| Achilles, Achillis M |
Achilles, Greek hero |
| Aeacides, Aeacidae |
descendent of Aeacus; Achilles |
| Aegyptius, Aegyptia, Aegyptium |
Egyptian; of/connected with Egypt |
| Aemilius, Aemilia, Aemilium |
Aemilian; of Aemilius gens |
| Aethiops, Aethiopis |
Ethiopian, of/connected with Ethiopia/Sudan/central Africa |
| Afer, Afra, Afrum |
African; of/connected with Africa |
| Africanus, Africana, Africanum |
African; from/of Africa; plants/animals from Africa |
| Agrippina, Agrippinae F |
Agrippina |
| Ajax, Ajacis |
Greek hero |
| Albis, Albis M |
Elbe |
| Alexandrea, Alexandreae F |
Alexandria |
| Alexandria, Alexandriae F |
Alexandria |
| Antichristus, Antichristi M |
Antichrist; man of sin |
| Ap., abb. |
Appius; Ap.Cl. Caecus built Appian Way |
| Aprilis, Aprilis, Aprile |
April; abb. Apr. |
| Aquileia, Aquileiae F |
Aquileia |
| Aquilius, Aquilia, Aquilium |
Aquilius; of/named after Aquilius |
| Aquitania, Aquitaniae F |
Aquitania, one of the divisions of Gaul/France |
| Armenius, Armenia, Armenium |
Armenian |
| Asiaticus, Asiatica, Asiaticum |
Asiatic, of/connected with Asia/the East/Asia Minor; w/Asiatic/florid style |
| Athena, Athenae F |
Athens; inhabitants of Athens, Athenians |
| Au., abb. |
Aulus |
| Aulus, Auli M |
Aulus |
| Babylon, Babylonos/is F |
Babylon; people of Babylon |
| Bitias, Bitiae |
Bitias, the name of a Tyrian at Dido’s court, and of a companion of Aeneas |
| Bononia, Bononiae F |
Bologna |
| Brundisium, Brundisii |
city on the heel of the Italian peninsula |
| CXX |
120, as a Roman numeral |
| Capitolinus, Capitolina, Capitolinum |
Capitoline; of the Capitol |
| Carthaginiensis, Carthaginiensis M |
Carthaginian, inhabitant of Carthage |
| Catilina, Catilinae |
Catiline, conspirator against Rome |
| Ceres, Cereris F |
Ceres; wheat; bread; food |
| Cimber, Cimbri M |
one of the Cimberi, a German tribe, who invaded Gaul |
| Cimbricus, Cimbrica, Cimbricum |
Cimbrian; of the Cimbri |
| Claudius, Claudia, Claudium |
Claudius; Roman gens; the Lame |
| Clodius, Clodia, Clodium |
Claudian; of Claudius gens |
| Constantius, Constantii M |
Constantius |
| Cyclops, Cyclopos/is M |
Cyclops; one of the Cyclopes |
| December, Decembris, Decembre |
December; abb. Dec.; of/pertaining to December |
| Diana, Dianae F |
Diana; moon |
| Dionysius, Dionysi(i) M |
Dionysius; Dennis; St Dennis of Paris |
| Domitianus, Domitiani M |
Domitian |
| Domitius, Domitia, Domitium |
Domitius |
| Europa, Europae F |
Europe |
| Falernum, Falerni N |
Falernian wine |
| Faliscus, Falisca, Faliscum |
of/belonging to Falisci |
| Faunus, Fauni M |
rustic god; deity of forest, herdsman; sometimes identified with Pan |
| Flaccus, Flacci M |
Flaccus |
| Flora, Florae F |
Flora; goddess of flowers |
| Germania, Germaniae F |
Germany |
| Gigas, Gigantos/is M |
giant; Giant; the Giants |
| Gnaeus, Gnaei M |
Gnaeus |
| Gothus, Gothi M |
Goth |
| Hannibal, Hannibalis M |
Hannibal |
| Hector, Hectoris M |
Hector |
| Hippo, Hipponis M |
Hippo |
| III |
3, as a Roman numeral |
| IIII |
4, as a Roman numeral |
| Idus, Idus F |
Ides, abb. Id.; 15th of month, March, May, July, Oct., 13th elsewhen |
| Indicus, Indica, Indicum |
Indian |
| Indus, Inda, Indum |
Indian, from/of/belonging to India; of Indian ivory |
| Jan., abb. |
January; abb. Jan. |
| Jesus, Jesu M |
Jesus |
| Judes, Judae M |
Judah; Jude; Judas; a son of Jacob; tribe of Judah |
| Julius, Juli M |
Julius |
| Junius, Junia, Junium |
June; abb. Jun. |
| Juno, Junonis F |
Juno |
| Jupiter, Jovis M |
Jupiter; heavens/sky |
| Labeo, Labeonis M |
Labeo; one who has large/blubber lips |
| Lar, Laris M |
Lares; tutelary god/gods of home/hearth/crossroads; home/dwelling |
| Latius, Latia, Latium |
Latin; of Latium; Roman; Italian |
| Liburnicus, Liburnica, Liburnicum |
of/belonging to the Liburian/Illyrian/Croatian people |
| Lucius, Luci M |
Lucius |
| Macedonius, Macedonia, Macedonium |
Macedonian, of/from/belonging to Macedonia |
| Marcus, Marci M |
Marcus |
| Maro, Maronis M |
Maro; mythical character; for outstanding poets |
| Maurus, Mauri M |
Moor; Mauretanian |
| Mausoleum, Mausolei N |
Mausoleum; large/ornate tomb |
| Minerva, Minervae F |
Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom |
| Nicomedia, Nicomediae F |
