heavenly, of heavens/sky, from heaven/sky; celestial; divine; of the Gods |
| caelus, caeli M |
heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah |
| caespes, caespitis M |
grassy ground, grass; earth; sod, turf; altar/rampart/mound of sod/turf/earth |
| campus, campi M |
plain; level field/surface; open space for battle/games; sea; scope; campus |
| candido, candidare, candidavi, candidatus |
make glittering/bright; make white |
| canities, canitiei F |
white/gray coloring/deposit; gray/white hair, grayness of hair; old age |
| capax, capacis (gen.), capacior -or -us, capacissimus -a -um |
large, spacious, roomy, big; capable, fit, competent; has right to inherit |
| capitalis, capitale, capitalior -or -us, capitalissimus -a -um |
of/belonging to head/life; deadly, mortal; dangerous; excellent, first-rate |
| caput, capitis N |
head; person; life; leader; top; source/mouth; capital |
| carcer, carceris M |
prison, jail; jailbird; starting barriers at race-course, traps; beginning |
| caritas, caritatis F |
charity; love, affection, esteem, favor; dearness; high price |
| casus, casus M |
fall, overthrow; chance/fortune; accident, emergency, calamity, plight; fate |
| celebratio, celebrationis F |
celebrating a festival/mass; throng/crowd, audience/gathering; common use/vogue |
| celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus |
celebrate/perform; frequent; honor/glorify; publicize/advertise; discuss/bandy |
| censeo, censere, censui, censitus |
think/suppose, judge; recommend; decree, vote, determine; count/reckon; assess |
| centuria, centuriae F |
century, company of 60-100 men in legion; voting unit; land unit |
| certamen, certaminis N |
contest, competition; battle, combat, struggle; rivalry; dispute |
| certus, certa -um, certior -or -us, certissimus -a -um |
fixed, settled, firm; certain; trusty/reliable; sure; resolved, determined |
| cio, cire, civi(ii), citus |
move, set in motion; excite/rouse/stir up; urge on; summon/muster/call up |
| circum |
around, about, among, near, in neighborhood of; in circle around |
| circumjicio, circumjicere, circumjeci, circumjectus |
cast/throw or place/put/build around; put on flank of; encompass/envelop |
| circumsto, circumstare, circumsteti, circumstatus |
stand/gather/crowd around, surround, beset; be on either side |
| circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus |
encircle, surround; assail, beset; enclose; circumvent; defraud/trick; surpass |
| civitas, civitatis F |
community/city/town/state; citizens; citizen rights/citizenship; naturalization |
| clades, cladis F |
defeat, reverse; casualties, slaughter/carnage/devastation; ruins; dissolution |
| clamito, clamitare, clamitavi, clamitatus |
cry out, yell; shout repeatedly, clamor; proclaim; name/call repeatedly/loudly |
| clamor, clamoris M |
shout, outcry/protest; loud shouting, applause; clamor/noise/din |
| classis, classis F |
class/division of Romans; grade; levy/draft; fleet/navy; group/band |
| codicillus, codicilli M |
notepad, small log; writing tablets; patent; petition to Emperor; will/codicil |
| coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus |
enclose, confine; restrain, check, curb, repress; limit; preserve; punish |
| coetus, coetus M |
meeting, encounter, assembly; union; band, gang, crowd |
| cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus |
become acquainted with/aware of; recognize; learn, find to be; inquire/examine |
| colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus |
collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together; combine; harvest; pick up |
| colo, colere, colui, cultus |
live in, inhabit; till, cultivate, promote growth; foster, maintain |
| comitium, comiti(i) N |
place in Forum where comitia were held; comitia, assembly; elections |
| comito, comitare, comitavi, comitatus |
accompany, go along with; attend; follow; grow alongside |
| commendo, commendare, commendavi, commendatus |
entrust, give in trust; commit; recommend, commend to; point out, designate |
| comparatio, comparationis F |
construction; material/constituent; combination/conjunction; relationship |
| comperio, comperire, comperi, compertus |
learn/discover/find; verify/know for certain; find guilty |
| compono, componere, composui, compositus |
compare; place/put/add/collect together, collate; match; store/hoard; calm |
| concedo, concedere, concessi, concessus |
relinquish/give up/concede; depart; pardon; submit, allow/grant/permit/condone |
| concieo, concire, concivi(ii), concitus |
move, set in violent motion, stir up; muster; rouse, excite, incite, provoke |
| concipio, concipere, concepi, conceptus |
take in/up, receive, catch; derive/draw; contain/hold; grasp; adopt; wed |
| conclamo, conclamare, conclamavi, conclamatus |
cry/shout aloud/out; make resound w/shouts; give a signal; summon; bewail/mourn |
| condicio, condicionis F |
agreement/contract; terms, proposal/option/alternative; situation; stipulation |
| conecto, conectere, conexi, conexus |
join/fasten/link together, connect/associate; lead to; tie; implicate/involve |
| confessio, confessionis F |
confession, creed, avowal of belief/faith; acknowledgement of Christ; suffering |
| conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus |
make, construct; prepare, complete, accomplish; cause; perform; do thoroughly |
| congero, congerere, congessi, congestus |
collect, bring/get together, amass; heap/pile up/on; build, construct; compile |
| congrego, congregare, congregavi, congregatus |
collect/bring together/assemble/convene; flock, congregate; group; concentrate |
| conjecto, conjectare, conjectavi, conjectatus |
conjecture, think, imagine, infer, guess, conclude; judge, draw a conclusion |
| conloquium, conloquii N |
talk, conversation; colloquy/discussion; interview; meeting/conference; parley |
| consentio, consentire, consensi, consensus |
join/share in sensation/feeling; be in agreement/harmony; be of the same mind |
| conspicuus, conspicua, conspicuum |
visible, clearly seen, in sight/full view; illustrious/notable/famous/striking |
| constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus |
set up/in position, erect; place/dispose/locate; halt; plant |
| consto, constare, constiti, constatus |
agree/correspond/fit, be correct; be dependent/based upon; exist/continue/last |
| consulatus, consulatus M |
consulship/consulate; office of consul; actions/acts as consul |
| contineo, continere, continui, contentus |
secure, maintain, sustain; fasten/hold in position; retain, keep safe, preserve |
| continuo, continuare, continuavi, continuatus |
make continuous; put in line, join, connect, unite |
| contionabundus, contionabunda, contionabundum |
delivering public speech/harangue; proposing something at public assembly |
| contubernium, contuberni(i) N |
companionship in a tent; band/brotherhood; shared war tent; apartment/lodging |
| copia, copiae F |
plenty, abundance, supply; troops, supplies; forces; resources; wealth |
| cora, corae F |
pupil of the eye |
| corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus |
spoil/rot; taint/contaminate; damage/ruin, undo; destroy/deface; digest; infect |
| corvus, corvi M |
raven; cormorant; kind of sea fish; constellation Corvus/Raven |
| credibilis, credibilis, credibile |
credible/trustworthy/believable/plausible/convincing/likely/probable |
