| Academia, Academiae F |
academy, university; gymnasium where Plato taught; school built by Cicero |
| Achaeus, Achaei |
Greek |
| Aeschinus, Aeschini |
Aeschinus |
| Afer, Afra, Afrum |
African; of/connected with Africa |
| Africanus, Africana, Africanum |
African; from/of Africa; plants/animals from Africa |
| Agrippa, Agrippae M |
Agrippa |
| Alexander, Alexandri M |
Alexander |
| Antonius, Antonia, Antonium |
Antony/Anthony |
| Apollo, Apollinis M |
Apollo |
| Archias, Archiae M |
Archius; Greek poet defended by Cicero |
| Asia, Asiae F |
Asia; Asia Minor; the East |
| Atheniensis, Atheniensis, Atheniense |
Athenian, of Athens; of inhabitants of Athens/Athenians |
| Atticus, Attica, Atticum |
Attic, Athenian; classic, elegant |
| Aulus, Auli M |
Aulus |
| Britannia, Britanniae F |
Britain |
| Capua, Capuae F |
Capua; chief city of Campania |
| Cassius, Cassi M |
Cassius |
| Catilina, Catilinae |
Catiline, conspirator against Rome |
| Claudius, Claudia, Claudium |
Claudius; Roman gens; the Lame |
| Constantius, Constantii M |
Constantius |
| December, Decembris, Decembre |
December; abb. Dec.; of/pertaining to December |
| Dolabella, Dolabellae M |
Dolabella |
| Ephesos, Ephesi F |
Ephesus, city in Asia Minor |
| Fabius, Fabi M |
Fabius; Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator, hero second Punic War |
| Gaius, Gai M |
Gaius |
| Galba, Galbae M |
Galba |
| Gallus, Galla, Gallum |
Gallic, of Gaul/the Gauls; class of gladiator w/Gallic armor |
| Graecia, Graeciae F |
Greece |
| Graeculus, Graecula, Graeculum |
Grecian, Greek |
| Hispania, Hispaniae F |
Spain; Spanish peninsula |
| Idus, Idus F |
Ides, abb. Id.; 15th of month, March, May, July, Oct., 13th elsewhen |
| Italia, Italiae F |
Italy |
| Julius, Julia, Julium |
Julius; Roman gens/family; of a/the Julians |
| Julius, Juli M |
Julius |
| Latinus, Latina, Latinum |
Latin; of Latium; of/in Latin; Roman/Italian |
| Licinius, Licinia, Licinium |
Licinian; of Licenius gens |
| Macedo, Macedonis M |
Macedonian, one from Macedonia; Macedonia, the territory; men Macedonian armed |
| Marcus, Marci M |
Marcus |
| Milo, Milonis M |
Milo |
| Nero, Neronis M |
Nero |
| Num., abb. |
Numerius |
| Otho, Othonis M |
Otho |
| P., abb. |
Publius |
| Peripateticus, Peripatetica, Peripateticum |
of/belonging to the Peripatetic school of philosophy |
| Perses, Persae M |
Persian, native of Persia |
| Philippus, Philippi M |
Philip |
| Plato, Platonos/is M |
Plato |
| Publius, Publi M |
Publius |
| Q., abb. |
Quintus |
| Scipio, Scipionis M |
Scipio |
| Servius, Servi M |
Servius |
| Sophocles, Sophoclis M |
Sophocles |
| Spes, Spei F |
Spes, goddess of hope; hope personified |
| Stoicus, Stoica, Stoicum |
Stoic |
| Sulla, Sullae M |
Sulla |
| T., abb. |
Titus, Roman praenomen |
| Tiberius, Tiberi M |
Tiberius; abb. Ti./Tib. |
| Tullius, Tulli M |
Tullius; M. Tullius Cicero, orator |
| Ulixes, Ulixeis M |
Ulysses/Odysseus |
| Vitellius, Vitelli M |
Vitellius |
| abhorreo, abhorrere, abhorrui, - |
abhor, shrink back; be averse to, shudder at; differ from; be inconsistent |
| abjectus, abjecta -um, abjectior -or -us, abjectissimus -a -um |
downcast, dejected; humble, low, common, mean; subservient; base, sordid, vile |
| abjicio, abjicere, abjeci, abjectus |
throw/cast away/down/aside; abandon; slight; humble; debase; sell too cheaply |
| abnueo, abnuere, -, - |
refuse, decline; deny; refuse by a sign, shake head; reject; rule out |
| absens, (gen.), absentis |
absent, missing, away, gone; physically elsewhere, non-existent |
| absolutus, absoluta -um, absolutior -or -us, absolutissimus -a -um |
fluent; fully developed, complete, finished; perfect, pure; unconditional |
| abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abstentus |
withhold, keep away/clear; abstain, fast; refrain; avoid; keep hands of |
| absum, abesse, afui, afuturus |
be away/absent/distant/missing; be free/removed from; be lacking; be distinct |
| abundo, abundare, abundavi, abundatus |
abound, have in large measure; overdo, exceed; overflow; be rich/numerous |
| academicus, academica, academicum |
academic; of the Academy/Academic philosophy/Cicero's Academics |
| accieo, acciere, accivi, accitus |
send for, summon, fetch; invite; commit suicide |
| accingo, accingere, accinxi, accinctus |
gird on or about, surround; equip, provide; get ready, prepare |
| accommodo, accommodare, accommodavi, accommodatus |
adapt, adjust to, fit, suit; apply to, fasten on; apply/devote oneself to |
| accumulo, accumulare, accumulavi, accumulatus |
accumulate, heap/pile up/soil; add by exaggeration; add, increase, enhance |
| accuratus, accurata -um, accuratior -or -us, accuratissimus -a -um |
accurate, exact, with care, meticulous; carefully performed/prepared; finished |
| actio, actionis F |
act, action, activity, deed; incident; , plot; legal process, suit; plea |
| actor, actoris M |
actor, performer, doer; advocate; plaintiff; agent; player |
| adcommodo, adcommodare, adcommodavi, adcommodatus |
adapt, adjust to, fit, suit; apply to, fasten on; apply/devote oneself to |
| adfirmo, adfirmare, adfirmavi, adfirmatus |
affirm/assert; confirm, ratify, restore; emphasize |
| adfluo, adfluere, adfluxi, adfluxus |
flow on/to/towards/by; glide/drift quietly; flock together, throng; abound |
| adgredior, adgredi, adgressus sum |
approach, advance; attack, assail; undertake, seize, attempt |
| adgrego, adgregare, adgregavi, adgregatus |
collect, include, group, implicate; flock/join together, attach |
| adhuc |
thus far, till now, to this point; hitherto; yet, as yet; still; besides |
| adicio, adicere, adjeci, adjectus |
add, increase, raise; add to; suggest; hurl; throw to/at |
| adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum |
gain, secure, win, obtain; arrive at, come up to/into; inherit; overtake |
| adjungo, adjungere, adjunxi, adjunctus |
add, attach, join to, add to, support; apply to; harness, yoke; direct; confer |
| adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvavi, adjuvatus |
help, aid, abet, encourage, favor; cherish, sustain; be of use, be profitable |
| adligo, adligare, adligavi, adligatus |
bind/fetter; bandage; hinder, impede, detain; accuse; implicate/involve in |
| adminiculum, adminiculi N |
prop, pole, stake; support, stay, bulwark; means, aid, tool; auxiliary |
| administratio, administrationis F |
administration |
| admirabilis, admirabilis, admirabile |
admirable, wonderful; strange, astonishing, remarkable; paradoxical, contrary |
| admiratio, admirationis F |
wonder, surprise, astonishment; admiration, veneration, regard; marvel |
| admirator, admiratoris M |
admirer; one who venerates |
| admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus |
urge on, put to a gallop; let in, admit, receive; grant, permit, let go |
| admodum |
very, exceedingly, greatly, quite; excessively; just so; certainly, completely |
| admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus |
admonish, remind, prompt; suggest, advise, raise; persuade, urge; warn, caution |
| admoveo, admovere, admovi, admotus |
move up, bring up/near; lean on, conduct; draw near, approach; apply, add |
| adnuo, adnuere, adnui, adnutus |
designate by a nod; indicate, declare; nod assent; smile on; agree to, grant |
| adolesco, adolescere, adolui, adultus |
grow up, mature, reach manhood/peak; become established/strong; grow, increase |
| adprehendo, adprehendere, adprehendi, adprehensus |
seize, grasp, cling to, lay hold of; apprehend; embrace; overtake |
| adquiro, adquirere, adquisivi, adquisitus |
acquire besides/in addition, obtain, gain, win, get; add to stock; accrue |
| adrideo, adridere, adrisi, adrisus |
smile at/upon; please, be pleasing/satisfactory; be/seem familiar |
| adrogo, adrogare, adrogavi, adrogatus |
ask, question; arrogate to one's self, claim, make undue claim; confer |
| adscisco, adsciscere, adscivi, adscitus |
adopt, assume; receive, admit, approve of, associate; take over, claim |
| adscribo, adscribere, adscripsi, adscriptus |
add/state in writing, insert; appoint; enroll, enfranchise; reckon, number |
| adsector, adsectari, adsectatus sum |
accompany, attend, escort; support, be an adherent, follow; court |
| adsentio, adsentire, adsensi, adsensus |
assent, approve, agree in opinion; admit the truth of, agree |
| adstrictus, adstricta -um, adstrictior -or -us, adstrictissimus -a -um |
bound, tied; terse, brief, restrained; constricted, dense, compact |
| adsuefacio, adsuefacere, adsuefeci, adsuefactus |
accustom, habituate, inure; make accustomed/used, train |
| adsuesco, adsuescere, adsuevi, adsuetus |
accustom, become/grow accustomed to/used to/intimate with; make familiar |
| adsumo, adsumere, adsumpsi, adsumptus |
take, adopt/raise, use; assume/receive; insert/add; usurp/claim |
| adsurgo, adsurgere, adsurrexi, adsurrectus |
rise/stand up, rise to one's feet/from bed; climb, lift oneself; grow; soar |
| adulatio, adulationis F |
flattery, adulation; prostrating oneself; fawning, courtship |
| adulescens, adulescentis (gen.), adulescentior -or -us, adulescentissimus -a -um |
young, youthful; "minor" |
| advena, advenae |
foreigner, immigrant, visitor from abroad; newcomer, interloper; migrant |
| advocatio, advocationis F |
legal support/advisors; delay, adjournment, postponement; pleading in courts |
| advocatus, advocati M |
counselor, advocate, professional pleader; witness, supporter, mediator |
| advoco, advocare, advocavi, advocatus |
call, summon, invite, convoke, call for; call in as counsel; invoke the Gods |
| aedificium, aedifici(i) N |
building; edifice, structure |
| aeger, aegra -um, aegrior -or -us, aegerrimus -a -um |
sick/ill, infirm; unsound, injured; painful, grievous; corrupt; sad/sorrowful |
| aemulus, aemula, aemulum |
envious, jealous, grudging, comparable/equal |
| aequalis, aequale, aequalior -or -us, aequalissimus -a -um |
equal, similar; uniform, level, flat; of the same age/generation/duration |
| aequitas, aequitatis F |
justice, equity, fairness, impartiality; symmetry, conformity; evenness |
| aer, aeris |
air; atmosphere, sky; cloud, mist, weather; breeze; odor |
| aevum, aevi N |
time, time of life, age, old age, generation; passage/lapse of time; all time |
| ager, agri M |
field, ground; farm, land, estate, park; territory, country; terrain; soil |
| agmen, agminis N |
stream; herd, flock, troop, crowd; marching army, column, line; procession |
| aio, -, - |
say, assert; say yes/so, affirm, assent; prescribe/lay down |
| alacris, alacris, alacre |
eager/keen/spirited; quick/brisk; active/lively; courageous/ready; cheerful |
| aliquod, undeclined |
some/several/a few people; more than one; a number |
| altercatio, altercationis F |
contention, dispute, wrangle, altercation; debate, argument, repartee |
| altitudo, altitudinis F |
height, altitude; depth; loftiness, profundity, noblemindedness, secrecy |
| alumnus, alumna, alumnum |
nourished, brought up; reared/fostered by; native, brought up locally |
| amaritudo, amaritudinis F |
bitterness; sharpness, tang, pungency; harshness |
| amarus, amara -um, amarior -or -us, amarissimus -a -um |
bitter, brackish, pungent; harsh, shrill; sad, calamitous; ill-natured, caustic |
| ambio, ambire, ambivi, ambitus |
go round, visit in rotation, inspect; solicit, canvass; circle, embrace |
| ambitio, ambitionis F |
ambition; desire for/currying favor/popularity, flattery; vote canvassing; pomp |
| ambivium, ambivi(i) N |
road junction, meeting of two roads |
| amo, amare, amavi, amatus |
love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to |
| amplitudo, amplitudinis F |
greatness; extent, breadth, width, bulk; importance; fullness |
| amplus, ampla -um, amplior -or -us, amplissimus -a -um |
great, large, spacious, wide, ample; distinguished, important, honorable |
| amputo, amputare, amputavi, amputatus |
lop/cut off, prune, shorten; amputate; eradicate, exclude, take away; castrate |
| ancilla, ancillae F |
slave girl; maid servant; handmaid; nun |
| angustia, angustiae F |
narrow passage/place/space, defile; strait, pass; difficulties; meanness |
| anhelo, anhelare, anhelavi, anhelatus |
pant, gasp; breathe/gasp out, belch forth, exhale; utter breathlessly |
| annalis, annalis M |
book of annuals/chronicles; annals, chronicle, history, yearbooks |
| anteeo, anteire, anteivi(ii), anteitus |
go/walk before/ahead, precede, antedate; surpass; anticipate; prevent |
| antefero, anteferre, antetuli, antelatus |
carry before; place before/in front of; bring in advance, anticipate; prefer |
| antequam |
before, sooner than; until |
| anxietas, anxietatis F |
anxiety, worry, solicitude; carefulness, extreme care |
| anxius, anxia, anxium |
anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful; prepared with care; troublesome |
| aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus |
uncover, open, disclose; explain, recount; reveal; found; excavate; spread out |
| appareo, apparere, apparui, apparitus |
appear; be evident/visible/noticed/found; show up, occur; serve |
| apparo, apparare, apparavi, apparatus |
prepare, fit out, make ready, equip, provide; attempt; organize |
| appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus |
call; address; dun; solicit; appeal; bring to court; accuse; name |
| arbiter, arbitri M |
eye-witness, on-looker; umpire, judge, arbiter; overseer, lord; executor |
| arcanus, arcana, arcanum |
secret, private, hidden; intimate, personal; confidential; mysterious, esoteric |