Nicomedia, capital of Bithynia |
| Non., abb. |
Nones; 7th of month, March, May, July, Oct., 5th elsewhen |
| Olympia, Olympiae F |
Olympia |
| Olympus, Olympi M |
Olympus; Mt Olympus in Greece; the gods; heaven |
| Orcus, Orci M |
god of the underworld, Dis; death; the underworld |
| Petrus, Petri M |
Peter |
| Phoebe, Phoebes F |
Diana; moon goddess |
| Phoebus, Phoebi |
Apollo, Helios, the sun |
| Phrygius, Phrygia, Phrygium |
Phrygian, of Phyrigia; Trojan |
| Pluto, Plutonis M |
Pluto; king of underworld |
| Pollux, Pollucis M |
Pollux |
| Pompeianus, Pompeiana, Pompeianum |
Pompeian; of/belonging to member of Pompian gens |
| Quinquatrus, Quinquatrus F |
Minerva festival |
| Quintilis, Quintilis, Quintile |
July; abb. Quin.??; renamed Julius in 44 BC; in 5th place |
| Ravenna, Ravennae F |
Ravenna |
| Samius, Samia, Samium |
of/belonging to Samos |
| Samos, Sami |
the island of Samos |
| Sarmata, Sarmatae M |
Sarmatian; people from south Russia/Iran |
| Saturninus, Saturnini M |
Saturninus |
| Seneca, Senecae M |
Seneca; playwright; philosopher |
| September, Septembris, Septembre |
September; abb. Sept.; of/pertaining to September |
| Sex., abb. |
Sextus |
| Sphinx, Sphingis F |
Sphinx |
| Subura, Suburae F |
valley between Esquiline and Viminal hills of Rome |
| Suebus, Suebi M |
Swabian |
| Syracuses, Syracusae F |
Syracuse |
| Syria, Syriae F |
Syria |
| Syrus, Syra, Syrum |
Syrian, of Syria |
| T., abb. |
Titus, Roman praenomen |
| Tarquinius, Tarquini M |
Etruscan name |
| Thracius, Thracia, Thracium |
Thracian, of/belonging to Thrace; gem |
| Thrax, Thracis M |
Thracian; gladiator with saber and short shield, gladiator |
| Transalpinus, Transalpina, Transalpinum |
of/belonging to/situated in the region beyond the Alps |
| Troia, Troiae |
Troy |
| Ubius, Ubii M |
Ubii, German tribe, west of Rhine near Coblenz |
| V |
5, as a Roman numeral |
| VIIII |
9, as a Roman numeral |
| Vesta, Vestae F |
Vesta |
| Vestalis, Vestalis, Vestale |
Vestal, of Vesta |
| X |
10, as a Roman numeral |
| XIII |
13, as a Roman numeral |
| XIV / XIIII |
14, as a Roman numeral |
| XXV |
25, as a Roman numeral |
| XXX |
30, as a Roman numeral |
| Zenon, Zenonis M |
Zenon |
| abdico, abdicare, abdicavi, abdicatus |
resign, abdicate; abolish; disinherit; renounce, reject, expel, disapprove of |
| abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus |
remove, put away, set aside; depart, go away; hide, keep secret, conceal |
| abduco, abducere, abduxi, abductus |
lead away, carry off; detach, attract away, entice, seduce, charm; withdraw |
| abhinc |
since, ago, in past; from this time, henceforth; from this place, hence |
| abhorreo, abhorrere, abhorrui, - |
abhor, shrink back; be averse to, shudder at; differ from; be inconsistent |
| abies, abietis F |
fir tree/wood; white/silver fir, spruce; thing of fir, ship, spear; sea weed |
| absens, (gen.), absentis |
absent, missing, away, gone; physically elsewhere, non-existent |
| abundans, abundantis (gen.), abundantior -or -us, abundantissimus -a -um |
abundant; overflowing; abounding, copious, in large measure; overdone; rich |
| acceptus, accepta -um, acceptior -or -us, acceptissimus -a -um |
welcome, pleasing; popular with, well liked; dear; received/credited |
| accido, accidere, accidi, - |
fall upon/down/to/at or near, descend, alight; happen, occur; happen to |
| accieo, acciere, accivi, accitus |
send for, summon, fetch; invite; commit suicide |
| accommodo, accommodare, accommodavi, accommodatus |
adapt, adjust to, fit, suit; apply to, fasten on; apply/devote oneself to |
| accomodo, accomodare, accomodavi, accomodatus |
adapt, adjust to, fit, suit; apply to, fasten on; apply/devote oneself to |
| accubo, accubare, accubui, accubitus |
lie near or by; recline at table |
| accuso, accusare, accusavi, accusatus |
accuse, blame, find fault, impugn; reprimand; charge |
| acerbus, acerba -um, acerbior -or -us, acerbissimus -a -um |
harsh, strident, bitter, sour; unripe, green, unfinished; grievous; gloomy |
| acervus, acervi M |
mass/heap/pile/stack; treasure, stock; large quantity; cluster; funeral pile |
| acesco, acescere, acui, - |
turn/become sour |
| acinum, acini N |
grape; ivyberry or other small berry; pip, pit/seed |
| acnua, acnuae F |