| cremo, cremare, cremavi, crematus |
burn/cremate; consume/destroy; burn alive; make burnt offering |
| crimen, criminis N |
indictment/charge/accusation; blame/reproach/slander; verdict/judgment |
| crispus, crispa, crispum |
curled/curly; trembling/vibrating; uneven/wrinkled/twisted; elegant |
| crudus, cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um |
raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous |
| cruentus, cruenta -um, cruentior -or -us, cruentissimus -a -um |
bloody/bleeding/discharging blood; gory; blood red; polluted w/blood-guilt |
| cubiculum, cubiculi N |
bedroom; sleeping chamber/apartment/suite |
| cumulo, cumulare, cumulavi, cumulatus |
heap/pile up/high, gather into a pile/heap; accumulate, amass; load/fill full |
| cunctabundus, cunctabunda, cunctabundum |
lingering, loitering; slow to action, delaying, hesitating, hesitant; tardy |
| cunctor, cunctari, cunctatus sum |
delay, impede, hold up; hesitate, tarry, linger; be slow to act; dawdle; doubt |
| cupidus, cupida -um, cupidior -or -us, cupidissimus -a -um |
eager/passionate; longing for/desirous of; greedy; wanton/lecherous |
| cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus |
wish/long/be eager for; desire/want, covet; desire as a lover; favor, wish well |
| cur |
why, wherefore; for what reason/purpose?; on account of which?; because |
| cura, curae F |
concern, worry, anxiety, trouble; attention, care, pains, zeal; cure, treatment |
| curatus, curata -um, curatior -or -us, curatissimus -a -um |
well looked after; carefully prepared; anxious, solicitous, earnest |
| curius, curia, curium |
grievous; full of sorrow |
| curo, curare, curavi, curatus |
arrange/see/attend to; take care of; provide for; worry/care about; heal/cure |
| currus, currus M |
chariot, light horse vehicle; triumphal chariot; triumph; wheels on plow; cart |
| custodia, custodiae F |
protection, safe-keeping, defense, preservation; custody, charge; prisoner |
| damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatus |
pass/pronounce judgment, find guilty; deliver/condemn/sentence; harm/damn/doom |
| decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptus |
cheat/deceive/mislead/dupe/trap; elude/escape notice; disappoint/frustrate/foil |
| decum |
10th-; 10th |
| decus, decoris N |
glory/splendor; honor/distinction; deeds; dignity/virtue; decorum; grace/beauty |
| defero, deferre, detuli, delatus |
carry/bring/sink/fall down/off; convey/deliver/transfer; reduce/slope |
| defungor, defungi, defunctus sum |
have done with, finish, bring/come to end, be quit/done/rid of; discharge |
| dein |
then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/from there/then; in next position/place |
| deminutio, deminutionis F |
diminution/making smaller; decrease/depletion/attenuation; deduction/subtractio |
| denarius, denaria, denarium |
containing/related to the number ten; worth a denarius |
| deni, denae, dena |
ten each, tenfold |
| denique |
finally, in the end; and then; at worst; in short, to sum up; in fact, indeed |
| depello, depellere, depuli, depulsus |
drive/push out//off/away/aside, repel; expel; remove, wean; banish utterly |
| deprecor, deprecari, deprecatus sum |
avert by prayer; entreat/pray/beg; intercede/beg pardon/mercy/relief/exemption |
| descisco, desciscere, descivi, descitus |
desert/defect/revolt; deviate/abandon standard/principle; degenerate; fall away |
| desertor, desertoris M |
deserter; one who abandons/forsakes; fugitive; turncoat; runaway |
| desiderium, desideri(i) N |
desire/longing/want/requirement; desire/grief/regret for dead/absent/loss |
| designo, designare, designavi, designatus |
mark; point/mark/trace out, outline/describe; indicate/designate/denote |
| desino, desinere, desivi, desitus |
stop/end/finish, abandon/leave/break off, desist/cease; come to/at end/close |
| destino, destinare, destinavi, destinatus |
fix/bind/fasten down; fix, make up mind; aim/fix on target, mark out |
| detero, deterere, detrivi, detritus |
rub/wear/file away/down; remove, rub off/out; wear down to smooth surface |
| detorqueo, detorquere, detorsi, detortus |
turn/twist/bend/pull away/aside; deflect; deviate; divert; sway |
| dictito, dictitare, dictitavi, dictitatus |
repeat; persist in saying, keep on saying/speaking of; say/plead/call often |
| dicto, dictare, dictavi, dictatus |
dictate; compose; draw up; order/prescribe; fix |
| dignitas, dignitatis F |
worth, excellence; fitness/suitability,; honor, esteem, standing |
| dilabor, dilabi, dilapsus sum |
run/flow/slip away, spread; dissolve/melt away, disperse |
| dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus |
send away/off; allow to go, let go/off; disband, discharge, dismiss |
| disciplina, disciplinae F |
teaching, instruction, education; training; discipline; method, science, study |
| disco, discere, didici, discitus |
learn; hear, get to know, become acquainted with; acquire knowledge/skill of/in |
| discordo, discordare, discordavi, discordatus |
be at variance, quarrel; be different |
| discrepo, discrepare, discrepavi, discrepatus |
disagree/differ/vary; have differences/discrepancies/difference of opinion |
| dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertus |
arrange, dispose, set in order; discuss; examine; explain, set out in words |
| diverto, divertere, diverti, diversus |
separate; divert, turn away/in; digress; oppose; divorce/leave marriage |
| dives, divitis (gen.), divitior -or -us, divitissimus -a -um |
rich/wealthy; costly; fertile/productive; talented, well endowed |
| divido, dividere, divisi, divisus |
divide; separate, break up; share, distribute; distinguish |
| divisio, divisionis F |
division; distribution |
| doceo, docere, docui, doctus |
teach, show, point out |
| dolus, doli M |
trick, device, deceit, treachery, trickery, cunning, fraud |
| domesticus, domestica, domesticum |
domestic, of the house; familiar, native; civil, private, personal |
| dominor, dominari, dominatus sum |
be master/despot/in control, rule over, exercise sovereignty; rule/dominate |
| domus, domus F |
house, building; home, household |
| domus, domi F |
house, building; home, household |
| donec |
while, as long as, until |
| donum, doni N |
gift, present; offering |
| dubitatio, dubitationis F |
doubt, irresolution, uncertainty; wavering, hesitation; questioning |
| dubius, dubia, dubium |
doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable, dangerous; critical |
| duco, ducere, duxi, ductus |
lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong |
| dulcedo, dulcedinis F |
sweetness, agreeableness; charm |
| dum |
while, as long as, until; provided that |
| duodecim, duodecimus -a -um, duodeni -ae -a, duodecie(n)s |
|
| duro, durare, duravi, duratus |
harden, make hard; become hard/stern; bear, last, remain, continue; endure |
| durus, dura -um, durior -or -us, durissimus -a -um |
hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable |
| dux, ducis M |
leader, guide; commander, general; Duke |
| e |
out of, from; by reason of; according to; because of, as a result of |
| eadem |
by the same route; at the same time; likewise; same |
| edo, edere, edidi, editus |
eject/emit; put/give forth; beget; bear; display/evince/exhibit |
| edo, edere, edi, essus |
eat/consume/devour; eat away; destroy; spend money on food |