| arguo, arguere, argui, argutus |
prove, argue, allege; disclose; accuse, complain of, charge, blame, convict |
| aridus, arida -um, aridior -or -us, aridissimus -a -um |
dry, arid, parched; water/rain-less; used dry, dried; thirsty; poor; shriveled |
| arripio, arripere, arripui, arreptus |
take hold of; seize, snatch; arrest; assail; pick up, absorb |
| artificium, artifici(i) N |
art/craft/trade; skill/talent/craftsmanship; art work; method/trick; technology |
| arx, arcis F |
citadel, stronghold, city; height, hilltop; Capitoline hill; defense, refuge |
| ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus |
climb; go/climb up; mount, scale; mount up, embark; rise, ascend, move upward |
| aspernor, aspernari, aspernatus sum |
despise, scorn, disdain; spurn, push away, repel, reject; refuse, decline |
| aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus |
look/gaze on/at, see, observe, behold, regard; face; consider, contemplate |
| assiduitas, assiduitatis F |
attendance, constant presence/attention/practice, care; recurrence, repetition |
| atqui |
but, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, well/but now; and yet, still |
| atrox, atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um |
fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful |
| attento, attentare, attentavi, attentatus |
attack, assail; call into question; try to seduce/use; make an attempt on, try |
| attineo, attinere, attinui, attentus |
hold on/to/near/back/together/fast; restrain, keep, retain; delay |
| attingo, attingere, attigi, attactus |
touch, touch/border on; reach, arrive at, achieve; mention briefly; belong to |
| auctor, auctoris |
seller, vendor; originator; historian; authority; proposer, supporter; founder |
| audacia, audaciae F |
boldness, daring, courage, confidence; recklessness, effrontery, audacity |
| audax, audacis (gen.), audacior -or -us, audacissimus -a -um |
bold, daring; courageous; reckless, rash; audacious, presumptuous; desperate |
| audens, audentis (gen.), audentior -or -us, audentissimus -a -um |
daring, bold, courageous; characterized by boldness/license of expression |
| augeo, augere, auxi, auctus |
increase, enlarge, augment; spread; honor, promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of |
| aureus, aurea, aureum |
of gold, golden; gilded; gold bearing; gleaming like gold; beautiful, splendid |
| aurum, auri N |
gold, gold money, riches |
| auspicor, auspicari, auspicatus sum |
take auspices; seek omens; begin with auspices, make ceremonial start; portend |
| ausum, -, -, - |
intend, be prepared; dare, act boldly, risk |
| aversor, aversari, aversatus sum |
turn oneself away in disgust/horror, recoil; avoid, shun; refuse, reject |
| beatus, beata -um, beatior -or -us, beatissimus -a -um |
happy, fortunate, bringing happiness; rich, wealthy, copious, sumptuous |
| bellum, belli N |
war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; war; military force, arms |
| bellus, bella -um, bellior -or -us, bellissimus -a -um |
pretty, handsome, charming, pleasant, agreeable, polite; nice, fine, excellent |
| beneficium, benefici(i) N |
kindness, favor, benefit, service, help; privilege, right |
| bestia, bestiae F |
beast, animal, creature; wild beast/animal, beast of prey in arena |
| bibliothece, bibliotheces F |
library |
| bilis, bilis F |
gall, bile; wrath, anger, indignation; madness, melancholy, folly |
| bis |
twice |
| brevitas, brevitatis F |
shortness, smallness, narrowness; brevity, conciseness, terseness |
| breviter, brevitius, brevitissime |
shortly, briefly, in a nut shell; quickly; for/within a short distance/time |
| caecus, caeca -um, caecior -or -us, caecissimus -a -um |
blind; unseeing; dark, gloomy, hidden, secret; aimless, confused, random; rash |
| caelestis, caeleste, caelestior -or -us, caelestissimus -a -um |
heavenly, of heavens/sky, from heaven/sky; celestial; divine; of the Gods |
| caelia, caeliae F |
kind of beer |
| caelus, caeli M |
heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah |
| caementum, caementi N |
small stones, rubble; quarry stones; chips |
| calamister, calamistri M |
curling-tongs/iron; excessive flourish in discourse |
| campus, campi M |
plain; level field/surface; open space for battle/games; sea; scope; campus |
| cano, canere, cecini, cantus |
sing, celebrate, chant; crow; recite; play/sound; foretell |
| canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatus |
sing; play; recite; praise, celebrate; forewarn; enchant, bewitch |
| canutus, canuta, canutum |
gray |
| captivitas, captivitatis F |
captivity/bondage; capture/act of being captured; blindness; captives |
| carbo, carbonis M |
charcoal; glowing coal; pencil/marker; worthless thing; charred remains; coal |
| careo, carere, carui, caritus |
be without/absent from/devoid of/free from; miss; abstain from, lack, lose |
| caro, carere, -, - |
card/comb |
| castus, casta -um, castior -or -us, castissimus -a -um |
pure, moral; chaste, virtuous, pious; sacred; spotless; free from/untouched by |
| causidicus, causidici M |
advocate, barrister; pleader of causes |
| cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus |
go/pass; withdraw/retire/leave; step aside/make way; take place of |
| celeber, celebris -e, celebrior -or -us, celeberrimus -a -um |
famous, celebrated, renowned; honored, distinguished; famed; notorious |
| celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus |
celebrate/perform; frequent; honor/glorify; publicize/advertise; discuss/bandy |
| cellula, cellulae F |
small/slave's room; lowly apartment/dwelling/hut; porter's lodge; whore's crib |
| censeo, censere, censui, censitus |
think/suppose, judge; recommend; decree, vote, determine; count/reckon; assess |
| censor, censoris M |
censor, magistrate for registration/census; censurer, critic |
| centumvir, centumviri M |
panel of judges chosen annually to decide civil suits |
| centumviralis, centumviralis, centumvirale |
of/belonging to/pertaining to centumviri/its jurisdiction |
| certo, certare, certavi, certatus |
vie, contest, contend/struggle, dispute; fight, strive |
| cio, cire, civi(ii), citus |
move, set in motion; excite/rouse/stir up; urge on; summon/muster/call up |
| circumcido, circumcidere, circumcidi, circumcisus |
cut/make incision around, ring; clip; circumcise; cut out; remove; diminish |
| circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus |
surround; envelop, post/put/place/build around; enclose; beset; pass around |
| circumfundo, circumfundere, circumfudi, circumfusus |
pour around |
| circumsto, circumstare, circumsteti, circumstatus |
stand/gather/crowd around, surround, beset; be on either side |
| citrum, citri N |
wood of citron tree; furniture/table made of citron/citrus-wood |
| civilis, civilis, civile |
of/affecting fellow citizens; civil; legal; public; political; unassuming |
| civis, civis |
fellow citizen; countryman/woman; citizen, free person; a Roman citizen |
| clam |
without knowledge of, unknown to; concealed/secret from |
| claresco, clarescere, clarui, - |
be illuminated; become bright/evident/clear; become loud or famous/notorious |
| clarus, clara -um, clarior -or -us, clarissimus -a -um |
clear, bright, gleaming; loud, distinct; evident, plain; illustrious, famous |
| claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus |
close, shut, block up; conclude, finish; blockade, besiege; enclose; confine |
| clausula, clausulae F |
end/conclusion; close; clause |
| clavus, clavi M |
callus, wart, tumor, excrescence; foul brood in bees; fungus disease in olives |
| clementia, clementiae F |
mercy/clemency; compassion; indulgence/forbearance; gentleness, mildness, calm |
| clientulus, clientuli M |
mere/small/insignificant client; petty vassal |
| cludo, cludere, clusi, clusus |
close, shut, block up; conclude, finish; blockade, besiege; enclose; confine |
| coarto, coartare, coartavi, coartatus |
narrow; hem in, pack/crowd/bring/fit close together, restrict; shorten/abridge |
| codicillus, codicilli M |
notepad, small log; writing tablets; patent; petition to Emperor; will/codicil |
| coeo, coire, coivi(ii), coitus |
fit together; have sexual intercourse; collect/gather; meet; rally |
| cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus |
think; consider, reflect on, ponder; imagine, picture; intend, look forward to |
| cognatio, cognationis F |
blood relation/relationship; kinsmen/relatives, family; consanguinity; affinity |
| cognitio, cognitionis F |
examination, inquiry/investigation; acquiring knowledge; recognition |
| collega, collegae |
colleague; associate, fellow |
| colos, coloris M |
color; pigment; shade/tinge; complexion; outward appearance/show; excuse/pretex |
| comes, comitis |
Count, Earl; official, magnate; occupant of any state office |
| comitium, comiti(i) N |
place in Forum where comitia were held; comitia, assembly; elections |
| commemoratio, commemorationis F |
remembrance/commemoration; observance; memory; mention/citation/reference |
| commendatio, commendationis F |
entrusting, committal; recommendation, praise; excellence; approval, esteem |
| commentarius, commentari(i) M |
notebook, private/historical journal; register; memo/note; commentary/treatise |
| comminus |
hand to hand, in close combat/quarters; close at hand; in presence of |
| committo, committere, commisi, commissus |
bring together, unite/join, connect/attach; put together, construct; entrust |
| commodo, commodare, commodavi, commodatus |
lend, hire; give, bestow, provide; put at disposal of, oblige; make fit, adapt |
| commodus, commoda -um, commodior -or -us, commodissimus -a -um |
suitable, convenient, obliging; opportune/timely; favorable/lucky; advantageous |
| commoveo, commovere, commovi, commotus |
shake/stir up, agitate; displace, disturb, trouble/worry, upset; jolt; excite |
| communis, communis, commune |
common/joint/public; general/universal |
| comparatio, comparationis F |
construction; material/constituent; combination/conjunction; relationship |
| compello, compellere, compuli, compulsus |
drive together, round up; force, compel, impel, drive; squeeze; gnash |
| comperendinatio, comperendinationis F |
adjournment of a trial for two days |
| comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus |
catch/seize/grasp firmly; arrest; take hold/root/fire, ignite; conceive |
| concentus, concentus M |
singing/playing/shouting together; harmony; concord; tune; choir |
| concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus |
unite, bring together/about; cause; win over, attract; acquire, procure, buy |
| concipio, concipere, concepi, conceptus |
take in/up, receive, catch; derive/draw; contain/hold; grasp; adopt; wed |
| concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus |
stir up, disturb; discharge/hurl; flow rapidly/strong current; rush |
| concludo, concludere, conclusi, conclusus |
shut up, confine; contain, limit; close; include; conceal, keep secret |
| concordia, concordiae F |
concurrence/mutual agreement/harmony/peace; rapport/amity/concord/union; friend |
| concurro, concurrere, concurri, concursus |
run/assemble/knock/snap together; agree, fit, concur; coincide; make same claim |
| condicio, condicionis F |
agreement/contract; terms, proposal/option/alternative; situation; stipulation |
| condiscipulus, condiscipuli M |
fellow pupil/student; schoolfellow, schoolmate; fellow disciple |
| conduco, conducere, conduxi, conductus |
draw/bring together, collect, assemble; unite/join; cause to curdle/coagulate |
| confero, conferre, contuli, collatus |
bring together, carry/convey; collect/gather, compare; unite, add; direct/aim |
| conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus |
make, construct; prepare, complete, accomplish; cause; perform; do thoroughly |
| confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatus |
strengthen, develop, build up; make secure/firm; reassure; secure |
| confugio, confugere, confugi, confugitus |
flee; take refuge; have recourse/appeal to |
| congero, congerere, congessi, congestus |
collect, bring/get together, amass; heap/pile up/on; build, construct; compile |
| congiarium, congiari(i) N |
largess for soldiers/poor; gift in grain/oil/wine/salt/money; 1 congius vessel |
| conjungo, conjungere, conjunxi, conjunctus |
connect, join/yoke together; marry; connect/compound |
| conquiro, conquirere, conquisivi, conquisitus |
seek out; hunt/rake up; investigate; collect; search out/down/for diligently |
| consentio, consentire, consensi, consensus |
join/share in sensation/feeling; be in agreement/harmony; be of the same mind |
| conspicuus, conspicua, conspicuum |
visible, clearly seen, in sight/full view; illustrious/notable/famous/striking |
| conspiratio, conspirationis F |
illegal/hostile combination/conspiracy/plot; blowing/breathing together |
| constantia, constantiae F |
perseverance; harmony; steadfastness, persistence; firmness; courage; loyalty |
| consul, consulis M |
consul; supreme magistrate elsewhere |
| consulo, consulere, consului, consultus |
ask information/advice of; consult, take counsel; deliberate/consider; advise |
| consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptus |
burn up, destroy/kill; put end to; reduce/wear away; annul; extinguish |
| consurgo, consurgere, consurrexi, consurrectus |
rise/stand up; rise; ambush |
| contentio, contentionis F |