square actus, a measure of land 120 yards square |
| acratophorum, acratophori N |
vessel for scented/unmixed wine |
| acroama, acroamatis N |
entertainment at table/reading/music, act; reader, actor, singer, clown |
| actio, actionis F |
act, action, activity, deed; incident; , plot; legal process, suit; plea |
| actus, actus M |
act, performance, delivery; action, deed; series/sequence; progress |
| aculeus, aculei M |
sting, spine, thorn, prickle, point, spike; barb; pang, prick; sarcasm |
| adaequo, adaequare, adaequavi, adaequatus |
equalize, make equal in height, come up to level; compare; be equal; raze |
| adclamatio, adclamationis F |
acclamation, shout; crying against; brawling |
| addico, addicere, addixi, addictus |
be propitious; adjudge, sentence, doom; confiscate; award, assign; enslave |
| adeo |
to such a degree/pass/point; precisely, exactly; thus far; indeed, truly, even |
| adequito, adequitare, adequitavi, adequitatus |
ride up to/towards/near, gallop up |
| adfector, adfectari, adfectatus sum |
aim at, desire, aspire, try, lay claim to; try to control; feign, pretend |
| adfero, adferre, adtuli, adlatus |
bring to, carry, convey; report, bring word, allege, announce; produce, cause |
| adfigo, adfigere, adfixi, adfixus |
fasten/fix/pin/attach to, annex; impress upon; pierce; chain, confine |
| adfinitas, adfinitatis F |
relation by marriage; relationship, bond/union; neighborhood |
| adfirmo, adfirmare, adfirmavi, adfirmatus |
affirm/assert; confirm, ratify, restore; emphasize |
| adflo, adflare, adflavi, adflatus |
blow/breathe; inspire, infuse; waft; graze; breathe poison on |
| adgnosco, adgnoscere, adgnovi, adgnitus |
recognize, realize, discern; acknowledge, claim, admit to/responsibility |
| adgravo, adgravare, adgravavi, adgravatus |
aggravate, exaggerate; weigh down, oppress; make heavier; embarrass further |
| adgredior, adgredi, adgressus sum |
approach, advance; attack, assail; undertake, seize, attempt |
| adhaereo, adhaerere, adhaesi, adhaesus |
adhere, stick, cling/cleave to; hang on; be attached/concerned/involved |
| adigo, adigere, adegi, adactus |
drive in/to, force, impel; cast, hurl; consign; bind |
| adjutor, adjutoris M |
assistant, deputy; accomplice; supporter; secretary; assistant schoolmaster |
| adjuvo, adjuvare, adjuvavi, adjuvatus |
help, aid, abet, encourage, favor; cherish, sustain; be of use, be profitable |
| adlego, adlegare, adlegavi, adlegatus |
depute/send as agent, commission, put up; suborn; urge/plea, lay before; allege |
| adlego, adlegere, adlegi, adlectus |
choose, admit, elect, recruit, select, appoint |
| adludo, adludere, adlusi, adlusus |
frolic/play/sport around/with, play against; jest, make mocking allusion to |
| admetior, admetiri, admensus sum |
measure out |
| admirabilis, admirabilis, admirabile |
admirable, wonderful; strange, astonishing, remarkable; paradoxical, contrary |
| admiror, admirari, admiratus sum |
admire, respect; regard with wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished |
| admisceo, admiscere, admiscui, admixtus |
mix, mix together; involve; add an ingredient to; contaminate; confuse, mix up |
| admixtio, admixtionis F |
mixture, admixture, mingling |
| admonitio, admonitionis F |
act of reminding; reminder, recurring symptom; warning, advice; rebuke |
| adnuntio, adnuntiare, adnuntiavi, adnuntiatus |
announce, say, make known; report, bring news; prophesy/announce before; preach |
| adolesco, adolescere, adolui, adultus |
grow up, mature, reach manhood/peak; become established/strong; grow, increase |
| adoperio, adoperire, adoperui, adopertus |
cover, cover over |
| adoptio, adoptionis F |
adoption of child; adoption into family; grafting |
| adopto, adoptare, adoptavi, adoptatus |
adopt, select, secure, pick out; wish/name for oneself; adopt legally |
| adoreus, adorea, adoreum |
pertaining to/consisting of emmer wheat/spelt |
| adorno, adornare, adornavi, adornatus |
equip, get ready, prepare; set off; adorn, array, embellish; honor, endow |
| adpeto, adpetere, adpetivi, adpetitus |
seek/grasp after, desire; assail; strive eagerly/long for; approach, near |
| adporto, adportare, adportavi, adportatus |
carry/convey/bring; import; present; bring; make one's way |