| effigies, effigiei F |
copy, image, likeness, portrait; effigy, statue; ghost |
| effringo, effringere, effregi, effractus |
break open; smash; break in |
| effundo, effundere, effudi, effusus |
pour out/away/off; allow to drain; shower; volley; send/stream forth |
| egregius, egregia, egregium |
singular; distinguished; exceptional; extraordinary; eminent; excellent |
| eligo, eligere, elegi, electus |
pick out, choose |
| enimvero |
to be sure, certainly; well, upon by word; but, on the other hand; what is more |
| eques, equitis M |
horseman/cavalryman/rider; horsemen, cavalry; equestrian order |
| erga |
towards, opposite |
| etenim |
and indeed, because, since, as a matter of fact |
| etsi |
although, though, even if; albeit; I know that but |
| evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus |
come out/about/forth; happen; turn out |
| evito, evitare, evitavi, evitatus |
shun, avoid |
| excubia, excubiae F |
watching; keeping of a watch/guard/vigil; the watch, soldiers on guard |
| excuso, excusare, excusavi, excusatus |
excuse/justify/explain; make excuse for/plead as excuse; allege; absolve/exempt |
| exeo, exire, exivi(ii), exitus |
come/go/sail/march/move out/forth/away, leave; pass, expire/perish/die |
| exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitus |
exercise, train, drill, practice; enforce, administer; cultivate |
| exercitus, exercitus M |
army, infantry; swarm, flock |
| exilium, exili(i) N |
exile, banishment; place of exile/retreat; exiles, those exiled |
| experior, experiri, expertus sum |
test, put to the test; find out; attempt, try; prove, experience |
| expleo, explere, explevi, expletus |
fill out; fill, fill up, complete, finish; satisfy, satiate |
| exposco, exposcere, expoposci, - |
request, ask for, demand; demand the surrender of |
| expostulatio, expostulationis F |
complaint, protest |
| expostulo, expostulare, expostulavi, expostulatus |
demand, call for, remonstrate, complain about |
| exprimo, exprimere, expressi, expressus |
squeeze, squeeze/press out; imitate, copy; portray; pronounce, express |
| exprobro, exprobrare, exprobravi, exprobratus |
reproach, upbraid, reprove; bring up as reproach |
| exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum |
follow, go along/on with; pursue for vengeance/punishment; strive/search after |
| exsolvo, exsolvere, exsolvi, exsolutus |
unfasten/undo/loose; open; thaw; let flow; solve |
| exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus |
lookout for, await; expect, anticipate, hope for |
| exstruo, exstruere, exstruxi, exstructus |
pile/build up, raise, build, construct |
| extollo, extollere, -, - |
raise; lift up; extol, advance; erect |
| extorqueo, extorquere, extorsi, extortus |
extort; tear away, twist away; twist/wrench out |
| exuo, exuere, exui, exutus |
pull off; undress, take off; strip, deprive of; lay aside, cast off |
| facilis, facile, facilior -or -us, facillimus -a -um |
easy, easy to do, without difficulty, ready, quick, good natured, courteous |
| facinus, facinoris N |
deed; crime; outrage |
| fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus |
deceive; slip by; disappoint; be mistaken, beguile, drive away; fail; cheat |
| fama, famae F |
rumor; reputation; tradition; fame, public opinion, ill repute; report, news |
| familia, familiae F |
household; household of slaves; family; clan; religious community |
| fas, undeclined N |
divine/heaven's law/will/command; that which is right/lawful/moral/allowed |
| fascis, fascis M |
bundles of rods |
| fastigium, fastigi(i) N |
peak, summit, top; slope, declivity, descent; gable, roof; sharp point, tip |
| fateor, fateri, fassus sum |
admit, confess; disclose; acknowledge; praise |
| faveo, favere, favi, fautus |
favor, befriend, support, back up |
| favor, favoris M |
favor, goodwill; bias; applause |
| feminus, femina, feminum |
female |
| fessus, fessa, fessum |
tired, wearied, fatigued, exhausted; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm, sick |
| festino, festinare, festinavi, festinatus |
hasten, hurry |
| fides, fidei F |
faith, loyalty; honesty; credit; confidence, trust, belief; good faith |
| filia, filiae F |
daughter |
| fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus |
mold, form, shape; create, invent; produce; imagine; compose; devise, contrive |
| finio, finire, finivi, finitus |
limit, end; finish; determine, define; mark out the boundaries |
| fio, feri, factus sum |
happen, come about; result; take place, be held, occur, arise |
| firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus |
strengthen, harden; support; declare; prove, confirm, establish |
| flagitium, flagiti(i) N |
shame, disgrace; scandal, shameful act, outrage, disgraceful thing; scoundrel |
| flamen, flaminis |
priest, flamen; priest of specific deity |
| flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus |
bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; persuade, prevail on, soften |
| foedus, foederis N |
treaty, league, formal agreement, alliance; P:peace, amity |
| foris, foris F |
door, gate; a folding door; double door; entrance |
| formido, formidinis F |
fear/terror/alarm; religious dread/awe; thing/reason which scares, bogy/horror |
| fors, fortis F |
chance; luck, fortune; accident |
| fortuna, fortunae F |
chance, luck, fate; prosperity; condition, wealth, property |
| foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus |
keep warm; favor, cherish, maintain, foster |
| fungor, fungi, functus sum |
perform, execute, discharge; be engaged in |
| furor, furoris M |
madness, rage, fury, frenzy; passionate love |
| gaudium, gaudi(i) N |
joy, delight, gladness; source/cause of joy; physical/sensual delight |
| gens, gentis F |
tribe, clan; nation, people; Gentiles |
| gloria, gloriae F |
glory, fame; ambition; renown; vainglory, boasting |
| gradus, gradus M |
step; position |
| gratia, gratiae F |
popularity/esteem/credit; partiality/favoritism; unpopularity |
| gregarius, gregaria, gregarium |
of/belonging to rank and file |
| haud |
not, not at all, by no means; not |
| heres, heredis |
heir/heiress |
| hiems, hiemis F |
winter, winter time; rainy season; cold, frost; storm, stormy weather |
| honoro, honorare, honoravi, honoratus |
respect, honor |
| horridus, horrida, horridum |
wild, frightful, rough, bristly, standing on end, unkempt; grim; horrible |
| hortor, hortari, hortatus sum |
encourage; cheer; incite; urge; exhort |
| hostis, hostis |
enemy; stranger, foreigner; the enemy |
| idcirco |
on that account; therefore |
| ideo |
therefore, for the reason that, for that reason |
| ignarus, ignara, ignarum |
ignorant; unaware, having no experience of; senseless; strange |
| ignavia, ignaviae F |
idleness, laziness; faintheartedness |
| imago, imaginis F |
likeness, image, appearance; statue; idea; echo; ghost, phantom |
| imbuo, imbuere, imbui, imbutus |
wet, soak, dip; give initial instruction |
| immensus, immensa, immensum |
immeasurable, immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitely great; innumerable |
| immineo, imminere, -, - |
threaten, be a threat; overhang, be imminent; with DAT |
| imperitus, imperita, imperitum |
unskilled, inexperienced; unfamiliar, ignorant |
| implico, implicare, implicui, implicitus |
implicate; involve/engage/entangle/embroil; interweave/fold/twine w/itself |