stretching, tension; strenuous exercise; comparison |
| continuus, continua, continuum |
incessant/unremitting, constantly repeated/recurring; successive, next in line |
| contraho, contrahere, contraxi, contractus |
enter into/upon relationship/agreement/business/marriage/loan/battle, deal with |
| contubernium, contuberni(i) N |
companionship in a tent; band/brotherhood; shared war tent; apartment/lodging |
| contumax, contumacis (gen.), contumacior -or -us, contumacissimus -a -um |
proud/unyielding/stubborn/defiant; insolent/stiff-necked/obstinate |
| conversatio, conversationis F |
way/manner of life, conduct/behavior; monastic life; frequent resorting |
| converto, convertere, converti, conversus |
turn upside down/side-to-side; invert/transpose/convulse; turn over/dig |
| copia, copiae F |
plenty, abundance, supply; troops, supplies; forces; resources; wealth |
| copiosus, copiosa -um, copiosior -or -us, copiosissimus -a -um |
plentiful/copious/abundant; well supplied/equipped, w/ample resources; prolific |
| copulor, copulari, copulatus sum |
connect, join physically, couple; bind/tie together, associate, unite, ally |
| corono, coronare, coronavi, coronatus |
wreathe, crown, deck with garlands; award prize; surround/encircle, ring round |
| corroboro, corroborare, corroboravi, corroboratus |
strengthen, harden, reinforce; corroborate; mature; make powerful, fortify |
| corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus |
spoil/rot; taint/contaminate; damage/ruin, undo; destroy/deface; digest; infect |
| cortina, cortinae F |
cauldron,, kettle; water-organ; vault/arch; curtain |
| cothurnus, cothurni M |
high boot/buskin |
| creber, crebra -um, crebrior -or -us, creberrimus -a -um |
thick/crowded/packed/close set; frequent/repeated, constant; numerous/abundant |
| cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus |
come forth/to be; arise/spring; be born; become visible/great; grow |
| crimen, criminis N |
indictment/charge/accusation; blame/reproach/slander; verdict/judgment |
| criminor, criminari, criminatus sum |
accuse, denounce; charge; allege with accusation; make accusations |
| cubiculum, cubiculi N |
bedroom; sleeping chamber/apartment/suite |
| cultus, culta -um, cultior -or -us, cultissimus -a -um |
cultivated/tilled/farmed; ornamented, neat/well groomed; polished/elegan |
| cultus, cultus M |
habitation; cultivation; civilization, refinement; polish, elegance |
| culus, culi M |
buttocks; posterior; anus |
| cumulo, cumulare, cumulavi, cumulatus |
heap/pile up/high, gather into a pile/heap; accumulate, amass; load/fill full |
| cunctus, cuncta, cunctum |
altogether, in a body; every, all, entire; total/complete; whole of |
| cupiditas, cupiditatis F |
enthusiasm/eagerness/passion; desire; lust; greed/usury/fraud; ambitio |
| cupidus, cupida -um, cupidior -or -us, cupidissimus -a -um |
eager/passionate; longing for/desirous of; greedy; wanton/lecherous |
| curiatius, curiatia, curiatium |
of curiae; assembly in which people voted according to curia |
| curio, (gen.), curionis |
lean, emaciated; wasted by sorrow |
| curro, currere, cucurri, cursus |
run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly |
| cursus, cursus M |
running; speed/zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/march; revolution |
| damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatus |
pass/pronounce judgment, find guilty; deliver/condemn/sentence; harm/damn/doom |
| damnum, damni N |
financial/property/physical loss/damage/injury; forfeiture/fine; lost possessio |
| debilito, debilitare, debilitavi, debilitatus |
weaken/disable/incapacitate/impair/maim/lame/cripple; deprive of power |
| decet, decere, decuit, - |
it is fitting/right/seemly/suitable/proper; it ought; become/adorn/grace |
| decimus, decima, decimum |
tenth |
| declamatio, declamationis F |
delivering set speech; declamation; school exercise speech; using rhetoric |
| declamatorius, declamatoria, declamatorium |
rhetorical, of declamation/exercise of speaking; of/belonging to a rhetorician |
| declamo, declamare, declamavi, declamatus |
declaim, make speeches; bluster/bawl |
| defensio, defensionis F |
defense/protection; act of defending; argument/justification in defense, excuse |
| defensor, defensoris M |
defender/protector; supporter/champion/apologist; defendant; defense advocate |
| deformis, deforme, deformior -or -us, deformissimus -a -um |
deformed/illformed/misshapen/disfigured; shameful/degrading/base; ugly/loathsom |
| degenero, degenerare, degeneravi, degeneratus |
be inferior to ancestors/unworthy; deteriorate/decline; lower oneself |
| deicio, deicere, dejeci, dejectus |
throw/pour/jump/send/put/push/force/knock/bring down; cause to fall/drop; hang |
| deinceps, (gen.), deincipitis |
following, next in succession |
| dejungo, dejungere, dejunxi, dejunctus |
separate, unyoke; release |
| delego, delegare, delegavi, delegatus |
assign/appoint; delegate/entrust; consign; transfer/pass; refer/attribute |
| deliberatio, deliberationis F |
deliberation/consultation, consideration; deliberative style speech |
| delibero, deliberare, deliberavi, deliberatus |
weigh/consider/deliberate/consult; ponder/think over; resolve/decide o |
| deminuo, deminuere, deminui, deminutus |
make smaller; cut up small; lessen/diminish/reduce |
| demum |
finally, at last; at length, in the end, eventually |
| denego, denegare, denegavi, denegatus |
deny; say that... not; deny/refuse |
| deni, denae, dena |
ten each, tenfold |
| derideo, deridere, derisi, derisus |
mock/deride/laugh at/make fun of; be able to laugh, escape, get off scot free |
| derigo, derigere, derexi, derectus |
direct, steer, guide, align, point; set in order, form up; straighten, level |
| descisco, desciscere, descivi, descitus |
desert/defect/revolt; deviate/abandon standard/principle; degenerate; fall away |
| descriptio, descriptionis F |
description/descriptive story; drawing of diagram/plan; indictment; transcript |
| desero, deserere, deserui, desertus |
leave/depart/quit/desert; forsake/abandon/give up; withdraw support, let down |
| desertus, deserta -um, desertior -or -us, desertissimus -a -um |
deserted, uninhabited, without people; solitary/lonely; forsaken; desert/waste |
| desino, desinere, desivi, desitus |
stop/end/finish, abandon/leave/break off, desist/cease; come to/at end/close |
| desisto, desistere, destiti, destitus |
stop/cease/desist; give up, leave/stand off; dissociate oneself |
| desumo, desumere, desumpsi, desumptus |
choose, pick out, select, take; pick; take for/upon one's self |
| detego, detegere, detexi, detectus |
uncover/disclose/reveal; expose, lay bare; fleece; unsheathe; remove; unroof |
| determino, determinare, determinavi, determinatus |
delimit/bound, set bounds to; fix temporal limits of; confine within limits |
| deterreo, deterrere, deterrui, deterritus |
deter; frighten away; discourage, put/keep off, avert; frighten/terrify |
| detorqueo, detorquere, detorsi, detortus |
turn/twist/bend/pull away/aside; deflect; deviate; divert; sway |
| detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractus |
drag/pull/strip/take down/away/off; remove; exclude, omit, cut out; subtract |
| detrudo, detrudere, detrusi, detrusus |
push/thrust/drive/force off/away/aside/from/down; expel; dispossess; postpone |
| deus |
god; God |
| deus, dei |
god; God; divine essence/being, supreme being; statue of god |
| dialectice, dialectices F |
dialectics, logic; art of logic/reasoning |
| dicacitas, dicacitatis F |
biting/mordant/caustic/incisive wit/raillery/banter/ridicule |
| differentia, differentiae F |
difference/diversity/distinction; distinguishing characteristic; different kind |
| differo, differre, distuli, dilatus |
postpone/delay/differ; put off, keep waiting; give respite to; differ, disagree |
| digitus, digiti M |
finger; toe; finger's breadth, inch; twig |
| dignor, dignari, dignatus sum |
deem/consider/think worthy/becoming/deserving/fit; deign, condescend |
| digredior, digredi, digressus sum |
depart; come/go away; part/separate/deviate; divorce; G:digress/leave |
| dijungo, dijungere, dijunxi, dijunctus |
unyoke; disunite, sever, divide, separate, part, estrange; put asunder |
| diligenter, diligentius, diligentissime |
carefully; attentively; diligently; scrupulously; thoroughly/completely/well |
| dimico, dimicare, dimicui, dimicatus |
fight, battle; struggle/contend/strive; brandish weapons; be in conflict/peril |
| dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus |
send away/off; allow to go, let go/off; disband, discharge, dismiss |
| dis, ditis (gen.), ditior -or -us, ditissimus -a -um |
rich/wealthy; richly adorned; fertile/productive; profitable; sumptuous |
| discedo, discedere, discessi, discessus |
go/march off, depart, withdraw; scatter, dissipate; abandon; lay down |
| discipulus, discipuli M |
student, pupil, trainee; follower, disciple |
| discordia, discordiae F |
disagreement, discord |
| dispergo, dispergere, dispersi, dispersus |
scatter, disperse |
| displiceo, displicere, displicui, displicitus |
displease |
| dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus |
dispose, place here and there, distribute; set/lay out; administer/manage/order |
| dissensio, dissensionis F |
disagreement, quarrel; dissension, conflict |
| dissentio, dissentire, dissensi, dissensus |
dissent, disagree; differ |
| dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertus |
arrange, dispose, set in order; discuss; examine; explain, set out in words |
| dissimulo, dissimulare, dissimulavi, dissimulatus |
conceal, dissemble, disguise, hide; ignore |
| distraho, distrahere, distraxi, distractus |
draw/pull/tear apart, wrench, separate, divide; sell in parcels; distract |
| diversitas, diversitatis F |
difference |
| divido, dividere, divisi, divisus |
divide; separate, break up; share, distribute; distinguish |
| divinus, divina -um, divinior -or -us, divinissimus -a -um |
divine, of a deity/god, godlike; sacred; divinely inspired, prophetic; natural |
| divisio, divisionis F |
division; distribution |
| divitia, divitiae F |
riches, wealth |
| doctor, doctoris M |
teacher; instructor; trainer; doctor |
| domesticus, domestica, domesticum |
domestic, of the house; familiar, native; civil, private, personal |
| domino, dominare, dominavi, dominatus |
be master/despot/in control, rule over, exercise sovereignty; rule/dominate |
| dominus, domini M |
owner, lord, master; the Lord; title for ecclesiastics/gentlemen |
| domus, domus F |
house, building; home, household |
| dono, donare, donavi, donatus |
present, grant; forgive; give, bestow |
| dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus |
doubt; deliberate; hesitate; be uncertain/irresolute |
| dubius, dubia, dubium |
doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable, dangerous; critical |
| duco, ducere, duxi, ductus |
lead, command; think, consider, regard; prolong |
| dudum |
little while ago; formerly |
| duo, duae, duo |
2 |
| duodecim, duodecimus -a -um, duodeni -ae -a, duodecie(n)s |
|
| durus, dura -um, durior -or -us, durissimus -a -um |
hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable |
| ecce |
behold! see! look! there! here! |
| editio, editionis F |
publishing; edition; statement |
| edo, edere, edidi, editus |
eject/emit; put/give forth; beget; bear; display/evince/exhibit |
| educatio, educationis F |
bringing up; rearing |
| educo, educere, eduxi, eductus |
lead out; draw up; bring up; rear |
| educo, educare, educavi, educatus |
bring up; train; educate; rear |
| effervesco, effervescere, efferbui, - |
boil up, seethe; effervesce; become greatly excited |
| efficax, efficacis (gen.), efficacior -or -us, efficacissimus -a -um |
effective, capable of filling some function; legally valid |
| effreno, effrenare, effrenavi, effrenatus |
unbridle, let loose; remove or slacken the reins of a horse |
| effugio, effugere, effugi, effugitus |
flee/escape; run/slip/keep away, eschew/avoid; baffle, escape notice |
| effulgeo, effulgere, effulsi, - |
shine forth, glitter; be or become conspicuous |
| egredior, egredi, egressus sum |
go/march/come out; set sail; land, disembark; surpass, go beyond |
| egregius, egregia, egregium |
singular; distinguished; exceptional; extraordinary; eminent; excellent |
| electio, electionis F |
choice, selection; election; E:election to salvation |
| electissimus, electissimi M |
elite |
| elegus, elegi M |
elegiac verses, elegy |
| elementum, elementi N |
elements; rudiments, beginnings; kinds of matter |
| elinguis, elinguis, elingue |
speechless or without eloquence |
| eloquor, eloqui, elocutus sum |
speak out, utter |
| elucubro, elucubrare, elucubravi, elucubratus |
compose at night; burn the midnight oil over, spend the night working |
| eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus |
elude, escape from; parry; baffle; cheat; frustrate; mock, make fun of |
| elumbis, elumbis, elumbe |
weak, feeble |
| emendo, emendare, emendavi, emendatus |
correct, emend, repair; improve, free from errors |
| eminens, eminentis (gen.), eminentior -or -us, eminentissimus -a -um |
eminent/distinguished/notable; lofty/towering; prominent/projecting; foreground |
| emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus |
hurl; let go; utter; send out; drive; force; cast; discharge; expel; publish |
| emo, emere, emi, emptus |
buy; gain, acquire, obtain |
| enervo, enervare, enervavi, enervatus |