| adscribo, adscribere, adscripsi, adscriptus |
add/state in writing, insert; appoint; enroll, enfranchise; reckon, number |
| adsiduus, adsidua -um, adsiduior -or -us, adsiduissimus -a -um |
constant, regular; unremitting, incessant; ordinary; landowning, first-class |
| adsisto, adsistere, adstiti, adstatus |
take a position/stand, attend; appear before; set/place near |
| adstringo, adstringere, adstrinxi, adstrictus |
tie up/down/back/on/together/tightly; bind, grasp, tighten, fix; form boundary |
| adsumo, adsumere, adsumpsi, adsumptus |
take, adopt/raise, use; assume/receive; insert/add; usurp/claim |
| adsurgo, adsurgere, adsurrexi, adsurrectus |
rise/stand up, rise to one's feet/from bed; climb, lift oneself; grow; soar |
| adulatio, adulationis F |
flattery, adulation; prostrating oneself; fawning, courtship |
| adulescentulus, adulescentula, adulescentulum |
very youthful, quite young |
| adulter, adultera, adulterum |
impure/adulterated; mixed/crossbred; adulterous, unchaste; of adulterer |
| adulterinus, adulterina, adulterinum |
counterfeit, forged, false; impure, mixed, crossbred; adulterous, illicit |
| adultero, adulterare, adulteravi, adulteratus |
commit adultery, defile; falsify, counterfeit, debase, corrupt |
| aduro, adurere, adussi, adustus |
scorch, singe; burn; consume in fire |
| adveho, advehere, advexi, advectus |
carry, bring, convey |
| adventicius, adventicia, adventicium |
foreign, coming from abroad/without, external; unusual; accidental, casual |
| adverso, adversare, adversavi, adversatus |
apply, direct |
| advoco, advocare, advocavi, advocatus |
call, summon, invite, convoke, call for; call in as counsel; invoke the Gods |
| advolo, advolare, advolavi, advolatus |
fly to, dash to, hasten towards |
| aedificatio, aedificationis F |
house; building, edifice, group of buildings, built-up area; act of building |
| aedifio, aediferi, aedifactus sum |
be build/erected/constructed/made/created/established |
| aedilicius, aedilicia, aedilicium |
of an aedile; of aedile rank/ex-aedile |
| aedilis, aedilis M |
aedile- commissioner of police/fire/markets/games; sacristan |
| aedilitas, aedilitatis F |
aedileship, the office of an aedile; the tenure of the aedileship |
| aedituus, aeditui M |
sacristan, one who has charge of a temple; custodian of a temple; priest |
| aegre, aegrius, aegerrime |
scarcely, with difficulty, painfully, hardly; reluctantly, uncomfortably |
| aegrotus, aegrota, aegrotum |
sick, diseased; love-sick, pining |
| aemulus, aemula, aemulum |
envious, jealous, grudging, comparable/equal |
| aeneus, aenea, aeneum |
copper, of copper; bronze, made of bronze, bronze-colored; brazen |
| aenus, aena, aenum |
copper, of copper; bronze, made of bronze, bronze-colored; brazen |
| aequabiliter, aequabilitius, aequabilitissime |
uniformly, equally; in equal proportions/a regular manner; smoothly; justly |
| aequinoctialis, aequinoctialis, aequinoctiale |
equinoctial, of/connected with the equinox |
| aequitas, aequitatis F |
justice, equity, fairness, impartiality; symmetry, conformity; evenness |
| aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatus |
level, make even/straight; equal; compare; reach as high or deep as |
| aereus, aerea, aereum |
made of/bound with/armored with/of the color of copper/bronze/brass |
| aes, aeris N |
money, pay, fee, fare; copper/bronze/brass, base metal; debt; gong |
| aestimatio, aestimationis F |
valuation, estimation of money value; value, price; assessment of damages |
| affecto, affectare, affectavi, affectatus |
aim at, desire, aspire, try, lay claim to; try to control; feign, pretend |
| afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus |
affect, make impression; move, influence; cause, afflict, weaken |
| affinitas, affinitatis F |
relation by marriage; relationship, bond/union; neighborhood |
| affirmo, affirmare, affirmavi, affirmatus |
affirm/assert; confirm, ratify, restore; emphasize |
| afflo, afflare, afflavi, afflatus |
blow/breathe; inspire, infuse; waft; graze; breathe poison on |
| affluo, affluere, affluxi, affluxus |
flow on/to/towards/by; glide/drift quietly; flock together, throng; abound |
| agamus, agama, agamum |
unmarried |
| aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum |
approach, advance; attack, assail; undertake, seize, attempt |
| agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus |
stir/drive/shake/move about; revolve; live; control, ride; consider, pursue |
| agmen, agminis N |
stream; herd, flock, troop, crowd; marching army, column, line; procession |
| agon, agonos/is M |
struggle, contest; public exhibition of games |
| agrius, agria, agrium |
wild |
| ala, alae F |
wing; upper arm/foreleg/fin; armpit; squadron, flank, army's wing |
| albulus, albula, albulum |
white, pale, whitish |
| albus, alba -um, albior -or -us, albissimus -a -um |
white, pale, fair, hoary, gray; bright, clear; favorable, auspicious, fortunate |
| aleator, aleatoris M |
dice-player, gambler |
| ales, (gen.), alitis |
winged, having wings; swift/quick |
| alienigenus, alienigena, alienigenum |
different, foreign, alien; of/born in another country; imported, exotic; mixed |
| alieno, alienare, alienavi, alienatus |
alienate, give up, lose possession, transfer by sale, estrange; become numb |
| alimentum, alimenti N |
food/nourishment, provisions; sustenance, maintenance, livelihood; alms; fuel |
| alimonium, alimoni(i) N |
food, nourishment; feeding, nurture, upbringing; cost of maintenance |
| alioqui |
otherwise, in other/some respects; besides, else; in any case; in general |
| aliquamdiu |
for some time, for a considerable time/distance, for a while |
| aliquandiu |
for some time, for a considerable time/distance, for a while |
| alium, ali(i) N |
garlic, garlic plant |
| allego, allegare, allegavi, allegatus |
depute/send as agent, commission; put up, suborn; urge/plea, lay before; allege |
| alligo, alligare, alligavi, alligatus |
bind/fetter; bandage; hinder, impede, detain; accuse; implicate/involve in |
| alnus, alni F |
alder; plank, bridge, boat, ship |
| altar, altaris N |
altar, fittings for burnt offerings; burnt offerings; high altar |
| altercatio, altercationis F |
contention, dispute, wrangle, altercation; debate, argument, repartee |
| alteruter, alterutra, alterutrum |
one, one or the other; either; both |
| altitudo, altitudinis F |
height, altitude; depth; loftiness, profundity, noblemindedness, secrecy |
| altiusculus, altiuscula, altiusculum |
rather higher than normal |
| alveus, alvei M |
cavity, hollow; tub; trough, bowl, tray; gameboard; beehive; canoe |
| amabilis, amabile, amabilior -or -us, amabilissimus -a -um |
worthy to be loved, lovable; amiable, pleasant; lovely, attractive, delightful |
| amarus, amara -um, amarior -or -us, amarissimus -a -um |
bitter, brackish, pungent; harsh, shrill; sad, calamitous; ill-natured, caustic |
| amator, amatoris M |
lover; friend, devotee; enthusiastic admirer/pursuer; one fond of women |
| ambiguitas, ambiguitatis F |
ambiguity of meaning; an equivocal expression, ambiguity |
| ambiguus, ambigua, ambiguum |
changeable, doubtful, ambiguous, wavering, fickle; treacherous, unethical |
| ambitiosus, ambitiosa -um, ambitiosior -or -us, ambitiosissimus -a -um |
ambitious, eager to please/for advancement/favor; showy; winding, twisting |
| ambulatio, ambulationis F |
walking about, stroll; place for promenading, covered/uncovered walk, portico |
| amburo, amburere, ambussi, ambustus |
burn around, scorch, char, scald; fire harden; burn up, cremate; frost-bite/nip |
| amo, amare, amavi, amatus |
love, like; fall in love with; be fond of; have a tendency to |
| amphitheatrum, amphitheatri N |
amphitheater, double theater having stage/arena in center |
| androgynus, androgyni M |
hermaphrodite, person of indeterminate sex |
| ango, angere, anxi, anctus |
choke, throttle, strangle; press tight; distress, cause pain, vex, trouble |
| anguis, anguis |
snake, serpent; dragon; Draco, Serpens, Hydra |
| angulus, anguli M |
angle, apex; corner, nook, niche, recess, out-of-the-way spot |
| angustia, angustiae F |
narrow passage/place/space, defile; strait, pass; difficulties; meanness |
| anilis, anilis, anile |
old-womanish; of an old woman; inflicted by an old woman; old wives tale |
| animadversio, animadversionis F |
paying attention; observation, attention, notice; censure, reproach, punishment |
| annius, annius M |
striving; exertion |
| anniversarius, anniversaria, anniversarium |