| improspere |
unfortunately |
| inanis, inanis, inane |
void, empty, hollow; vain; inane, foolish |
| incedo, incedere, incessi, incessus |
advance, march; approach; step, walk, march along |
| incertus, incerta, incertum |
uncertain; unsure, inconstant, variable; doubtful |
| incitamentum, incitamenti N |
incentive, stimulus |
| incolumis, incolumis, incolume |
unharmed, uninjured; alive, safe; unimpaired |
| increpo, increpare, increpui, increpitus |
rattle, snap, clash, roar, twang, make noise; strike noisily |
| incultus, inculta -um, incultior -or -us, incultissimus -a -um |
uncultivated, overgrown; unkempt; rough, uncouth; uncourted |
| inde |
thence, thenceforth; from that place/time/cause; thereupon |
| indignus, indigna -um, indignior -or -us, indignissimus -a -um |
unworthy, undeserving, undeserved; unbecoming; shameful; intolerable; cruel |
| induco, inducere, induxi, inductus |
lead in, bring in; induce, influence; introduce |
| ineo, inire, inivi(ii), initus |
enter; undertake; begin; go in; enter upon |
| infero, inferre, intuli, inlatus |
bring/carry in, import; advance, bring/march/step/move foward; impel, urge |
| inferus, infera -um, inferior -or -us, infimus -a -um |
below, beneath, underneath; of hell; vile; lower, further down; lowest, last |
| infructuosus, infructuosa, infructuosum |
unfruitful, unproductive |
| inimicitia, inimicitiae F |
unfriendliness, enmity, hostility |
| initium, initi(i) N |
beginning, commencement; entrance |
| inlectus, inlecta, inlectum |
unread |
| inlustris, inlustre, inlustrior -or -us, inlustrissimus -a -um |
bright, shining, brilliant; clear, lucid; illustrious, distinguished, famous |
| inpar, (gen.), inparis |
unequal; uneven, odd; inferior; not a match |
| inpedio, inpedire, inpedivi, inpeditus |
hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct, prevent from |
| inpello, inpellere, inpuli, inpulsus |
drive/persuade/impel; urge on/action; push/thrust/strike against; overthrow |
| inprovisus, inprovisa, inprovisum |
unforeseen/unexpected |
| inquiam, -, - |
say |
| inrideo, inridere, inrisi, inrisus |
laugh at, ridicule |
| inritus, inrita, inritum |
ineffective, useless, invalid; in vain |
| insignis, insignis, insigne |
conspicuous, manifest, eminent, notable, famous, distinguished, outstanding |
| instituo, instituere, institui, institutus |
set up, establish, found, make, institute; build; prepare; decide |
| insurgo, insurgere, insurrexi, insurrectus |
rise up; rise up against |
| intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus |
understand; realize |
| intercedo, intercedere, intercessi, intercessus |
intervene; intercede, interrupt; hinder; veto; exist/come between |
| interfector, interfectoris M |
killer, murderer; assassin; destroyer |
| intermitto, intermittere, intermisi, intermissus |
interrupt; omit; stop; leave off; leave a gap |
| interrogatio, interrogationis F |
interrogation, inquiry, questioning |
| intro, intrare, intravi, intratus |
enter; go into, penetrate; reach |
| introeo, introire, introivi(ii), introitus |
enter, go in or into; invade |
| introspicio, introspicere, introspexi, introspectus |
examine; inspect; look upon |
| invado, invadere, invasi, invasus |
enter, attempt; invade; take possession of; attack |
| invalidus, invalida, invalidum |
infirm, weak feeble ineffectual |
| inveho, invehere, invexi, invectus |
carry/bring in, import; ride, drive, sail, attack |
| invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus |
envy, regard with envy/ill will; be jealous of; begrudge, refuse |
| invisus, invisa, invisum |
hated, detested; hateful, hostile |
| invitus, invita, invitum |
reluctant; unwilling; against one's will |
| irascor, irasci, iratus sum |
get/be/become angry; fly into a rage; be angry at; feel resentment |
| irrepo, irrepere, irrepsi, - |
creep in or into; steal into; insinuate oneself |
| jacio, jacere, jeci, jactus |
throw, hurl, cast; throw away; utter |
| jactantia, jactantiae F |
boasting, ostentation |
| jubeo, jubere, jussi, jussus |
order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray |
| jubo, jubere, additional, forms |
order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray |
| jugulo, jugulare, jugulavi, jugulatus |
kill by slitting the throat; butcher, kill, murder, slay; cut the throat |
| jurisdictio, jurisdictionis F |
jurisdiction, legal authority; administration of justice |
| juro, jurare, juravi, juratus |
swear; call to witness; vow obedience to; conspire |
| justitia, justitiae F |
justice; equality; righteousness |
| juvenis, juvenis |
youth, young man/woman |
| juvenis, juvenis, juvene |
youthful, young |
| juxta |
nearly; near, close to, near by, hard by, by the side of; just as, equally |
| labor, laboris M |
labor/toil/exertion/effort/work; task/undertaking; production; childbirth |
| laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus |
work, labor; produce, take pains; be troubled/sick/oppressed, be in distress |
| lacrima, lacrimae F |
tear; exuded gum/sap; bit of lead; quicksilver from ore; weeping; dirge |
| laetus, laeta -um, laetior -or -us, laetissimus -a -um |
happy/cheerful/joyful/glad; favorable/propitious; prosperous/successful |
| lascivio, lascivire, lascivi, lascivitus |
frisk; sport; run riot |
| laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus |
recommend; praise, approve, extol; call upon, name; deliver eulogy on |
| legatio, legationis F |
embassy; member of an embassy; mission |
| legatum, legati N |
bequest, legacy |
| legionarius, legionaria, legionarium |
legionary, of a legion |
| lego, legere, legi, lectus |
read; gather, collect; furl, weigh; pick out |
| lenio, lenire, lenivi, lenitus |
mitigate, moderate; alleviate, allay, assuage, ease, calm, placate, appease |
| levamentum, levamenti N |
alleviation, mitigation, consolation |
| levis, leve, levior -or -us, levissimus -a -um |
light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight; gentle; fickle, capricious; nimble |
| libellus, libelli M |
little/small book; memorial; petition; pamphlet, defamatory publication |
| libertas, libertatis F |
freedom, liberty; frankness of speech, outspokenness |
| libet, libere, libuit, libitus est |
it pleases, is pleasing/agreeable |
| libido, libidinis F |
desire/longing/wish/fancy; lust, wantonness; will/pleasure; passion/lusts |
| licentia, licentiae F |
freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness; outspokenness |
| lictor, lictoris M |
lictor, an attendant upon a magistrate |
| lingua, linguae F |
tongue; speech, language; dialect |
| littera, litterae F |
letter; letter, epistle; literature, books, records, account |
| loco, locare, locavi, locatus |
place, put, station; arrange; contract; farm out on contract |
| locus, loci M |
seat, rank, position; soldier's post; quarters; category; book passage, topic |
| longinquus, longinqua -um, longinquior -or -us, longinquissimus -a -um |
remote, distant, far off; lasting, of long duration |
| longus, longa -um, longior -or -us, longissimus -a -um |
long; tall; tedious, taking long time; boundless; far; of specific length/time |
| loquor, loqui, locutus sum |
speak, tell; talk; mention; say, utter; phrase |
| ludibrium, ludibri(i) N |
mockery; laughingstock |
| ludus, ludi M |
game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school |
| luxus, luxus M |