weaken, enervate; make effeminate; deprive of vigor; cut/remove sinews from |
| eniteo, enitere, enitui, - |
shine forth/out; be outstanding/conspicuous |
| enitor, eniti, enixus sum |
bring forth, bear, give birth to; struggle upwards, mount, climb, strive |
| epigramma, epigrammatos/is N |
inscription/epitaph; short poem/epigram; mark tattooed on criminal |
| epula, epulae F |
courses, food, dishes of food; dinner; banquet; feast for the eyes |
| equus, equi M |
horse; steed |
| error, erroris M |
wandering; error; winding, maze; uncertainty; deception |
| erudio, erudire, erudivi, eruditus |
educate, teach, instruct |
| eveho, evehere, evexi, evectus |
carry away, convey out; carry up; exalt; jut out, project |
| evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus |
come out/about/forth; happen; turn out |
| evolvo, evolvere, evolvi, evolutus |
roll out, unroll; disclose, unfold; extricate; pursue; explain |
| excedo, excedere, excessi, excessus |
pass, withdraw, exceed; go away/out/beyond; die |
| excello, excellere, -, excelsus |
be eminent/preeminent; excel |
| excelsus, excelsa -um, excelsior -or -us, excelsissimus -a -um |
lofty/high; tall; exalted; elevated; noble; of high position/rank/reputation |
| exceptio, exceptionis F |
exception, qualification |
| excerpo, excerpere, excerpsi, excerptus |
pick out; select |
| exclamatio, exclamationis F |
exclamation, saying |
| excogito, excogitare, excogitavi, excogitatus |
think out; devise, invent, contrive |
| excolo, excolere, excolui, excultus |
improve; develop, honor |
| excudo, excudere, excudi, excusus |
strike out; forge; fashion; print |
| excusatio, excusationis F |
excuse |
| exhorto, exhortare, exhortavi, exhortatus |
encourage |
| eximius, eximia, eximium |
select; extraordinary/special; excellent |
| eximo, eximere, exemi, exemptus |
remove/extract, take/lift out/off/away; banish, get rid of; free/save/release |
| existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatus |
value/esteem; form/hold opinion/view; think/suppose; estimate; judge/consider |
| expello, expellere, expuli, expulsus |
drive out, expel, banish; disown, reject |
| expeto, expetere, expetivi, expetitus |
ask for; desire; aspire to; demand; happen; fall on |
| expilo, expilare, expilavi, expilatus |
plunder, rob, despoil |
| expleo, explere, explevi, expletus |
fill out; fill, fill up, complete, finish; satisfy, satiate |
| explico, explicare, explicavi, explicatus |
unfold, extend; set forth, display, exhibit, explain, disentangle |
| expolio, expolire, expolivi, expolitus |
polish; refine |
| expono, exponere, exposui, expositus |
set/put forth/out; abandon, expose; publish; explain, relate; disembark |
| exprobro, exprobrare, exprobravi, exprobratus |
reproach, upbraid, reprove; bring up as reproach |
| expromo, expromere, exprompsi, expromptus |
bring/take out, put out; put to use, put in play; disclose, reveal |
| exsanguis, exsanguis, exsangue |
bloodless, pale, wan, feeble; frightened |
| exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum |
follow, go along/on with; pursue for vengeance/punishment; strive/search after |
| exsolvo, exsolvere, exsolvi, exsolutus |
unfasten/undo/loose; open; thaw; let flow; solve |
| exstruo, exstruere, exstruxi, exstructus |
pile/build up, raise, build, construct |
| exsulto, exsultare, exsultavi, exsultatus |
rejoice; boast; exalt; jump about, let oneself go |
| exsurgo, exsurgere, exsurrexi, exsurrectus |
bestir oneself/take action; swell/rise/move/extend up/out/to higher moral level |
| extemporalis, extemporalis, extemporale |
unpremeditated, extempore, ad-lib; of a person speaking off the cuff |
| exto, extare, extiti, - |
stand out or forth, project be visible, exist, be on record |
| exubero, exuberare, exuberavi, exuberatus |
surge or gush up; be abundant, be fruitful |
| exundo, exundare, exundavi, exundatus |
gush forth; overflow with |
| fabulor, fabulari, fabulatus sum |
talk, chat, converse; invent a story, make up a fable |
| fabulosus, fabulosa, fabulosum |
storied, fabulous; celebrated in story |
| facies, faciei F |
shape, face, look; presence, appearance; beauty; achievement |
| factio, factionis F |
party, faction; partisanship |
| familia, familiae F |
household; household of slaves; family; clan; religious community |
| familiaris, familiaris, familiare |
domestic; of family; intimate |
| fastidium, fastidi(i) N |
loathing, disgust; squeamishness; scornful contempt, pride; fastidiousness |
| fatalis, fatalis, fatale |
fated, destined; fatal, deadly |
| faveo, favere, favi, fautus |
favor, befriend, support, back up |
| favor, favoris M |
favor, goodwill; bias; applause |
| favorabilis, favorabile, favorabilior -or -us, favorabilissimus -a -um |
popular, treated/regarded with favor, favored; win favor, conciliatory |
| fax, facis F |
torch, firebrand, fire; flame of love; torment |
| fecundus, fecunda -um, fecundior -or -us, fecundissimus -a -um |
fertile, fruitful; productive, prolific; abundant; imaginative |
| feliciter |
happily |
| ferio, ferire, -, - |
hit, strike; strike a bargain; kill, slay |
| ferrum, ferri N |
iron; any tool of iron; weapon, sword |
| festino, festinare, festinavi, festinatus |
hasten, hurry |
| fidelis, fidele, fidelior -or -us, fidelissimus -a -um |
faithful/loyal/devoted; true/trustworthy/dependable/reliable; constant/lasting |
| filius, fili M |
son |
| fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus |
mold, form, shape; create, invent; produce; imagine; compose; devise, contrive |
| finis, finis |
boundary, end, limit, goal; country, territory, land |
| fio, feri, factus sum |
happen, come about; result; take place, be held, occur, arise |
| firmitas, firmitatis F |
firmness, strength |
| flamma, flammae F |
flame, blaze; ardor, fire of love; object of love |
| flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus |
bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; persuade, prevail on, soften |
| floreo, florere, florui, - |
flourish, blossom, be prosperous; be in one's prime |
| flos, floris M |
flower, blossom; youthful prime |
| fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus |
flow, stream; emanate, proceed from; fall gradually |
| fons, fontis M |
spring, fountain, well; source/fount; principal cause; font; baptistry |
| for, fari, fatus sum |
speak, talk; say |
| formo, formare, formavi, formatus |
form, shape, fashion, model |
| formula, formulae F |
shape/outline; pretty appearance; register/list/roll, jurisdiction; charter |
| fortis, forte, fortior -or -us, fortissimus -a -um |
strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous, firm, steadfast, courageous, brave, bold |
| fortuitus, fortuita, fortuitum |
casual, accidental, fortuitous, happening by chance |
| frater, fratris M |
brother; cousin |
| fremo, fremere, fremui, fremitus |
roar; growl; rage; murmur, clamor for |
| frenus, freni M |
bridle/harness/rein/bit; harnessed horses/team; check/restraint/brake; mastery |
| frequentia, frequentiae F |
crowd; large attendance; abundance of persons/things; frequency |
| frequento, frequentare, frequentavi, frequentatus |
frequent; repeat often; haunt; throng; crowd; celebrate |
| frigidus, frigida -um, frigidior -or -us, frigidissimus -a -um |
cold, cool, chilly, frigid; lifeless, indifferent, dull |
| fructuosus, fructuosa -um, fructuosior -or -us, fructuosissimus -a -um |
fruitful, productive, abounding in fruit; profitable, advantageous |
| frux, frugis F |
crops, fruits, produce, legumes; honest men |
| fuco, fucare, fucavi, fucatus |
color; paint; dye |
| fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus |
pour, cast; scatter, shed, rout |
| furtum, furti N |
theft; trick, deception; stolen article |
| galba, galbae F |
small worm, ash borer/larva of ash spinner; fat paunch, big belly |
| gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum |
be glad, rejoice |
| gemma, gemmae F |
bud; jewel, gem, precious stone; amber; cup; seal, signet; game piec |
| genius, geni M |
genius |
| geometria, geometriae F |
geometry |
| gero, gerere, gessi, gestus |
bear, carry, wear; carry on; manage, govern |
| gigno, gignere, genui, genitus |
give birth to, bring forth, bear; beget; be born |
| gladiator, gladiatoris M |
gladiator |
| gladius, gladi(i) M |
sword |
| gloriosus, gloriosa -um, gloriosior -or -us, gloriosissimus -a -um |
glorious, full of glory; famous, renowned; boastful, conceited; ostentatious |
| graecus, graeca, graecum |
Greek |
| grammaticus, grammatica, grammaticum |
grammatical, of grammar |
| gravis, grave, gravior -or -us, gravissimus -a -um |
heavy; painful; important; serious; pregnant; grave, oppressive, burdensome |
| graviter |
violently; deeply; severely; reluctantly |
| gravito, gravitare, gravitavi, gravitatus |
revolve |
| gremium, gremi(i) N |
lap, bosom; womb, interior; female genital parts |
| herba, herbae F |
herb, grass |
| heres, heredis |
heir/heiress |
| heroicus, heroica, heroicum |
heroic, epic |
| hilaris, hilare, hilarior -or -us, hilarissimus -a -um |
cheerful, lively, light-hearted |
| hio, hiare, hiavi, hiatus |
be wide open, gape; be greedy for; be open-mouthed |
| hirtus, hirta, hirtum |
hairy/shaggy, covered with hair/wool; thick growth; rough/unpolished |
| historia, historiae F |
history; account; story |
| histrio, histrionis M |
actor; performer in pantomime |
| honesto, honestare, honestavi, honestatus |
honor; adorn, grace |
| honor, honoris M |
honor; respect/regard; mark of esteem, reward; dignity/grace; public office |
| honorificus, honorifica -um, honorificentior -or -us, honorificentissimus -a - |
honorific; that does honor; conferring/showing honor |
| hora, horae F |
hour; time; season |
| horridus, horrida, horridum |
wild, frightful, rough, bristly, standing on end, unkempt; grim; horrible |
| hortensius, hortensia, hortensium |
grown in gardens; belonging to/in a garden |
| humilis, humile, humilior -or -us, humillimus -a -um |
low, lowly, small, slight, base, mean, humble, obscure, poor, insignificant |
| humilitas, humilitatis F |
insignificance/unimportance/degradation/debasement/humiliation; commonplaceness |
| iambus, iambi M |
iambus, metrical foot; iambic trimeter |
| ibi |
there, in that place; thereupon |
| ictus, ictus M |
blow, stroke; musical/metrical beat; measure |
| ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotus |
pardon, forgive |
| imber, imbris M |
rain, shower, storm; shower of liquid/snow/hail/missiles; water |
| imitor, imitari, imitatus sum |
imitate/copy/mimic; follow; make an imitation/reproduction; resemble; simulate |
| immuto, immutare, immutavi, immutatus |
change, alter, transform |
| impeditus, impedita -um, impeditior -or -us, impeditissimus -a -um |
hindered/obstructed/encumbered/hampered; difficult/impeded; inaccessible |
| impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus |
drive/persuade/impel; urge on/action; push/thrust/strike against; overthrow |
| imperium, imperi(i) N |
command; authority; rule, supreme power; the state, the empire |
| impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus |
order, command, levy; rule |
| impexus, impexa, impexum |
uncombed |
| impolitus, impolita, impolitum |
rough, unpolished |
| impono, imponere, imposui, impositus |
impose, put upon; establish; inflict; assign/place in command; set |
| importo, importare, importavi, importatus |
bring in, convey; import; bring about, cause |
| impudens, (gen.), impudentis |
shameless, impudent |
| impudentia, impudentiae F |
shamelessness; effrontery |
| inanis, inanis, inane |
void, empty, hollow; vain; inane, foolish |
| inaudio, inaudire, inaudivi, inauditus |
hear of; learn |
| incalesco, incalescere, incalui, - |
grow hot; become heated |
| incedo, incedere, incessi, incessus |
advance, march; approach; step, walk, march along |
| incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus |
set on fire; set fire to, kindle, burn; cause to flame/burn; keep fire burning |
| incertus, incerta, incertum |
uncertain; unsure, inconstant, variable; doubtful |
| incesso, incessere, incesivi, incessus |
assault, attack; reproach, abuse |
| incestus, incesta, incestum |
unchaste; unholy, unclean, religiously impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, lewd |
| incido, incidere, incidi, incisus |
cut into, cut open; inscribe, engrave inscription; break off |
| incitamentum, incitamenti N |
incentive, stimulus |
| inclino, inclinare, inclinavi, inclinatus |
bend; lower; incline; decay; grow worse; set; deject |
| includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus |
shut up/in, imprison, enclose; include |
| incognitus, incognita, incognitum |
unknown; not known; untried, untested |
| incoho, incohare, incohavi, incohatus |
begin/start; set going, establish; draft/sketch/outline; enter upon |
| incompositus, incomposita, incompositum |
clumsy, disorganized, not in formation; unaffected, neutral |
| inconditus, incondita, inconditum |
rough, crude; uncivilized; disordered, not disciplined |
| incorruptus, incorrupta -um, incorruptior -or -us, incorruptissimus -a -um |
intact, uncorrupted, unspoiled/untainted; genuine; pure; chaste; imperishable |
| increpo, increpare, increpui, increpitus |
rattle, snap, clash, roar, twang, make noise; strike noisily |
| increpo, increpare, increpui, increpitus |
rebuke, chide, reprove; protest at/indignantly, complain loudly/scornfully |