annual; employed/engaged/renewed/occurring/arising/growing annually/every year |
| annosus, annosa, annosum |
aged, old, full of years; long-lived; immemorial |
| anser, anseris |
goose |
| antea |
before, before this; formerly, previously, in the past |
| anteeo, anteire, anteivi(ii), anteitus |
go/walk before/ahead, precede, antedate; surpass; anticipate; prevent |
| antefero, anteferre, antetuli, antelatus |
carry before; place before/in front of; bring in advance, anticipate; prefer |
| antelucanus, antelucana, antelucanum |
before daybreak, that precedes the dawn; of the hours before daybreak |
| antepono, anteponere, anteposui, antepositus |
set before, place/station before, serve; prefer, value above |
| anthropophagos, anthropophagi M |
cannibals, man-eaters |
| anthus, anthi M |
bird; small bird |
| anticus, antica, anticum |
foremost, that is in front |
| antiquarius, antiquaria, antiquarium |
reading/copying ancient manuscripts |
| antiquitus, antiquita -um, antiquitior -or -us, antiquitissimus -a -um |
old/ancient/aged; time-honored; simple/classic; venerable; archaic/outdated |
| antis, antis M |
rows; ranks; files |
| anularius, anularia, anularium |
connected with ring-makers; used in making rings; of rings |
| anulus, anuli M |
ring, signet ring; circlet; ringlet/curl of hair; link of mail; fetters, irons |
| anus, ana, anum |
old, aged |
| apertus, aperta -um, apertior -or -us, apertissimus -a -um |
open/public/free; uncovered/exposed/opened; frank/clear/manifest; cloudless |
| apis, apis F |
bee; swarm regarded as a portent; Apis, sacred bull worshiped in Egypt |
| apollonia, apollonia |
one of several cities named Apollonia in the ancient world |
| apparitor, apparitoris M |
civil servant; lictor, clerk; attendant on a magistrate |
| appellatio, appellationis F |
appeal; name, term; noun; title, rank; pronunciation |
| appello, appellere, appuli, appulsus |
drive to, move up, bring along, force towards; put ashore at, land |
| appendix, appendicis F |
appendix, supplement, annex; appendage, adjunct; hanger on; barberry bush/fruit |
| aput |
at, by, near, among; at the house of; before, in presence/writings/view/eyes of |
| aquilifer, aquiliferi M |
standard bearer of a legion, officer who carried the eagle standard |
| aquosus, aquosa -um, aquosior -or -us, aquosissimus -a -um |
abounding in water, well watered, wet; humid, rainy; clear as water, watery |
| aratrum, aratri N |
plow |
| arbitrium, arbitri(i) N |
arbitration; choice, judgment, decision; sentence; will, mastery, authority |
| arbutus, arbuti F |
arbutus, strawberry tree |
| arcas, arcadis |
an Arcadian |
| arceo, arcere, arcui, - |
ward/keep off/away; keep close, confine; prevent, hinder; protect; separate |
| arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus |
send for, summon, indict; fetch, import; invite; invoke; bring on oneself |
| area, areae F |
area |
| aresco, arescere, arui, - |
become dry; dry up; wither; run dry; languish |
| aretalogus, aretalogi M |
reciter/teller of fairy-tales/stories of the gods; prattler on virtue; boaster |
| argenteus, argentea, argenteum |
silver, silvery, of silver; made/ornamented with silver; of money; with money |
| argilla, argillae F |
white clay, potter's earth/clay; clay |
| argillosus, argillosa, argillosum |
full of/abounding in clay, clayey |
| arieto, arietare, arietavi, arietatus |
butt like a ram, batter/buffet, harass; strike violently; collide; stumble/trip |
| aritudo, aritudinis F |
drought; dryness |
| armamentum, armamenti N |
equipment, rigging/sailing gear; implements, utensils |
| armentum, armenti N |
herd; a head of cattle, individual bull/horse; cattle/horses |
| armiger, armigera, armigerum |
bearing arms, armed; warlike, martial, of war/fighting; producing armed men |
| arrigo, arrigere, arrexi, arrectus |
set upright, tilt upwards, stand on end, raise; become sexually excited/aroused |
| artificium, artifici(i) N |
art/craft/trade; skill/talent/craftsmanship; art work; method/trick; technology |
| arvus, arva, arvum |
arable; cultivated, plowed |
| ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus |
climb; go/climb up; mount, scale; mount up, embark; rise, ascend, move upward |
| ascisco, asciscere, ascivi, ascitus |
adopt, assume; receive, admit, approve of, associate; take over, claim |