luxury, soft living; sumptuousness |
| machinor, machinari, machinatus sum |
devise; plot |
| maestitia, maestitiae F |
sadness, sorrow, grief; source of grief; dullness, gloom |
| magistratus, magistratus M |
magistracy, civil office; office; magistrate, functionary |
| magnitudo, magnitudinis F |
size, magnitude, bulk; greatness. importance, intensity |
| magnus, magna -um, major -or -us, maximus -a -um |
large/great/big/vast/huge; much; powerful; tall/long/broad; extensive/spacious |
| manipularis, manipularis M |
soldier of a maniple; common soldier, private; marine; comrades |
| manipularis, manipularis, manipulare |
of/belonging to maniple; belonging to the ranks; private |
| mare, maris N |
sea; sea water |
| mas, (gen.), maris |
male; masculine, of the male sex; manly, virile, brave, noble; G:masculine |
| mater, matris F |
mother, foster mother; lady, matron; origin, source, motherland, mother city |
| matrimonium, matrimoni(i) N |
marriage; matrimony |
| medito, meditare, meditavi, meditatus |
consider/contemplate/ponder; meditate, think about; reflect on; devise/plan |
| mens, mentis F |
mind; reason, intellect, judgment; plan, intention, frame of mind; courage |
| mereo, merere, merui, meritus |
earn; deserve/merit/have right; win/gain/incur; earn soldier/whore pay, serve |
| metuo, metuere, metui, - |
fear; be afraid; stand in fear of; be apprehensive, dread |
| meus, mea, meum |
my; mine, of me, belonging to me; my own; to me |
| milito, militare, militavi, militatus |
serve as soldier, perform military service, serve in the army; wage/make war |
| mille, milis N |
thousand; thousands; miles |
| minister, ministri M |
attendant, servant, waiter; agent, aide; accomplice |
| ministerium, ministeri(i) N |
office, attendance, service, employment, body of helpers; occupation, work |
| miro, mirare, miravi, miratus |
be amazed/surprised/bewildered; look in wonder/awe/admiration at |
| mirus, mira, mirum |
wonderful, strange, remarkable, amazing, surprising, extraordinary |
| misericordia, misericordiae F |
pity, sympathy; compassion, mercy; pathos |
| missio, missionis F |
mission, sending; dismissal, discharge; reprieve |
| missus, missi M |
messenger; legate |
| mitigo, mitigare, mitigavi, mitigatus |
soften; lighten, alleviate; soothe; civilize |
| mitto, mittere, misi, missus |
send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss; disregard |
| moderatio, moderationis F |
moderation; self control; guidance; government, regulation |
| modero, moderare, -, moderatus |
check, slow down, control |
| moles, molis F |
large mass; rock/boulder; heap/lump/pile, bulk; monster; mole/jetty/dam/dike |
| moneo, monere, monui, monitus |
remind, advise, warn; teach; admonish; foretell, presage |
| mons, montis M |
mountain; huge rock; towering heap |
| mula, mulae F |
she-mule; mule |
| muliebris, muliebris, muliebre |
feminine, womanly, female; woman's; womanish, effeminate |
| munus, muneris N |
service; duty, office, function; gift; tribute, offering; bribes |
| muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatus |
move, change, shift, alter, exchange, substitute; modify |
| nascor, nasci, natus sum |
be produced spontaneously, come into existence/being; spring forth, grow; live |
| necdum |
and/but not yet |
| necessitas, necessitatis F |
need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond |
| necessitudo, necessitudinis F |
obligation; bond, connection, affinity; compulsion; needs; poverty; relative |
| neco, necare, necui, nectus |
kill/murder; put to death; suppress, destroy; kill; quench/drown |
| nego, negare, negavi, negatus |
deny, refuse; say... not |
| neo, nere, nevi, netus |
spin; weave; produce by spinning |
| nepos, nepotis |
grandson/daughter; descendant; spendthrift, prodigal, playboy; secondary shoot |
| nequaquam |
by no means |
| nequeo, nequire, nequivi(ii), nequitus |
be unable, cannot |
| neu |
or not, and not |
| nihilum, nihili N |
nothing; nothingness, which does not exist; something valueless; no respect |
| nimius, nimia, nimium |
excessive, too great |
| nitor, niti, nixus sum |
press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on; strive, labor |
| nobilis, nobile, nobilior -or -us, nobilissimus -a -um |
noble, well born; aristocratic; outstanding; important/prominent |
| nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum |
nocturnal, of night, at night, by night |
| nola, nolae F |
Nola; woman of Nola; bell |
| nomino, nominare, nominavi, nominatus |
name, call |
| nosco, noscere, novi, notus |
get to know; learn, find out; become cognizant of/acquainted/familiar with |
| noverca, novercae F |
stepmother |
| nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptus |
marry, be married to |
| nudus, nuda, nudum |
nude; bare, stripped |
| numen, numinis N |
divine will, divinity; god |
| numerus, numeri M |
number/sum/total/rank; numerical strength/plurality; category; tally |
| nummus, nummi M |
coin; cash; money; sesterce |
| nunc |
now, today, at present |
| nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus |
announce/report/bring word/give warning; convey/deliver/relate message/greeting |
| nuptia, nuptiae F |
marriage, nuptials, wedding |
| nusquam |
nowhere; on no occasion |
| nuto, nutare, nutavi, nutatus |
waver, give way |
| o |
Oh! |
| obnitor, obniti, obnixus sum |
thrust/press against; struggle against, offer resistance; make a stand |
| oboedio, oboedire, oboedivi, oboeditus |
obey; listen/harken/submit; be subject/obedient/responsible/a slave |
| obscurus, obscura -um, obscurior -or -us, obscurissimus -a -um |
dim, dark, obscure; dusky, shadowy, only faintly/dimly seen; dingy; gloomy |
| obsequium, obsequi(i) N |
compliance; consideration/deference/solicitude; services |
| obstringo, obstringere, obstrinxi, obstrictus |
confine; involve; oblige, put under an obligation, bind, bind by oath |
| obtentus, obtentus M |
spreading before; cloaking, disguising, pretext |
| obtestatio, obtestationis F |
earnest entreaty, supplication |
| obtestor, obtestari, obtestatus sum |
call to witness; implore |
| obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obtentus |
get hold of; maintain; obtain; hold fast, occupy; prevail |
| obtrecto, obtrectare, obtrectavi, obtrectatus |
detract from; disparage, belittle |
| occido, occidere, occidi, occisus |
kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down; weary, be the death/ruin of |
| occulo, occulere, occului, occultus |
cover; cover up, hide, cover over, conceal |
| odium, odi(i) N |
hate/hatred/dislike/antipathy; odium, unpopularity; boredom/impatience |
| offendo, offendere, offendi, offensus |
offend, give offense; displease/annoy/vex; trouble/upset, hurt |
| offensio, offensionis F |
displeasure; accident |
| olim |
formerly; once, once upon a time; in the future |
| omitto, omittere, omisi, omissus |
lay aside; omit; let go; disregard |
| onero, onerare, oneravi, oneratus |
load, burden; oppress |
| onus, oneris N |
load, burden; cargo |
| onustus, onusta, onustum |
laden |
| opera, operae F |
work, care; aid; service, effort/trouble |
| opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus |
press down; suppress; overthrow; crush, overwhelm, fall upon, oppress |
| orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatus |
equip; dress; decorate, honor; furnish, adorn, garnish, trim |