| incultus, inculta -um, incultior -or -us, incultissimus -a -um |
uncultivated, overgrown; unkempt; rough, uncouth; uncourted |
| incumbo, incumbere, incumbui, incumbitus |
lean forward/over/on, press on; attack, apply force; fall on |
| incus, incudis F |
anvil |
| incuso, incusare, incusavi, incusatus |
accuse, blame, criticize, condemn |
| indefensus, indefensa, indefensum |
undefended; defenseless |
| indico, indicere, indixi, indictus |
declare publicly; proclaim, announce; appoint; summon |
| indignor, indignari, indignatus sum |
deem unworthy, scorn, regard with indignation, resent, be indignant |
| indoles, indolis F |
innate character; inborn quality |
| indomitus, indomita, indomitum |
untamed; untamable, fierce |
| indulgentia, indulgentiae F |
leniency, concession, pardon; kindness, gentleness; favor bounty; indulging |
| induo, induere, indui, indutus |
put on, clothe, cover; dress oneself in |
| industrius, industria -um, industriior -or -us, industrissimus -a -um |
industrious, diligent; active; zealous; assiduous |
| ineo, inire, inivi(ii), initus |
enter; undertake; begin; go in; enter upon |
| iners, inertis (gen.), inertior -or -us, inertissimus -a -um |
helpless, weak, inactive, inert, sluggish, stagnant; unskillful, incompetent |
| inexercitatus, inexercitata, inexercitatum |
untrained, unpracticed |
| infans, (gen.), infantis |
speechless, inarticulate; new born; childish, foolish |
| infero, inferre, intuli, illatus |
bring/carry in, import; advance, bring/march/step/move foward; impel, urge |
| infestus, infesta -um, infestior -or -us, infestissimus -a -um |
unsafe, dangerous; hostile; disturbed, molested, infested, unquiet |
| inficio, inficere, infeci, infectus |
corrupt, infect, imbue; poison; dye, stain, color, spoil |
| infirmus, infirma -um, infirmior -or -us, infirmissimus -a -um |
fragile/frail/feeble; unwell/sick/infirm |
| inflo, inflare, inflavi, inflatus |
blow into/upon; puff out |
| influo, influere, influxi, influxus |
flow into; flow |
| informis, informis, informe |
formless, shapeless; deformed; ugly, hideous |
| informo, informare, informavi, informatus |
shape, form; fashion; form an idea of |
| infructuosus, infructuosa, infructuosum |
unfruitful, unproductive |
| ingenuitas, ingenuitatis F |
status/quality of free-born person; nobility of character, modesty, candor |
| ingero, ingerere, ingessi, ingestus |
carry in, throw in; heap; force/thrust/throw upon |
| inhonestus, inhonesta -um, inhonestior -or -us, inhonestissimus -a -um |
shameful, not regarded with honor/respect; degrading |
| inimicitia, inimicitiae F |
unfriendliness, enmity, hostility |
| inimicus, inimica -um, inimicior -or -us, inimicissimus -a -um |
unfriendly, hostile, harmful |
| initium, initi(i) N |
beginning, commencement; entrance |
| injustus, injusta, injustum |
unjust, wrongful; severe, excessive; unsuitable |
| inlecebra, inlecebrae F |
allurement, attraction, charm; a decoy bird |
| inlustro, inlustrare, inlustravi, inlustratus |
illuminate, light up; give glory; embellish; make clear, elucidate; enlighten |
| inmanis, inmane, inmanior -or -us, inmanissimus -a -um |
huge/vast/immense/tremendous/extreme/monstrous; inhuman/savage/brutal/frightful |
| inmensus, inmensa, inmensum |
immeasurable, immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitely great; innumerable |
| innitor, inniti, innixus sum |
lean/rest on, be supported by |
| innotesco, innotescere, innotui, - |
become known, be made conspicuous |
| inops, (gen.), inopis |
weak, poor, needy, helpless; lacking, destitute, meager |
| inprobus, inproba, inprobum |
wicked/flagrant; morally unsound; greedy/rude; immoderate; disloyal; shameless |
| inpune, inpunius, inpunissime |
with impunity; without punishment/retribution/restraint/consequences/harm |
| inquieto, inquietare, inquietavi, inquietatus |
disturb, trouble, molest, harass; press legal claim against; fidget, twiddle |
| inquietus, inquieta -um, inquietior -or -us, inquietissimus -a -um |
rest/sleep-less, finding/taking no rest; constantly active/in motion; unquiet |
| inquino, inquinare, inquinavi, inquinatus |
daub; stain, pollute; soil; "smear" |
| inrumpo, inrumpere, inrupi, inruptus |
invade; break/burst/force/rush in/upon/into, penetrate; intrude on; interrupt |
| insanus, insana -um, insanior -or -us, insanissimus -a -um |
mad, raging, insane, demented; frenzied, wild; possessed, inspired; maddening |
| insciens, (gen.), inscientis |
unknowing, unaware |
| inscientia, inscientiae F |
ignorance |
| inscitia, inscitiae F |
ignorance |
| insector, insectari, insectatus sum |
pursue with hostile intent; pursue with hostile speech, etc |
| inservio, inservire, inservivi, inservitus |
be serviceable; be attached/submissive to; treat with deference |
| insignio, insignire, insignivi, insignitus |
mark; distinguish |
| instigo, instigare, instigavi, instigatus |
urge on; incite, rouse |
| instinctus, instinctus M |
inspiration; instigation |
| instituo, instituere, institui, institutus |
set up, establish, found, make, institute; build; prepare; decide |
| institutio, institutionis F |
institution; arrangement; instruction, education |
| instrumentum, instrumenti N |
tool, tools; equipment, apparatus; instrument; means; document, deed |
| insulsus, insulsa, insulsum |
boring, stupid |
| insum, inesse, infui, infuturus |
be in/on/there; belong to; be involved in |
| insumo, insumere, insumpsi, insumptus |
spend, expend/employ, devote; consume, take in/up; assume |
| integer, integra -um, integrior -or -us, integerrimus -a -um |
untouched, entire, whole, complete; uninjured, sound, fresh, vigorous |
| intellego, intellegere, additional, forms |
understand; realize |
| intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus |
hold out; stretch, strain, exert |
| intentio, intentionis F |
stretch, extension; spasm; tautness, tension; straining, concentration; aim |
| interdico, interdicere, interdixi, interdictus |
forbid, interdict, prohibit; debar |
| interdum |
sometimes, now and then |
| intereo, interire, interivi(ii), interitus |
perish, die; be ruined; cease |
| interim |
meanwhile, in the meantime; at the same time; however, nevertheless |
| intermitto, intermittere, intermisi, intermissus |
interrupt; omit; stop; leave off; leave a gap |
| interpretatio, interpretationis F |
interpretation; meaning |
| interrogatio, interrogationis F |
interrogation, inquiry, questioning |
| intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus |
come between, intervene; occur, crop up |
| introduco, introducere, introduxi, introductus |
introduce, bring/lead in |
| introspicio, introspicere, introspexi, introspectus |
examine; inspect; look upon |
| inventio, inventionis F |
invention/discovery; action of devising/planning; plan/stratagem |
| invicem |
in turn; by turns; reciprocally/mutually |
| invidiosus, invidiosa -um, invidiosior -or -us, invidiosissimus -a -um |
arousing hatred/odium/envy; odious, invidious; enviable; envious, jealous |
| invidus, invida, invidum |
hateful, ill disposed, hostile, malevolent; envious, jealous, grudging |
| invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatus |
invite, summon; challenge, incite; encourage; attract, allure, entice |
| invitus, invita, invitum |
reluctant; unwilling; against one's will |
| ira, irae F |
anger; ire, wrath; resentment; indignation; rage/fury/violence; bad blood |
| irascor, irasci, iratus sum |
get/be/become angry; fly into a rage; be angry at; feel resentment |
| irrepo, irrepere, irrepsi, - |
creep in or into; steal into; insinuate oneself |
| iter, itineris |
journey; road; passage, path; march |
| iterum |
again; a second time; for the second time |
| jacio, jacere, jeci, jactus |
throw, hurl, cast; throw away; utter |
| jacto, jactare, jactavi, jactatus |
throw away, throw out, throw, jerk about; disturb; boast, discuss |
| jaculus, jacula, jaculum |
thrown, darting |
| jejunium, jejuni(i) N |
fasting/fast; Lent; hunger; leanness |
| jubo, jubere, additional, forms |
order/tell/command/direct; enjoin/command; decree/enact; request/ask/bid; pray |
| jucundus, jucunda -um, jucundior -or -us, jucundissimus -a -um |
pleasant/agreeable/delightful/pleasing; congenial |
| judico, judicare, judicavi, judicatus |
judge, give judgment; sentence; conclude, decide; declare, appraise |
| jurgium, jurgi(i) N |
quarrel/dispute/strife; abuse/vituperation/invective; L:separation |
| juvenilis, juvenilis, juvenile |
youthful |
| juventus, juventutis F |
youth; the age of youth, young persons; young men, knights |
| juxta |
nearly; near, close to, near by, hard by, by the side of; just as, equally |
| laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus |
work, labor; produce, take pains; be troubled/sick/oppressed, be in distress |
| lacertus, lacerti M |
upper arm, arm, shoulder; strength, muscles, vigor, force; lizard |
| lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitus |
provoke, excite, harass, challenge, harass; attack, assail |
| lacrima, lacrimae F |
tear; exuded gum/sap; bit of lead; quicksilver from ore; weeping; dirge |
| laetitia, laetitiae F |
joy/happiness; source of joy/delight; fertility; fruitfulness; floridity |
| laeto, laetare, laetavi, laetatus |
gladden, cheer; be glad/joyful, rejoice |
| lascivia, lasciviae F |
playfulness; wantonness, lasciviousness |
| lascivio, lascivire, lascivi, lascivitus |
frisk; sport; run riot |
| lautus, lauta -um, lautior -or -us, lautissimus -a -um |
elegant, fashionable; sumptuous/luxurious; fine, well turned out; washed/clean |
| legatio, legationis F |
embassy; member of an embassy; mission |
| legitimus, legitima, legitimum |
lawful, right; legitimate; real, genuine; just; proper |
| lenio, lenire, lenivi, lenitus |
mitigate, moderate; alleviate, allay, assuage, ease, calm, placate, appease |
| lenocinor, lenocinari, lenocinatus sum |
work as a procurer; make up to, flatter |
| lentitudo, lentitudinis F |
slowness in action; apathy |
| lentulus, lentula, lentulum |
somewhat slow |
| lentus, lenta -um, lentior -or -us, lentissimus -a -um |
clinging, tough; slow, sluggish, lazy, procrastinating; easy, pliant |
| lepus, leporis M |
hare |
| levis, leve, levior -or -us, levissimus -a -um |
light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight; gentle; fickle, capricious; nimble |
| levitas, levitatis F |
levity; lightness, mildness; fickleness; shallowness |
| libellus, libelli M |
little/small book; memorial; petition; pamphlet, defamatory publication |
| libenter, libentius, libentissime |
willingly; gladly, with pleasure |
| liberalitas, liberalitatis F |
courtesy, kindness, nobleness; generosity; frankness; gift |
| libo, libare, libavi, libatus |
nibble, sip; pour in offering/a libation; impair; graze, touch, skim |
| licentia, licentiae F |
freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness; outspokenness |
| lingua, linguae F |
tongue; speech, language; dialect |
| liniamentum, liniamenti N |
line; outlines, features |
| linum, lini N |
flax, linen cloth/thread; rope; fishing line; net |
| lis, litis F |
lawsuit; quarrel |
| litigator, litigatoris M |
litigant, one engaged in a lawsuit |
| litigo, litigare, litigavi, litigatus |
quarrel; go to law |
| litus, litoris N |
shore, seashore, coast, strand; river bank; beach, landing place |
| liveo, livere, -, - |
be livid or discolored; be envious |
| locum, loci N |
seat, rank, position; soldier's post; quarters; category; book passage, topic |
| lorica, loricae F |
coat of mail; breastwork, parapet, fortification |
| lubricus, lubrica, lubricum |
slippery; sinuous; inconstant; hazardous, ticklish; deceitful |
| lucrosus, lucrosa, lucrosum |
gainful, lucrative |
| lucus, luci M |
grove; sacred grove |
| ludicrus, ludicra, ludicrum |
connected with sport or the stage |
| ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus |
play, mock, tease, trick |
| ludus, ludi M |
game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school |
| lumen, luminis N |
light; lamp, torch; eye; life; day, daylight |
| lux, lucis F |
light, daylight, light of day; life; world; day |
| lyricus, lyrica, lyricum |
lyric |
| macies, maciei F |
leanness, meagerness; poverty |
| maestus, maesta -um, maestior -or -us, maestissimus -a -um |
sad/unhappy; mournful/gloomy; mourning; stern/grim; ill-omened/inauspicious |
| magnitudo, magnitudinis F |
size, magnitude, bulk; greatness. importance, intensity |
| malignus, maligna, malignum |
spiteful; niggardly; narrow |
| malo, malle, malui, - |
prefer; incline toward, wish rather |
| maneo, manere, mansi, mansus |
remain, stay, abide; wait for; continue, endure, last; spend the night |
| mano, manare, manavi, manatus |
flow, pour; be shed; be wet; spring |
| marmor, marmoris N |
marble, block of marble, marble monument/statue; surface of the sea |
| maturitas, maturitatis F |
ripeness |
| maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus |
ripen, hurry, make haste to, hasten |
| maturus, matura -um, maturior -or -us, maturissimus -a -um |
early, speedy; ripe; mature, mellow; timely, seasonable |
| mavis |
prefer |
| mavult |
prefer |
| medeor, mederi, - |
heal, cure; remedy, assuage, comfort, amend |
| medicus, medica, medicum |
healing, curative, medical |
| mediocris, mediocris, mediocre |
medium/average/intermediate; middling/fair/ordinary/moderate/tolerable; trivial |
| mediocritas, mediocritatis F |
moderateness; avoidance of extremes; intermediate way |