| asellus, aselli M |
ass, donkey; fish of the cod family, hake?; Asses/stars in Cancer |
| asparagus, asparagi M |
asparagus; shoot/sprout like asparagus |
| aspergo, aspergere, aspersi, aspersus |
sprinkle/strew on, splatter, splash; defile, stain; cast; inflict |
| aspis, aspidos/is F |
asp, venomous snake of North Africa |
| assentio, assentire, assensi, assensus |
assent, approve, agree in opinion; admit the truth of, agree |
| assero, asserere, asserui, assertus |
lay hands on/grasp; assert/state/allege; free/release; claim; protect/preserve |
| assiduitas, assiduitatis F |
attendance, constant presence/attention/practice, care; recurrence, repetition |
| assigno, assignare, assignavi, assignatus |
assign, distribute, allot; award, bestow; impute; affix seal |
| assuefacio, assuefacere, assuefeci, assuefactus |
accustom, habituate, inure; make accustomed/used, train |
| assurgo, assurgere, assurrexi, assurrectus |
rise/stand up, rise to one's feet/from bed; climb, lift oneself; grow; soar |
| asto, astare, astiti, - |
stand at/on/by; assist; stand up/upright/waiting/still, stand on one's feet |
| astrum, astri N |
star, heavenly body, planet/sun/moon; the stars, constellation; sky, heaven |
| astutus, astuta -um, astutior -or -us, astutissimus -a -um |
clever, astute, sly, cunning; expert |
| ater, atra -um, atrior -or -us, aterrimus -a -um |
black, dark; dark-colored; gloomy/murky; unlucky; sordid/squalid |
| atrium, atri(i) N |
atrium, reception hall in a Roman house; auction room; palace, house |
| attero, atterere, attrivi, attritus |
rub, rub against; grind; chafe; wear out/down/away; diminish, impair; waste |
| attineo, attinere, attinui, attentus |
hold on/to/near/back/together/fast; restrain, keep, retain; delay |
| attollo, attollere, -, - |
raise/lift up/towards/to a higher position; erect, build; exalt; extol, exalt |
| attribuo, attribuere, attribui, attributus |
assign/allot/attribute/impute to; grant, pay; appoint, put under jurisdiction |
| auctoritas, auctoritatis F |
title, ownership; right to authorize/sanction, power; decree, order |
| aucupium, aucupi(i) N |
bird-catching, fowling; taking; game/wild fowl; sly angling for |
| aucupo, aucupare, -, aucupatus |
catch, take; hunt after, seek, be on the lookout for |
| audax, audacis (gen.), audacior -or -us, audacissimus -a -um |
bold, daring; courageous; reckless, rash; audacious, presumptuous; desperate |
| auditor, auditoris M |
listener, hearer; disciple, pupil, student |
| auditorium, auditori(i) N |
auditorium, lecture room, hall; body of listeners, audience; hearing a law case |
| aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus |
bear/carry/take/fetch/sweep/snatch away/off, remove, withdraw; steal, obtain |
| augur, auguris |
augur, one who interprets behavior of birds; diviner, seer, prophet, soothsayer |
| augurium, auguri(i) N |
augury; divination, prediction; omen, portent/sign; foreboding |
| auguro, augurare, auguravi, auguratus |
prophesy, predict, foretell; practice augury; make known intention to |
| aura, aurae F |
breeze, breath, wind; gleam; odor, stench; vapor; air, heaven |
| aureus, aurei M |
gold coin |
| auricula, auriculae F |
ear; sense of hearing |
| auriga, aurigae M |
charioteer, driver; groom, ostler; helmsman; the Waggoner |
| auro, aurare, auravi, auratus |
gild, overlay with gold |
| auspicium, auspici(i) N |
divination; omen; beginning; auspices; right of doing auspices |
| auspicor, auspicari, auspicatus sum |
take auspices; seek omens; begin with auspices, make ceremonial start; portend |
| auster, austri M |
south; south wind; southern parts |
| austrinus, austrina, austrinum |
southern; of/brought by the south wind; of southern hemisphere |
| autumnus, autumna, autumnum |
of autumn, autumnal |
| avarus, avara -um, avarior -or -us, avarissimus -a -um |
avaricious, greedy; stingy, miserly, mean; covetous, hungry for |
| avello, avellere, avolsi, avolsus |
tear/pluck/wrench away/out/off; separate by force, part; take away, wrest |
| avello, avellere, avulsi, avulsus |
tear/pluck/wrench away/out/off; separate by force, part; take away, wrest |
| avernus, averni M |
hell; the infernal regions; the lower world |
| avidus, avida -um, avidior -or -us, avidissimus -a -um |