| oro, orare, oravi, oratus |
beg, ask for, pray; beseech, plead, entreat; worship, adore |
| ostendeo, ostendere, ostendi, - |
show; reveal; make clear, point out, display, exhibit |
| paenitentia, paenitentiae F |
regret; change of mind/attitude; repentance/contrition; penance |
| palus, paludis F |
swamp, marsh |
| pansa, pansae F |
splay-footed |
| pario, parere, peperi, partus |
bear; give birth to; beget, bring forth; produce, lay; create; acquire |
| particeps, (gen.), participis |
sharing in, taking part in |
| parum, minus, minime |
too/very little, not enough/so good, insufficient; less; not at all |
| paternus, paterna, paternum |
father's, paternal; ancestral |
| patrius, patria, patrium |
father's, paternal; ancestral |
| paulus, paula, paulum |
little; small; small amount/quantity of/little bit of |
| pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatus |
sin; do wrong, commit moral offense; blunder, stumble; be wrong |
| pectus, pectoris N |
breast, heart; feeling, soul, mind |
| pellicio, pellicere, pellexi, pellectus |
attract/draw away; allure/seduce/entice/captivate; coax/induce/wheedle/win over |
| penitus, penita, penitum |
inner, inward |
| percello, percellere, perculi, perculsus |
strike down; strike; overpower; dismay, demoralize, upset |
| peregrinus, peregrina, peregrinum |
foreign, strange, alien; exotic |
| perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus |
carry through; bear, endure to the end, suffer; announce |
| perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus |
complete, finish; execute; bring about, accomplish; do thoroughly |
| periculosus, periculosa -um, periculosior -or -us, periculosissimus -a -um |
dangerous, hazardous, perilous; threatening |
| perinde |
in the same way/just as, equally; likewise |
| permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus |
let through; let go through; relinquish; permit, allow; entrust; hurl |
| permodestus, permodesta, permodestum |
very modest, very moderate |
| permoveo, permovere, permovi, permotus |
stir up; move deeply; influence; agitate |
| perscribo, perscribere, perscripsi, perscriptus |
report; describe; write out in full; finish writing, write a detailed record |
| perstringo, perstringere, perstrinxi, perstrictus |
graze, graze against; make tight all over; offend, make unfavorable mention |
| pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, pertentus |
reach; extend; relate to; concerns, pertain to |
| pervicax, (gen.), pervicacis |
stubborn, obstinate; firm, steadfast |
| pessimus, pessima, pessimum |
worst, most incapable; wickedest; most disloyal/unkind; lowest in quality/rank |
| pessum |
to the lowest part, to the bottom, |
| pietas, pietatis F |
responsibility, sense of duty; loyalty; tenderness, goodness; pity; piety |
| plebes, plebei F |
common people, general citizens, commons/plebeians; lower class/ranks; mob/mass |
| plebs, plebis F |
common people, general citizens, commons/plebeians; lower class/ranks; mob/mass |
| poena, poenae F |
penalty, punishment; revenge/retribution |
| pono, ponere, posui, positus |
put/place/set; station/post; pitch; situate; set up; erect |
| pontifex, pontificis M |
high priest/pontiff; bishop; pope |
| populor, populari, populatus sum |
ravage, devastate, lay waste; plunder; despoil, strip |
| porta, portae F |
gate, entrance; city gates; door; avenue; goal |
| possum, posse, potui, - |
be able, can |
| postea |
afterwards |
| postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus |
demand, claim; require; ask/pray for |
| postumus, postuma, postumum |
late/last born, born late in life/after will; posthumous; last/final |
| potens, potentis (gen.), potentior -or -us, potentissimus -a -um |
powerful, strong; capable; mighty |
| potissimus, potissima, potissimum |
chief, principal, most prominent/powerful; strongest; foremost |
| praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus |
present/show/put forward; offer; expose physically oneself; expose/submit/allow |
| praecipuus, praecipua, praecipuum |
particular, especial |
| praeda, praedae F |
booty, loot, spoils, plunder, prey |
| praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectus |
put in charge, place in command |
| praemium, praemi(i) N |
prize, reward; gift; recompense |
| praescribo, praescribere, praescripsi, praescriptus |
order, direct |
| praescriptio, praescriptionis F |
preface/preamble/title/heading; preliminary; precept/rule; pretext/excuse/cover |
| praesens, (gen.), praesentis |
present; at hand; existing; prompt, in person; propitious |
| praesideo, praesidere, praesedi, - |
keep/watch/stand//guard; preside; supervise/govern/control |
| praesidium, praesidi(i) N |
protection; help; guard; garrison, detachment |
| praeter |
besides, except, contrary to; beyond, in front of, before; more than |
| praetor, praetoris M |
praetor; abb. pr. |
| praetura, praeturae F |
praetorship |
| prenso, prensare, prensavi, prensatus |
grasp/clutch at/constantly; lay hold of; accost/buttonhole; canvass, solicit |
| pridem |
some time ago, previously |
| primordium, primordi(i) N |
first beginning, origin, commencement, beginnings |
| primoris, primoris M |
nobles, men of the first rank |
| primus, prima, primum |
first, foremost/best, chief, principal; nearest/next |
| principium, principi(i) N |
beginning |
| prior, prior, prius |
ahead, in front, leading; previous, earlier, preceding, prior; former; basic |
| priscus, prisca, priscum |
ancient, early, former |
| privignus, privigni M |
stepson |
| privo, privare, privavi, privatus |
deprive, rob, free |
| probrum, probri N |
disgrace; abuse, insult; disgrace, shame |
| procax, (gen.), procacis |
pushing, impudent; undisciplined; frivolous |
| procer, proceris M |
nobles, chiefs, princes; leading men of the country/society/profession |
| procido, procidere, procidi, - |
fall prostrate, collapse |
| procumbo, procumbere, procubui, procubitus |
sink down, lie down, lean forward |
| profero, proferre, protuli, prolatus |
bring forward; advance; defer; discover; mention |
| proficio, proficere, profeci, profectus |
make, accomplish, effect |
| prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitus |
hinder, restrain; forbid, prevent |
| proinde |
hence, so then; according to/in the same manner/degree/proportion |
| promo, promere, prompsi, promptus |
take/bring out/forth; bring into view; bring out/display on the stage |
| promptus, prompta -um, promptior -or -us, promptissimus -a -um |
set forth, brought forward, manifest, disclosed; willing, ready, eager, quick |
| pronepos, pronepotis M |
great grandson |
| prope, propius, proxime |
near, nearly; close by; almost |
| propero, properare, properavi, properatus |
hurry, speed up; be quick |
| proprius, propria, proprium |
own, very own; individual; special, particular, characteristic |
| proscriptio, proscriptionis F |
advertisement; notice of confiscation; proscription, pub of names of outlaws |
| protego, protegere, protexi, protectus |
cover, protect |
| provenio, provenire, proveni, proventus |
come forth; come into being; prosper |
| provideo, providere, providi, provisus |
foresee; provide for, make provision; with DAT |
| prudens, prudentis (gen.), prudentior -or -us, prudentissimus -a -um |
aware, skilled; sensible, prudent; farseeing; experienced |
| pudor, pudoris M |