| medito, meditare, meditavi, meditatus |
consider/contemplate/ponder; meditate, think about; reflect on; devise/plan |
| meio, meere, mixi, mictus |
urinate, make water; ejaculate |
| membrum, membri N |
member, limb, organ; male genital member; apartment, room; section |
| memini, meminisse, - |
remember; keep in mind, pay heed to; be sure; recall |
| mensis, mensis M |
month |
| meretricius, meretricia, meretricium |
of/belonging to/typical of a courtesan/prostitute/harlot |
| metus, metus M |
fear, anxiety; dread, awe; object of awe/dread |
| milito, militare, militavi, militatus |
serve as soldier, perform military service, serve in the army; wage/make war |
| mille, millesimus -a -um, milleni -ae -a, milie(n)s |
1000 times, on 1000 occasions- |
| mille, milis N |
thousand; thousands; miles |
| mille, millis N |
thousand; thousands; miles |
| minax, (gen.), minacis |
threatening; boding ill |
| ministerium, ministeri(i) N |
office, attendance, service, employment, body of helpers; occupation, work |
| misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus |
mix, mingle; embroil; confound; stir up |
| miser, misera -um, miserior -or -us, miserrimus -a -um |
poor, miserable, wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, distressing |
| miseratio, miserationis F |
pity, compassion |
| misericordia, misericordiae F |
pity, sympathy; compassion, mercy; pathos |
| mitigo, mitigare, mitigavi, mitigatus |
soften; lighten, alleviate; soothe; civilize |
| mitis, mite, mitior -or -us, mitissimus -a -um |
mild, meek, gentle, placid, soothing; clement; ripe, sweet and juicy |
| mitto, mittere, misi, missus |
send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, release, dismiss; disregard |
| moderatio, moderationis F |
moderation; self control; guidance; government, regulation |
| moderator, moderatoris M |
governor, master; user, one who restrains |
| modero, moderare, -, moderatus |
check, slow down, control |
| momentum, momenti N |
moment, importance, influence; motion, movement; impulse, effort |
| moralis, moralis, morale |
moral; of philosophy, concerned w/ethics; concerned w/moral philosophy |
| mortalis, mortalis, mortale |
mortal, transient; human, of human origin |
| motus, motus M |
movement, motion; riot, commotion, disturbance; gesture; emotion |
| municeps, municipis |
citizen/native |
| munimentum, munimenti N |
fortification, bulwark; defense, protection |
| munio, munire, munivi, munitus |
fortify; strengthen; protect, defend, safeguard; build |
| munus, muneris N |
service; duty, office, function; gift; tribute, offering; bribes |
| musa, musae F |
muse; sciences/poetry |
| musicus, musica, musicum |
of/belonging to poetry or music, musical |
| mutus, muta, mutum |
dumb, silent, mute; speechless |
| mutuus, mutua, mutuum |
borrowed, lent; mutual, in return |
| narratio, narrationis F |
narrative, story |
| narro, narrare, narravi, narratus |
tell, tell about, relate, narrate, recount, describe |
| natalis, natalis, natale |
natal, of birth |
| natio, nationis F |
nation, people; birth; race, class, set; gentiles; heathens |
| necessarius, necessaria, necessarium |
necessary/needed/essential/indispensable; vital/private; close tied |
| necesse, undeclined |
necessary, essential; unavoidable, compulsory, inevitable; a natural law; true |
| necessitas, necessitatis F |
need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond |
| nedum |
still less; not to speak of; much more |
| nego, negare, negavi, negatus |
deny, refuse; say... not |
| negotiosus, negotiosa, negotiosum |
active, occupied |
| nemus, nemoris N |
wood, forest |
| neo, nere, nevi, netus |
spin; weave; produce by spinning |
| nervus, nervi M |
sinew/muscle/nerve; hamstring; tendon; stringed instrument |
| neuter, neutra, neutrum |
neither |
| nimis |
very much; too much; exceedingly |
| niteo, nitere, nitui, - |
shine, glitter, look bright; be sleek/in good condition; bloom, thrive |
| nitor, niti, nixus sum |
press/lean upon; struggle; advance; depend on; strive, labor |
| nobilis, nobile, nobilior -or -us, nobilissimus -a -um |
noble, well born; aristocratic; outstanding; important/prominent |
| nobilito, nobilitare, nobilitavi, nobilitatus |
make known/noted/renown; render famous/notorious; ennoble; make more majestic |
| noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitus |
harm, hurt; injure |
| nominatim |
by name |
| nondum |
not yet |
| nongenti -ae -a, nongentesimus -a -um, nongeni -ae -a, noningentie(n)s |
|
| nonus, -a, -um |
9th |
| notabilis, notabilis, notabile |
remarkable, notable |
| notus, nota -um, notior -or -us, notissimus -a -um |
well known, familiar, notable, famous, esteemed; notorious, of ill repute |
| nox, noctis F |
night |
| numen, numinis N |
divine will, divinity; god |
| numerosus, numerosa -um, numerosior -or -us, numerosissimus -a -um |
numerous/many, of many units/parts/people; multiple; manifold/varied; prolific |
| numquam |
never |
| nuper, -, nuperrime |
recently, not long ago; in recent years/our own time; latest in series |
| nutrix, nutricis F |
nurse |
| nux, nucis F |
nut |
| obicio, obicere, objeci, objectus |
throw before/to, cast; object, oppose; upbraid; throw in one's teeth; present |
| oblectamentum, oblectamenti N |
delight, pleasure, source of pleasure |
| oblecto, oblectare, oblectavi, oblectatus |
delight, please, amuse |
| obligo, obligare, obligavi, obligatus |
bind, oblige |
| oblittero, oblitterare, oblitteravi, oblitteratus |
cause to be forgotten/fall into disuse/to disappear; assign to oblivion |
| oblivio, oblivionis F |
oblivion; forgetfulness |
| obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum |
forget |
| obnoxius, obnoxia, obnoxium |
liable; guilty |
| obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus |
cover up, hide, bury; overwhelm, ruin; crush |
| obsequium, obsequi(i) N |
compliance; consideration/deference/solicitude; services |
| obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus |
blockade, besiege, invest, beset; take possession of |
| obtempero, obtemperare, obtemperavi, obtemperatus |
obey; comply with the demands of; be submissive to |
| obtrectatio, obtrectationis F |
disparagement; detraction; verbal attack inspired by malice or spite |
| obtrectator, obtrectatoris M |
critic, disparager |
| obtrecto, obtrectare, obtrectavi, obtrectatus |
detract from; disparage, belittle |
| obvius, obvia, obvium |
in the way, easy; hostile; exposed |
| occido, occidere, occidi, occisus |
kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down; weary, be the death/ruin of |
| occupatio, occupationis F |
occupation, employment |
| occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus |
seize; gain; overtake; capture, occupy; attack |
| odi, odisse, osus |
hate, dislike; be disinclined/reluctant/adverse to |
| odoro, odorare, odoravi, odoratus |
perfume, make fragrant |
| offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus |
offer; present; cause; bestow |
| officina, officinae F |
workshop; office |
| oleo, olere, olui, - |
smell of, smell like |
| opinio, opinionis F |
belief, idea, opinion; rumor |
| oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositus |
oppose; place opposite |
| opto, optare, optavi, optatus |
choose, select; wish, wish for, desire |
| oraculum, oraculi N |
oracle; prophecy; oracular saying/precept/maxim |
| oratiuncula, oratiunculae F |
little speech, short oration |
| orbis, orbis M |
circle; territory/region; sphere |
| orbitas, orbitatis F |
bereavement; loss of a child; orphanhood; childlessness |
| orbo, orbare, orbavi, orbatus |
bereave, deprive |
| orbus, orba, orbum |
bereft, deprived,childless |
| ornamentum, ornamenti N |
equipment; decoration; jewel; ornament, trappings |
| ornatus, ornata -um, ornatior -or -us, ornatissimus -a -um |
well equipped/endowed, richly adorned, ornate; distinguished, honored |
| os, oris N |
mouth, speech, expression; face; pronunciation |
| ossum, ossi N |
bone; kernel; heartwood; stone |
| ostendeo, ostendere, ostendi, - |
show; reveal; make clear, point out, display, exhibit |
| ostentatio, ostentationis F |
exhibition, display; showing off |
| ostium, osti(i) N |
doorway; front door; starting gate; entrance; mouth |
| paco, pacare, pacavi, pacatus |
pacify, subdue |
| paenitentia, paenitentiae F |
regret; change of mind/attitude; repentance/contrition; penance |
| paenula, paenulae F |
hooded weatherproof cloak |
| palleo, pallere, pallui, - |
be/look pale; fade; become pale at |
| pansa, pansae F |
splay-footed |
| par, paris (gen.), -, parissimus -a -um |
equal; a match for; of equal size/rank/age; fit/suitable/right/proper |
| paratus, parata -um, paratior -or -us, paratissimus -a -um |
prepared; ready; equipped, provided |
| parco, parcere, peperci, parsus |
forbear, refrain from; spare; show consideration; be economical/thrifty with |
| parens, parentis |
parent, father, mother |
| parvulus, parvula, parvulum |
very small, very young; unimportant; slight, petty |
| patiens, patientis (gen.), patientior -or -us, patientissimus -a -um |
patient/long-suffering; tolerant/easy-going; submissive/liable/susceptible to |
| patrocinium, patrocini(i) N |
protection, defense patronage, legal defense |
| patrocinor, patrocinari, patrocinatus sum |
defend, protect |
| paulatim |
little by little, by degrees, gradually; a small amount at a time, bit by bit |
| pauper, pauperis (gen.), pauperior -or -us, pauperrimus -a -um |
poor/meager/unproductive; scantily endowed; cheap, of little worth; of poor man |
| paupertas, paupertatis F |
poverty, need; humble circumstances |
| pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatus |
sin; do wrong, commit moral offense; blunder, stumble; be wrong |
| peculiaris, peculiaris, peculiare |
personal/private/special/peculiar/specific, one's own; singular/exceptional |
| pecunia, pecuniae F |
money; property |
| pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus |
beat; drive out; push; banish, strike, defeat, drive away, rout |
| pendo, pendere, pependi, pensus |
weigh out; pay, pay out |
| penetralis, penetralis, penetrale |
inner, innermost |
| penetro, penetrare, penetravi, penetratus |
enter, penetrate |
| penso, pensare, pensavi, pensatus |
weigh; pay/punish for; counterbalance, compensate; ponder, examine |
| perago, peragere, peregi, peractus |
disturb; finish; kill; carry through to the end, complete |
| peragro, peragrare, peragravi, peragratus |
travel over every part of, scour |
| percenseo, percensere, percensui, percensitus |
enumerate, recite from start to finish; inspect/examine/go over thoroughly |
| percontatio, percontationis F |
questioning, inquiry |
| peregrinus, peregrina, peregrinum |
foreign, strange, alien; exotic |
| perfectissimus, perfectissimi M |
most-perfect man |
| perfugio, perfugere, perfugi, - |
flee, desert; take refuge |
| pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectus |
go on, proceed |
| periculosus, periculosa -um, periculosior -or -us, periculosissimus -a -um |
dangerous, hazardous, perilous; threatening |
| periculum, periculi N |
danger, peril; trial, attempt; risk; responsibility for damage, liability |
| permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus |
let through; let go through; relinquish; permit, allow; entrust; hurl |
| permoveo, permovere, permovi, permotus |
stir up; move deeply; influence; agitate |
| pernocto, pernoctare, pernoctavi, pernoctatus |
spend the night; occupy the night; guard all night |
| peroro, perorare, peroravi, peroratus |
deliver the final part of a speech, conclude |
| perpetior, perpeti, perpessus sum |
endure to the full |
| perpetuitas, perpetuitatis F |
continuity; permanence |
| perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum |
continuous, uninterpreted; whole; perpetual, lasting; everlasting |
| perquam |
extremely |
| persona, personae F |
mask; character; personality |
| perstringo, perstringere, perstrinxi, perstrictus |
graze, graze against; make tight all over; offend, make unfavorable mention |
| pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, pertentus |
reach; extend; relate to; concerns, pertain to |
| pertraho, pertrahere, pertraxi, pertractus |
draw or drag through or to, bring or conduct forcibly to; draw on, lure |
| perturbatio, perturbationis F |
disturbance; commotion |
| perturbo, perturbare, perturbavi, perturbatus |
confuse, throw into confusion; disturb, perturb, trouble; alarm |
| pervulgo, pervulgare, pervulgavi, pervulgatus |
make publicly known, spread abroad |
| pes, pedis M |
foot |
| pestilentia, pestilentiae F |
plague; pestilence; fever |
| philosophus, philosopha, philosophum |
philosophical |
| pignus, pignoris N |
pledge, hostage, mortgage; bet, stake; symbol; relict |
| pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus |
paint, tint, color; adorn/decorate w/colored designs; paint/draw/depict/portray |
| pius, pia -um, -, piissimus -a -um |
conscientious; upright; faithful; patriotic/dutiful, respectful; righteous/good |
| planitas, planitatis F |
distinctness |
| plaudo, plaudere, plausi, plausus |
clap, strike, pat; beat; applaud; express approval |
| plebs, plebis F |
common people, general citizens, commons/plebeians; lower class/ranks; mob/mass |
| plo, plare, plavi, platus |
multiply by X, X-tuple, increase X fold |
| pondus, ponderis N |
weight, burden, impediment |
| populo, populare, populavi, populatus |