decency, shame; sense of honor; modesty; bashfulness |
| pulcher, pulchra -um, pulchrior -or -us, pulcherrimus -a -um |
pretty; beautiful; handsome; noble, illustrious |
| quadraginta, quadragesimus -a -um, quadrageni -ae -a, quadragie(n)s |
40 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 40s |
| quadringenti -ae -a, quadringentesimus -a -um, quadringeni -ae -a, quadringentie(n)s |
400 times, on 400 occasions- |
| quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus |
search for, seek, strive for; obtain; ask, inquire, demand |
| quando |
when, at what time; at any time |
| quattuor |
4 |
| queo, quire, quivi(ii), quitus |
be able |
| quicumque, cuiuscumque |
who/whatever, no matter who/what, in any time/way, however small |
| quies, quietis F |
quiet, calm, rest, peace; sleep |
| quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus |
rest, keep quiet/calm, be at peace/rest; be inactive/neutral; permit; sleep |
| quingenti -ae -a, quingentesimus -a -um, quingeni -ae -a, quingentie(n)s |
500 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 500s |
| quinque, quintus -a -um, quini -ae -a, quinquie(n)s |
5 times, on 5 occasions- |
| quippe |
of course; as you see; obviously; naturally; by all means |
| quisnam, cuiusnam |
who then?; who in the world? |
| quisque, cuiusque |
each, each one; every, everybody, everything; whatever |
| quisvis, cuiusvis |
any whatever and INDEF whoever it be, whom you please; any whatever |
| quoniam |
because, since, seeing that |
| quoque |
likewise/besides/also/too; not only; even/actually |
| quot, undeclined |
how many; of what number; as many |
| ratio, rationis F |
account, reckoning, invoice; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard |
| recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus |
read aloud, recite; name in writing |
| recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditus |
hide, conceal; put away |
| redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptus |
buy back, recover, replace by purchase; buy up; make good, fulfill |
| redintegro, redintegrare, redintegravi, redintegratus |
renew; revive |
| regnum, regni N |
royal power; power; control; kingdom |
| relatio, relationis F |
laying of matter before Senate, such motion; referring back case to magistrate |
| religio, religionis F |
supernatural constraint/taboo; obligation; sanction; worship; rite; sanctity |
| relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus |
leave behind, abandon; be left, remain; bequeath |
| reliquus, reliqua, reliquum |
rest of/remaining/available/left; surviving; future/further; yet to be/owed |
| remedium, remedi(i) N |
remedy, cure; medicine |
| remitto, remittere, remisi, remissus |
send back, remit; throw back, relax, diminish |
| renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus |
renew, restore; revive |
| repello, repellere, repuli, repulsus |
drive/push/thrust back/away; repel/rebuff/spurn; fend off; exclude/bar; refute |
| repeto, repetere, repetivi, repetitus |
return to; get back; demand back/again; repeat; recall; claim |
| resolvo, resolvere, resolvi, resolutus |
loosen, release, disperse, melt; relax; pay; enervate, pay back; break up |
| reticeo, reticere, reticui, - |
keep silent; give no reply; refrain from speaking/mentioning; leave unsaid |
| reus, rea, reum |
liable to; guilty |
| rite |
duly, according to religious usage, with due observance; solemnly; well |
| rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus |
ask, ask for; invite; introduce |
| rogus, rogi M |
funeral pyre |
| romanus, romana, romanum |
Roman |
| rumor, rumoris M |
hearsay, rumor, gossip; reputation; shouting |
| ruo, ruere, rui, rutus |
destroy, ruin, overthrow; rush on, run; fall; charge; be ruined |
| rursum |
turned back, backward; on the contrary/other hand, in return, in turn, again |
| sacerdos, sacerdotis |
priest, priestess |
| sacramentum, sacramenti N |
sum deposited in a civil process, guaranty; oath of allegiance; sacrament |
| saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus |
surround/envelop/enfold/encircle; clothe/cover/protect; close/seal off; shut in |
| saevitia, saevitiae F |
rage, fierceness, ferocity; cruelty, barbarity, violence |
| saevus, saeva -um, saevior -or -us, saevissimus -a -um |
savage; fierce/ferocious; violent/wild/raging; cruel, harsh, severe; vehement |
| sancio, sancire, sanxi, sanctus |
confirm, ratify; sanction; fulfill; enact; ordain; dedicate |
| sanus, sana, sanum |
sound; healthy; sensible; sober; sane |
| satis |
enough, adequately; sufficiently; well enough, quite; fairly, pretty |
| scilicet |
one may know, certainly; of course |
| scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus |
write; compose |
| secor, seci, secutus sum |
follow; escort/attend/accompany; aim at/reach after/strive for/make for/seek |
| secretus, secreta -um, secretior -or -us, secretissimus -a -um |
separate, apart; private, secret; remote; hidden |
| securitas, securitatis F |
freedom from care; carelessness; safety, security |
| sedecim, -, -, sedecie(n)s |
|
| sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus |
sit, remain; settle; encamp |
| semel |
once, on one occasion |
| semper |
always |
| sempiternus, sempiterna, sempiternum |
perpetual/everlasting/permanent/eternal; lasting forever/for relevant period |
| senatus, senata, senatum |
Sienna-earth-colored |
| senesco, senescere, senui, - |
grow old; grow weak, be in a decline; become exhausted |
| senex, senis (gen.), senior -or -us, - |
aged, old |
| senilis, senilis, senile |
senile, aged |
| sententia, sententiae F |
opinion, feeling, way of thinking; thought, meaning, sentence/period; purpose |
| sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus |
perceive, feel, experience; think, realize, see, understand |
| separo, separare, separavi, separatus |
divide, distinguish; separate |
| sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, sepultus |
bury/inter; submerge, overcome; suppress; ruin |
| septem |
7 |
| servus, servi M |
slave; servant |
| set |
but, but also; yet; however, but in fact/truth; not to mention; yes but |
| sex, sextus -a -um, seni -ae -a, sexie(n)s |
6th-; 6th |
| sex |
6 |
| signum, signi N |
battle standard; indication; seal; sign, proof; signal; image, statue |
| silentium, silenti(i) N |
silence |
| simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus |
imitate, copy; pretend; look like; simulate; counterfeit; feint |
| socio, sociare, sociavi, sociatus |
unite, join, ally; share in |
| socordia, socordiae F |
sluggishness, torpor, inaction |
| soleo, solere, solitus sum |
be in the habit of; become accustomed to |
| solor, solari, solatus sum |
solace, console, comfort; soothe, ease, lighten, relieve, assuage, mitigate |
| solus, sola, solum (gen -ius) |
only, single; lonely; alone, having no companion/friend/protector; unique |
| solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus |
loosen, release, unbind, untie, free; open; set sail; scatter; pay off/back |
| sordidus, sordida -um, sordidior -or -us, sordidissimus -a -um |
dirty, unclean, foul, filthy; vulgar, sordid; low, base, mean, paltry; vile |
| soror, sororis F |
sister |
| species, speciei F |
sight, appearance, show; splendor, beauty; kind, type |
| spons, spontis F |
free will |
| statim |
at once, immediately |