ravage, devastate, lay waste; plunder; despoil, strip |
| porrum, porri N |
leek |
| posco, poscere, poposci, - |
ask, demand |
| positio, positionis F |
position, place; framing; method of presenting; downbeat |
| possideo, possidere, possedi, possessus |
seize, hold, be master of; possess, take/hold possession of, occupy; inherit |
| post |
behind, after; subordinate to |
| postea |
afterwards |
| postquam |
after |
| postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus |
demand, claim; require; ask/pray for |
| potissimus, potissima, potissimum |
chief, principal, most prominent/powerful; strongest; foremost |
| prae |
before, in front; in view of, because of |
| praecerpo, praecerpere, praecerpsi, praecerptus |
pluck before time; pluck or cut off; gather before it's time |
| praecurro, praecurrere, praecurri, praecursus |
run before, hasten on before; precede; anticipate |
| praefor, praefari, praefatus sum |
say/utter/mention beforehand/in advance; recite |
| praeparatio, praeparationis F |
preparation |
| praeposterus, praepostera, praeposterum |
in the wrong order; wrong-headed; topsy-turvy |
| praescribo, praescribere, praescripsi, praescriptus |
order, direct |
| praesertim |
especially; particularly |
| praesidium, praesidi(i) N |
protection; help; guard; garrison, detachment |
| praestans, praestantis (gen.), praestantior -or -us, praestantissimus -a -um |
excellent, outstanding, surpassing all |
| praesum, praeesse, praefui, praefuturus |
be in charge/control/head; take the lead; be present |
| praetor, praetoris M |
praetor; abb. pr. |
| praevaleo, praevalere, praevalui, - |
prevail; have superior power/force/weight/influence/worth/efficacy |
| pravitas, pravitatis F |
bad condition; viciousness, perverseness, depravity |
| pravus, prava, pravum |
crooked; misshapen, deformed; perverse, vicious, corrupt; faulty; bad |
| premo, premere, pressi, pressus |
press, press hard, pursue; oppress; overwhelm |
| pretium, preti(i) N |
price/value/worth; reward/pay; money; prayer/request |
| pridem |
some time ago, previously |
| pridie |
day before |
| primordium, primordi(i) N |
first beginning, origin, commencement, beginnings |
| primus, prima, primum |
first, foremost/best, chief, principal; nearest/next |
| principatus, principatus M |
first place; rule; leadership; supremacy; chief command |
| principium, principi(i) N |
beginning |
| principor, principari, principatus sum |
rule; rule over |
| priscus, prisca, priscum |
ancient, early, former |
| privo, privare, privavi, privatus |
deprive, rob, free |
| probabilis, probabile, probabilior -or -us, probabilissimus -a -um |
commendable/admirable; justifiable; plausible/credible/demonstrable; probable |
| probatio, probationis F |
approval; testing/inspection/passing; criterion, test; proof; evidence |
| probitas, probitatis F |
uprightness, honesty, probity |
| probus, proba, probum |
good, honest |
| procer, proceris M |
nobles, chiefs, princes; leading men of the country/society/profession |
| procul |
away; at distance, far off |
| procurator, procuratoris M |
manager, overseer; agent, deputy |
| prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus |
project, thrust forward; bring forth, produce, give birth to; create; nominate |
| proeliator, proeliatoris M |
fighter; combatant |
| proelium, proeli(i) N |
battle/fight/bout/conflict/dispute; armed/hostile encounter; bout of strength |
| profano, profanare, profanavi, profanatus |
desecrate, profane |
| professio, professionis F |
profession |
| profluo, profluere, profluxi, profluctus |
flow forth or along; emanate |
| promo, promere, promsi, promptus |
take/bring out/forth; bring into view; bring out/display on the stage |
| promptus, prompta -um, promptior -or -us, promptissimus -a -um |
set forth, brought forward, manifest, disclosed; willing, ready, eager, quick |
| propior, propior, propius |
nearer, closer; more recent |
| propitio, propitiare, propitiavi, propitiatus |
propitiate, render favorable, win over; sooth |
| propono, proponere, proposui, propositus |
display; propose; relate; put or place forward |
| propter |
near; on account of; by means of; because of |
| propugno, propugnare, propugnavi, propugnatus |
fight |
| prosperus, prospera -um, prosperior -or -us, prosperrimus -a -um |
prosperous, successful/triumphal; lucky/favorable/propitious |
| prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus |
knock over, lay low; strike down, overthrow; exhaust; debase/demean; prostrate |
| prout |
as, just as; exactly as |
| proveho, provehere, provexi, provectus |
carry; pass, be carried, ride, sail |
| prudens, prudentis (gen.), prudentior -or -us, prudentissimus -a -um |
aware, skilled; sensible, prudent; farseeing; experienced |
| prudentia, prudentiae F |
discretion; good sense, wisdom; prudence; foresight |
| pudeo, pudere, pudui, puditus |
be ashamed; make ashamed |
| pudor, pudoris M |
decency, shame; sense of honor; modesty; bashfulness |
| pugna, pugnae F |
battle, fight |
| pugnacitas, pugnacitatis F |
bellicosity, aggressiveness; desire to fight; pugnacity; aggression |
| pulchre, pulchrius, pulcherrime |
fine, beautifully |
| pulchritudo, pulchritudinis F |
beauty, excellence |
| purus, pura -um, purior -or -us, purissimus -a -um |
pure, clean, unsoiled; free from defilement/taboo/stain; blameless, innocent |
| qu |
certain |
| qu |
whoever it be, whomever you please; any whatever; anything whatever |
| quadriennium, quadriennii N |
period of four years |
| quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus |
search for, seek, strive for; obtain; ask, inquire, demand |
| quaestura, quaesturae F |
quaestorship; public money |
| quam |
how, how much; as, than |
| quantulus, quantula, quantulum |
how small/little/trifling a...; how small!; of what size |
| quatenus |
how far/long?, to what point; to what extent; where; while, so far as; since |
| quatio, quatere, -, quassus |
shake |
| quattuor |
4 |
| quattuor, quartus -a -um, quaterni -ae -a, - |
4 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 4s |
| queror, queri, questus sum |
complain; protest, grumble, gripe; make formal complaint in court of law |
| quiddam, cuiusdam |
a certain, a certain thing; somebody, one, something |
| quies, quietis F |
quiet, calm, rest, peace; sleep |
| quin |
why not, in fact |
| quingenti -ae -a, quingentesimus -a -um, quingeni -ae -a, quingentie(n)s |
|
| quinquaginta |
50 |
| quisvis, cuiusvis |
any whatever and INDEF whoever it be, whom you please; any whatever |
| quod |
with respect to which |
| quotiens |
how often; as often as |
| radior, radiari, radiatus sum |
beam, shine; radiate light |
| recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus |
read aloud, recite; name in writing |
| recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditus |
hide, conceal; put away |
| recordatio, recordationis F |
recollection |
| recurro, recurrere, recurri, recursus |
run or hasten back; return; have recourse |
| recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus |
reject, refuse, refuse to; object; decline |
| reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus |
return; restore; deliver; hand over, pay back, render, give back; translate |
| redeo, redire, redivi(ii), reditus |
return, go back, give back; fall back on, revert to; respond, pay back |
| redoleo, redolere, redolui, - |
emit a scent, be odorous |
| redundo, redundare, redundavi, redundatus |
overflow; be too numerous |
| refercio, refercire, refersi, refertus |
fill up, stuff/cram full; pack close, condense, mass together |
| refertus, referta -um, refertior -or -us, refertissimus -a -um |
stuffed, crammed, filled full to bursting with, replete; crowded; loaded |
| reformido, reformidare, reformidavi, reformidatus |
dread; shun; shrink from; recoil at the sight of |
| regnum, regni N |
royal power; power; control; kingdom |
| remedium, remedi(i) N |
remedy, cure; medicine |
| remissio, remissionis F |
sending back/away, returning, releasing; abating; forgiveness; remiss |
| remitto, remittere, remisi, remissus |
send back, remit; throw back, relax, diminish |
| removeo, removere, removi, remotus |
move back; put away; withdraw; remove |
| repente |
suddenly, unexpectedly |
| reperio, reperire, repperi, repertus |
discover, learn; light on; find/obtain/get; find out/to be, get to know; invent |
| repeto, repetere, repetivi, repetitus |
return to; get back; demand back/again; repeat; recall; claim |
| repono, reponere, reposui, repositus |
put back; restore; store; repeat |
| repugno, repugnare, repugnavi, repugnatus |
fight back, oppose; be incompatible with; disagree with |
| resisto, resistere, restiti, - |
pause; continue; resist, oppose; reply; withstand, stand; make a stand |
| respicio, respicere, respexi, respectus |
look back at; gaze at; consider; respect; care for, provide for |
| respuo, respuere, respui, - |
reject, spit, spew out; turn away, repel; reject, destain, spurn, refuse |
| retineo, retinere, retinui, retentus |
hold back, restrain; uphold; delay; hold fast; retain,preserve |
| retracto, retractare, retractavi, retractatus |
undertake anew; draw back, be reluctant; reconsider; withdraw |
| revereor, revereri, reveritus sum |
respect, stand in awe of, honor, fear; reverence, revere, venerate |
| revertor, reverti, reversus sum |
turn back, go back, return; recur |
| revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatus |
call back, recall; revive; regain |
| rex, regis M |
king |
| rideo, ridere, risi, risus |
laugh at, laugh; ridicule |
| ridiculus, ridicula, ridiculum |
laughable, funny, comic, amusing; absurd, silly, ridiculous |
| rixor, rixari, rixatus sum |
quarrel violently, brawl, dispute |
| robur, roboris N |
oak; tough core; resolve/purpose; B:tetanus |
| robustus, robusta -um, robustior -or -us, robustissimus -a -um |
of oak; hard/firm/solid; hardy/robust/durable, able to resist change; valiant |
| rostrum, rostri N |
beak, curved bow; speaker's platform |
| rota, rotae F |
wheel |
| rubigo, rubiginis F |
rust; mildew, blight; a foul deposit in the mouth |
| rubor, ruboris M |
redness, blush; modesty, capacity to blush; shame, disgrace, what causes blush |
| rursum |
turned back, backward; on the contrary/other hand, in return, in turn, again |
| sacerdos, sacerdotis |
priest, priestess |
| sacrarium, sacrari(i) N |
shrine, sanctuary |
| salto, saltare, saltavi, saltatus |
dance, jump; portray or represent in a dance |
| saluber, salubris -e, salubrior -or -us, saluberrimus -a -um |
healthy, salubrious; salutary, beneficial; in good condition; wholesome |
| salus, salutis F |
health; prosperity; good wish; greeting; salvation, safety |
| salutatio, salutationis F |
greeting, salutation; formal morning call paid by client on patron/Emperor |
| sanctitas, sanctitatis F |
inviolability, sanctity, moral purity, virtue, piety, purity, holiness |
| sanctus, sancta -um, sanctior -or -us, sanctissimus -a -um |
consecrated, sacred, inviolable; venerable, august, divine, holy, pious, just |
| sanguinans, (gen.), sanguinantis |
bloodthirsty |
| sanguis, sanguinis M |
blood; family |
| sapiens, sapientis (gen.), sapientior -or -us, sapientissimus -a -um |
rational; sane, of sound mind; wise, judicious, understanding; discreet |
| sapientia, sapientiae F |
wisdom; judgment/understanding; reason |
| sapio, sapere, sapivi, - |
taste of; understand; have sense |
| satio, satiare, satiavi, satiatus |
satisfy, sate; nourish |
| scaena, scaenae F |
theater stage,"boards"; scene; theater; public stage/view, publicity |
| scaurus, scaura, scaurum |
with swollen ankles |
| scrutor, scrutari, scrutatus sum |
search/probe/examine carefully/thoroughly; explore/scan/scrutinize/investigate |
| scurrilitas, scurrilitatis F |
buffoonery; quality of a scurra, untimely/offensive humor |
| sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus |
sit, remain; settle; encamp |
| sedes, sedis F |
seat; home, residence; settlement, habitation; chair |
| seditio, seditionis F |
sedition, riot, strife,rebellion |
| semel |
once, on one occasion |
| semen, seminis N |
seed |
| semoveo, semovere, semovi, semotus |
separate, set aside; remove, set apart, isolate |
| sensus, sensus M |
feeling, sense |
| separo, separare, separavi, separatus |
divide, distinguish; separate |
| septimus, -a, -um |
7th |
| series, seriei F |
row, series, secession, chain, train, sequence, order |
| serius, seria, serium |
serious, grave |
| sero, serere, sevi, satus |
sow, plant; strew, scatter, spread; cultivate; beget, bring forth |
| servio, servire, servivi, servitus |
serve; be a slave to; with DAT |
| servo, servare, servavi, servatus |
watch over; protect, store, keep, guard, preserve, save |
| servus, servi M |
slave; servant |
| sesterti |
two and a half |
| sex, sextus -a -um, seni -ae -a, sexie(n)s |
6th-; 6th |
| sex |
6 |
| siccus, sicca, siccum |
dry |
| sidus, sideris N |
star; constellation; tempest |
| significatio, significationis F |
signal, outward sign; indication, applause; meaning; suggestion, hint |
| significo, significare, significavi, significatus |
signify, indicate, show |
| silentium, silenti(i) N |
silence |
| similis, simile, similior -or -us, simillimus -a -um |
like, similar, resembling |
| similitudo, similitudinis F |
likeness, imitation; similarity, resemblance; by-word; parable |
| simplex, (gen.), simplicis |
single; simple, unaffected; plain |
| simpliciter, simplicius, simplicissime |