| sterilis, sterilis, sterile |
barren, sterile; fruitless; unprofitable, futile |
| stipendium, stipendi(i) N |
tribute, stipend; pay, wages; military service |
| strabo, strabonis M |
squinter |
| struo, struere, struxi, structus |
build, construct |
| subdo, subdere, subdidi, subditus |
place under, apply; supply |
| subdolus, subdola, subdolum |
sly, deceitful, treacherous |
| subicio, subicere, subjeci, subjectus |
throw under, place under; make subject; expose |
| subnixus, subnixa, subnixum |
relying on; elated by |
| successor, successoris M |
successor |
| sufficio, sufficere, suffeci, suffectus |
be sufficient, suffice; stand up to; be capable/qualified; provide, appoint |
| sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus |
take up; begin; suppose, assume; select; purchase; exact; obtain |
| superbio, superbire, superbivi, superbitus |
show/have pride/disdain; be proud/gorgeous/superb/magnificent |
| supero, superare, superavi, superatus |
overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; surpass, be above, have the upper hand |
| supersum, superesse, superfui, superfuturus |
be left over; survive; be in excess/superfluous; remain to be performed |
| suspecto, suspectare, suspectavi, suspectatus |
suspect; mistrust, be suspicious of; suspect the presence of evil; gaze up at |
| suspendo, suspendere, suspendi, suspensus |
hang up, suspend |
| suspicax, (gen.), suspicacis |
mistrustful |
| suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus |
look up to; admire |
| talis, talis, tale |
such; so great; so excellent; of such kind |
| tam |
so, so much; to such an extent/degree; nevertheless, all the same |
| tandem |
finally; at last, in the end; after some time, eventually; at length |
| tantus, tanta, tantum |
of such size; so great, so much |
| tegmen, tegminis N |
covering/cover/protection; clothing; body armor; skin/shell/husk |
| tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus |
combine, blend, temper; make mild; refrain from; control oneself |
| templum, templi N |
temple, church; shrine; holy place |
| tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatus |
test, try; urge; worry; bribe |
| tempus, temporis N |
time, condition, right time; season, occasion; necessity |
| teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus |
hold, keep; comprehend; possess; master; preserve |
| tentorium, tentori(i) N |
tent |
| terminus, termini M |
boundary, limit, end; terminus |
| terra, terrae F |
earth, land, ground; country, region |
| terror, terroris M |
terror, panic, alarm, fear |
| tertius, tertia, tertium |
third |
| testamentum, testamenti N |
will, testament; covenant |
| theatralis, theatralis, theatrale |
theatrical, of the stage |
| titulus, tituli M |
title; label; heading; placard/tablet; pretext, ostensible motive |
| toga, togae F |
toga |
| tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus |
bear, endure, tolerate |
| totus, tota, totum (gen -ius) |
whole, all, entire, total, complete; every part; all together/at once |
| tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus |
draw, haul, pull, drag about; handle, manage, treat, discuss |
| trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus |
hand over, surrender; deliver; bequeath; relate |
| transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatus |
transport/convey/transfer/shift; transpose; carry/bring across/over; transplant |
| trecenti -ae -a, trecentesimus -a -um, treceni -ae -a, trecentie(n)s |
300 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 300s |
| tribunal, tribunalis N |
raised platform; tribunal; judgement seat |
| tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus |
divide, assign; present; grant, allot, bestow, attribute |
| tribus, tribus F |
third part of the people; tribe, hereditary division |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
30 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 30s |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
30 times, on 30 occasions- |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
|
| triumphalis, triumphalis, triumphale |
of celebration of a triumph; having triumphal status; triumphant |
| triumvir, triumviri M |
triumvir, commissioner; triumviri, a three-man board |
| trunco, truncare, truncavi, truncatus |
maim, mutilate; strip of branches, foliage; cut off |
| tu |
you |
| tunc |
then, thereupon, at that time |
| turba, turbae F |
commotion, uproar, turmoil, tumult, disturbance; crowd, mob, multitude |
| tutela, tutelae F |
tutelage, guardianship |
| ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum |
avenge; punish |
| uligo, uliginis F |
waterlogged ground, marsh |
| ultra, ulterius, ultimum |
beyond, further; on the other side; more, more than, in addition, besides |
| umerus, umeri M |
upper arm, shoulder |
| umquam |
ever, at any time |
| universus, universa, universum |
whole, entire; all together; all; universal |
| urbs, urbis F |
city; City of Rome |
| usque |
up to |
| usurpo, usurpare, usurpavi, usurpatus |
seize upon, usurp; use |
| uter, utra, utrum |
which, whichever, no matter which; one, either, one or other |
| utilitas, utilitatis F |
usefulness, advantage |
| vacatio, vacationis F |
freedom, exemption; privilege |
| vagus, vaga, vagum |
roving, wandering |
| vanus, vana, vanum |
empty, vain; false, untrustworthy |
| varianus, variana, varianum |
diverse-colored; variegated; of Varus |
| vectigal, vectigalis N |
tax, tribute, revenue |
| veho, vehere, vexi, vectus |
bear, carry, convey; pass, ride, sail |
| venenum, veneni N |
poison; drug |
| venio, venire, veni, ventus |
come |
| vero |
yes; in truth; certainly; truly, to be sure; however |
| verus, vera -um, verior -or -us, verissimus -a -um |
true, real, genuine, actual; properly named; well founded; right, fair, proper |
| vespera, vesperae F |
evening, even-tide |
| vestis, vestis F |
garment, clothing, blanket; clothes; robe |
| veteranus, veterana, veteranum |
old, veteran |
| veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus |
forbid, prohibit; reject, veto; be an obstacle to; prevent |
| vetus, veteris |
old/ancient times, antiquity; earlier events; old traditions/ways |
| vetus, veteris (gen.), veterior -or -us, veterrimus -a -um |
old, aged, ancient; former; veteran, experienced; long standing, chronic |
| vexillum, vexilli N |
flag, banner |
| victor, (gen.), victoris |
triumphant |
| victoria, victoriae F |
victory |
| viginti, vicesimus -a -um, viceni -ae -a, vicie(n)s |
20 times, on 20 occasions- |
| vinculum, vinculi N |
chain, bond, fetter; imprisonment |
| vir, viri M |
man; husband; hero; person of courage, honor, and nobility |
| virgo, virginis F |
maiden, young woman, girl of marriageable age; virgin, woman sexually intact |
| viritim |
man by man; individually |
| vivo, vivere, vixi, victus |
be alive, live; survive; reside |
| vocabulum, vocabuli N |
noun, common/concrete noun; word used to designate thing/idea, term, name |
| voluntas, voluntatis F |
will, desire; purpose; good will; wish, favor, consent |
| voveo, vovere, vovi, votus |
vow, dedicate, consecrate |
| vulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, vulgatus |
spread around/among the multitude; publish, divulge, circulate; prostitute |
| vulgus, vulgi N |
common people/general public/multitude/common herd/rabble/crowd/mob; flock |