simply/just; w/out complexity; candidly/openly/frankly; innocently; as one item |
| sin |
but if; if on the contrary |
| sincerus, sincera -um, sincerior -or -us, sincerissimus -a -um |
clean, pure, uninjured, whole; sound, genuine, truthful, candid, sincere |
| sino, sinere, sivi, situs |
allow, permit |
| sinus, sinus M |
curved or bent surface; bending, curve, fold; bosom, lap; bay |
| societas, societatis F |
society; alliance/partnership; trading company; fellowship, communion |
| socius, socia, socium |
sharing; associated; allied |
| solacium, solaci(i) N |
comfort, solace; relief in sorrow/misfortune; source of comfort/consolation |
| solidus, solida -um, solidior -or -us, solidissimus -a -um |
solid; same material throughout, unalloyed; not hollow; dense; unbroken/whole |
| solitudo, solitudinis F |
solitude, loneliness; deprivation; wilderness |
| sollicitudo, sollicitudinis F |
anxiety, concern, solicitude |
| solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus |
loosen, release, unbind, untie, free; open; set sail; scatter; pay off/back |
| somnus, somni M |
sleep |
| sonus, soni M |
noise, sound |
| sordeo, sordere, sordui, sorditus |
be dirty/soiled; seem mean/unworthy/not good enough/common/coarse/vile/ignoble |
| sordes, sordis F |
filth, dirt, uncleanness, squalor; meanness, stinginess; humiliation, baseness |
| sordidus, sordida -um, sordidior -or -us, sordidissimus -a -um |
dirty, unclean, foul, filthy; vulgar, sordid; low, base, mean, paltry; vile |
| spes, spei F |
hope/anticipation/expectation; prospect/hope/promise |
| spiritus, spiritus M |
breath, breathing, air, soul, life |
| splendeo, splendere, splendui, - |
shine/gleam/glitter, be bright/radiant/resplendent/distinguished |
| splendidus, splendida, splendidum |
splendid, glittering |
| splendor, splendoris M |
brilliance, luster, sheen; magnificence, sumptuousness, grandeur, splendor |
| spolio, spoliare, spoliavi, spoliatus |
rob, strip; despoil, plunder; deprive |
| spons, spontis F |
free will |
| statio, stationis F |
outpost, picket; station; watch |
| statua, statuae F |
statue; image |
| stilus, stili M |
stylus, pencil, iron pen; column, pillar |
| stimulo, stimulare, stimulavi, stimulatus |
urge forward with a goad, torment,"sting"; incite, rouse to frenzy |
| strepo, strepere, strepui, strepitus |
make a loud noise; shout confusedly; resound |
| struo, struere, struxi, structus |
build, construct |
| stultus, stulta, stultum |
foolish, stupid |
| suasorius, suasoria, suasorium |
persuasive, seductive; concerned with advice/counseling |
| sub |
under; up to, up under, close to; until, before, up to, about |
| subeo, subire, subivi(ii), subitus |
go/move/pass/sink/extend underneath/into; climb/come/go up, ascend; steal in on |
| subicio, subicere, subjeci, subjectus |
throw under, place under; make subject; expose |
| subinde |
immediately after, thereupon; constantly, repeatedly |
| sublimis, sublime, sublimior -or -us, sublimissimus -a -um |
high, lofty; eminent, exalted, elevated; raised on high; in high position |
| subministro, subministrare, subministravi, subministratus |
supply, furnish, afford |
| subnixus, subnixa, subnixum |
relying on; elated by |
| suboles, subolis F |
shoot, sucker; race; offspring; progeny |
| subrideo, subridere, subrisi, subrisus |
smile |
| subsellium, subselli(i) N |
bench/low seat; tribunes seat; courts |
| subsisto, subsistere, substiti, - |
halt, stand; cause to stop |
| substantia, substantiae F |
nature; substance, resources, wealth |
| subtilitas, subtilitatis F |
fineness of texture/logic/detail; slenderness/exactness/acuteness; sharpness |
| subtiliter, subtilius, subtilissime |
finely; delicately; acutely, exactly; minutely; strictly, literally; logically |
| sudo, sudare, sudavi, sudatus |
sweat, perspire |
| supellex, supellectilis F |
furniture, house furnishings; paraphernalia, articles necessary for business |
| superfluo, superfluere, superfluxi, superfluxus |
overflow, flow over brim/sides/surface; be superfluous/superabundant/surplus |
| supero, superare, superavi, superatus |
overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; surpass, be above, have the upper hand |
| superstes, (gen.), superstitis |
outliving, surviving; standing over/near; present, witnessing |
| supersum, superesse, superfui, superfuturus |
be left over; survive; be in excess/superfluous; remain to be performed |
| superus, supera -um, superior -or -us, supremus -a -um |
above, high; higher, upper, of this world; greatest, last, highest |
| supervacuus, supervacua, supervacuum |
superfluous, redundant, more than needed; unnecessary, pointless, purposeless |
| supo, supare, supavi, supatus |
throw; pour; strew, scatter |
| surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus |
rise, lift; grow |
| suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum |
mistrust, suspect; suppose |
| sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, sustentus |
support; check; put off; put up with; sustain; hold back |
| tabella, tabellae F |
small board; writing tablet; picture; ballot; deed, document, letter |
| tabularium, tabulari(i) N |
collection of tablets; record-office, registry |
| taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitus |
be silent; pass over in silence; leave unmentioned, be silent about something |
| talis, talis, tale |
such; so great; so excellent; of such kind |
| tardo, tardare, tardavi, tardatus |
check, retard; hinder |
| tardus, tarda -um, tardior -or -us, tardissimus -a -um |
slow, limping; deliberate; late |
| tegula, tegulae F |
roof-tile |
| telum, teli N |
dart, spear; weapon, javelin; bullet |
| temerarius, temeraria, temerarium |
casual, rash, accidental; reckless |
| temeritas, temeritatis F |
rashness; temerity |
| temperamentum, temperamenti N |
right proportion, middle way, mean, moderation |
| tempestivus, tempestiva, tempestivum |
seasonable; opportune, timely; physically in one's prime, ripe |
| templum, templi N |
temple, church; shrine; holy place |
| tepor, teporis M |
warmth, mild heat |
| ter |
three times; on three occasions |
| termino, terminare, terminavi, terminatus |
mark the boundaries of, form the boundaries of; restrict; conclude |
| terra, terrae F |
earth, land, ground; country, region |
| terreo, terrere, terrui, territus |
frighten, scare, terrify, deter |
| terror, terroris M |
terror, panic, alarm, fear |
| tertius, tertia, tertium |
third |
| testamentum, testamenti N |
will, testament; covenant |
| testimonium, testimoni(i) N |
testimony; deposition; evidence; witness |
| testis, testis |
witness |
| testor, testari, testatus sum |
give as evidence; bear witness; make a will; swear; testify |
| tinnio, tinnire, tinnivi, tinnitus |
ring/clang/jangle; ring; utter a shrill/metallic sound |
| tiro, tironis M |
recruit; beginner, novice |
| titulus, tituli M |
title; label; heading; placard/tablet; pretext, ostensible motive |
| toga, togae F |
toga |
| togatus, togata, togatum |
wearing a toga; civilian; of Roman status |
| tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus |
lift, raise; destroy; remove, steal; take/lift up/away |
| torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus |
parch, roast, scorch, bake, burn; dry up; begin to burn; harden by charring |
| torus, tori M |
swelling, protuberance; mussel, brawn; bed, couch, stuffed bolster, cushion |
| totidem, undeclined |
as many; just so/as many; the equivalent number of, same |
| tranquillitas, tranquillitatis F |
stillness; tranquility |
| transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatus |
transport/convey/transfer/shift; transpose; carry/bring across/over; transplant |
| transgredior, transgredi, transgressus sum |
cross, go/move/travel over/across; go to other side; change allegiance/policy |
| trecenti -ae -a, trecentesimus -a -um, treceni -ae -a, trecentie(n)s |
|
| trepidatio, trepidationis F |
fear/alarm; nervousness/trepidation; physical trembling/twitching; oscillation |
| trepidus, trepida, trepidum |
nervous, jumpy, agitated; perilous, alarming, frightened; boiling, foaming |
| tribunatus, tribunatus M |
tribuneship, office of tribune |
| tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus |
divide, assign; present; grant, allot, bestow, attribute |
| tristis, tristis, triste |
sad, sorrowful; gloomy |
| trucido, trucidare, trucidavi, trucidatus |
slaughter, butcher, massacre |
| tumeo, tumere, -, - |
swell, become inflated; be puffed up; be bombastic; be swollen with conceit |
| tumulus, tumuli M |
mound, hillock; mound, tomb |
| tunicatus, tunicata, tunicatum |
clothed in a tunic |
| turbidus, turbida, turbidum |
wild/stormy; muddy/turbid; murky/foggy/clouded/opaque; gloomy, frowning |
| turpis, turpe, turpior -or -us, turpissimus -a -um |
ugly; nasty; disgraceful; indecent; base, shameful, disgusting, repulsive |
| tutela, tutelae F |
tutelage, guardianship |
| tutor, tutoris M |
protector, defender; guardian, watcher; tutor |
| tutus, tuta -um, tutior -or -us, tutissimus -a -um |
safe, prudent; secure; protected |
| tyrannicida, tyrannicidae M |
tyrannicide, killer/slayer a tyrant/despot |
| uber, uberis (gen.), uberior -or -us, uberrimus -a -um |
fertile, rich, abundant, abounding, fruitful, plentiful, copious, productive |
| ubertas, ubertatis F |
fruitfulness, fertility; abundance, plenty |
| ultra, ulterius, ultimum |
beyond, further; on the other side; more, more than, in addition, besides |
| unde |
from where, whence, from what or which place; from which; from whom |
| undecim, undecimus -a -um, undeni -ae -a, undecie(n)s |
|
| unetvicesimus, unetvicesima, unetvicesimum |
twenty-first |
| uniformis, uniformis, uniforme |
uniform; having only one shape |
| urbanitas, urbanitatis F |
city living, city life/manners, life in Rome; sophistication, polish, wit |
| uro, urere, ussi, ustus |
burn |
| usus, usus M |
use, enjoyment; experience, skill, advantage; custom |
| uterum, uteri N |
womb; belly, abdomen |
| utiliter, utilius, utilissime |
usefully/profitably/to advantage; interestedly; validly/effectively/practically |
| utinam |
if only, would that |
| vacuus, vacua, vacuum |
empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free of |
| vagus, vaga, vagum |
roving, wandering |
| valens, valentis (gen.), valentior -or -us, valentissimus -a -um |
strong; vigorous/healthy/robust; powerful/potent/effective; severe; influential |
| valeo, valere, valui, valitus |
be strong/powerful/influential/healthy; prevail |
| valetudinarium, valetudinarii N |
hospital |
| vanesco, vanescere, -, - |
vanish, fade, disappear |
| varietas, varietatis F |
variety, difference; mottled appearance |
| vario, variare, variavi, variatus |
mark with contrasting colors, variegate; vary, waver; fluctuate, change |
| vehemens, vehementis (gen.), vehementior -or -us, vehementissimus -a -um |
violent, severe, vehement; emphatic, vigorous, lively |
| veluti |
just as, as if |
| vena, venae F |
blood-vessel, vein; artery; pulse; fissure, pore, cavity; vein of ore/talent |
| venerabilis, venerabilis, venerabile |
venerable, august |
| veneratio, venerationis F |
veneration, reverence, worship |
| veneror, venerari, veneratus sum |
adore, revere, do homage to, honor, venerate; worship; beg, pray, entreat |
| verecundia, verecundiae F |
shame; respect; modesty |
| veritas, veritatis F |
truth, fact, accuracy; honesty, truthfulness, frankness; sincerity, uprightness |
| vernaculus, vernacula, vernaculum |
domestic, homegrown; indigenous, native; country; low-bred, proletarian |
| verrinus, verrina, verrinum |
of a boar |
| verro, verrere, verri, versus |
sweep clean; sweep together; sweep; skim, sweep; sweep along |
| versus, versus M |
line, verse; furrow, ground traversed before turn; row/string, bench |
| vestigium, vestigi(i) N |
step, track; trace; footstep |
| vestis, vestis F |
garment, clothing, blanket; clothes; robe |
| veternus, veterni M |
morbid state of torpor |
| vetustas, vetustatis F |
old age; antiquity; long duration |
| via, viae F |
way, road, street; journey |
| vicesimus, -a, -um |
20th-; 20th |
| vicinus, vicina, vicinum |
nearby, neighboring |
| vicis, vicis F |
turn, change, succession; exchange, interchange, repayment; plight, lot |
| vindico, vindicare, vindicavi, vindicatus |
claim, vindicate; punish, avenge |
| viridis, viridis, viride |
fresh, green; blooming,youthful |
| virilis, virilis, virile |
manly, virile; mature |
| virtus, virtutis F |
strength/power; courage/bravery; worth/manliness/virtue/character/excellence |
| vitio, vitiare, vitiavi, vitiatus |
make faulty, spoil, damage; vitiate |
| vitupero, vituperare, vituperavi, vituperatus |
find fault with, blame, reproach, disparage, scold, censure |
| vixdum |
scarcely yet, only just |
| vocabulum, vocabuli N |
noun, common/concrete noun; word used to designate thing/idea, term, name |
| volucer, volucris, volucre |
winged; able to fly; flying; in rapid motion, fleet/swift; transient, fleeting |
| volumen, voluminis N |
book, chapter, fold |
| voluntarius, voluntaria, voluntarium |
willing, voluntary |
| voveo, vovere, vovi, votus |
vow, dedicate, consecrate |
| vox, vocis F |
voice, tone, expression |
| vulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, vulgatus |
spread around/among the multitude; publish, divulge, circulate; prostitute |
| vulgus, vulgi N |
common people/general public/multitude/common herd/rabble/crowd/mob; flock |