greedy, eager, ardent, desirous of; avaricious, insatiable; lustful, passionate |
| avitus, avita, avitum |
ancestral, of one's ancestors, family; of/belonging to a grandfather |
| avius, avia, avium |
out of the way, unfrequented, remote; pathless, trackless, untrodden; straying |
| avoco, avocare, avocavi, avocatus |
call/summon away; dissuade, divert, distract; remove, take away |
| avos, avi M |
grandfather; forefather, ancestor |
| avus, avi M |
grandfather; forefather, ancestor |
| baceolus, baceola, baceolum |
stupid, slow-witted, unintelligent, inept; foolish, silly |
| baia, baiae F |
palm branch; Baiae posh Bay of Naples resort w/hot springs, the Palms |
| barba, barbae F |
beard/ whiskers; large unkempt beard |
| barbaries, barbariei F |
strange/foreign land; uncivilized races, barbarity; brutality; barbarism |
| barbo, barbare, barbavi, barbatus |
supply with a beard |
| basiliscus, basilisci M |
basilisk, cockatrice; kind of snake/lizard |
| beatus, beata -um, beatior -or -us, beatissimus -a -um |
happy, fortunate, bringing happiness; rich, wealthy, copious, sumptuous |
| bellicus, bellica, bellicum |
of war, military; warlike |
| benevolentia, benevolentiae F |
benevolence, kindness, goodwill; favor; endearments |
| benignitas, benignitatis F |
kindness, courtesy; friendliness, benevolence; liberality, favor; bounty; mercy |
| benivolentia, benivolentiae F |
benevolence, kindness, goodwill; favor; endearments |
| bes, bessis M |
two thirds of any whole |
| bestiola, bestiolae F |
little creature, insect |
| betizo, betizare, -, - |
be languid |
| bibliotheca, bibliothecae F |
library |
| bibulus, bibula, bibulum |
fond of drinking, ever thirsty; soaking, sodden; spongy, absorbent, porous |
| biennium, bienni(i) N |
two years |
| bifarius, bifaria, bifarium |
twofold, double |
| bifer, bifera, biferum |
bearing twice, bearing fruit or flowers twice a year |
| biferus, bifera, biferum |
compounded of two animals, two-fold form; heterogeneous |
| bipedalis, bipedalis, bipedale |
two feet long, wide or thick, measuring two feet |
| bipertio, bipertire, bipertivi, bipertitus |
divide in two parts; bisect; divide |
| biremis, biremis F |
bireme, vessel having 2 oars to each bench/2 banks of oars; 2-oared boat |
| bisulcus, bisulca, bisulcum |
forked, divided into two parts; cloven-footed |
| bivius, bivia, bivium |
traversable both ways; having two approaches |
| blandior, blandiri, blanditus sum |
flatter, delude; fawn; coax, urge, behave/speak ingratiatingly; allure; please |
| blanditia, blanditiae F |
flattery, caress, compliment; charm, flatteries, enticement, courtship |
| blandus, blanda -um, blandior -or -us, blandissimus -a -um |
flattering, coaxing; charming, pleasant; smooth, gentle; alluring, attractive |
| boa, boae F |
large Italian snake; water serpent; disease with pustules |
| bovillus, bovilla, bovillum |
of/consisting of cattle/oxen/cows |
| brachium, brachi(i) N |
arm; lower arm, forearm; claw; branch, shoot; earthwork connecting forts |
| breviarius, breviaria, breviarium |
in brief form, summary; abridged |
| brevio, breviare, breviavi, breviatus |
shorten, abridge; abbreviate; pronounce short |
| brevitas, brevitatis F |
shortness, smallness, narrowness; brevity, conciseness, terseness |
| breviter, brevitius, brevitissime |
shortly, briefly, in a nut shell; quickly; for/within a short distance/time |
| brundisium, brundisii |
the city of Brundisium |
| bubile, bubilis N |
cattle-shed, stall for cattle/oxen |
| bubulus, bubula, bubulum |
of/connected with cattle; bull's/cow's/ox-; consisting of cattle; of ox-hide |
| bucca, buccae F |
jaw, mouth; mouthful; cheek; cavity |
| bus, bus |
ox, bull; cow; cattle |
| buxeus, buxea, buxeum |
of/connected with box-tree; of boxwood; characteristic of boxwood |
| cachinnus, cachinni M |
loud/excessive/boisterous/derisive laugh, guffaw; jeer |
| cacozelos |
with stylistically affection; in bad taste |
| caeduus, caedua, caeduum |
ready/suitable for felling |
| caeruleus, caerulea, caeruleum |
blue, cerulean, dark; greenish-blue, azure; of river/sea deities; of sky/sea |
| caesareus, caesarea, caesareum |
imperial; of Caesar |
| caeterus, caetera, caeterum |
the other; the others. the remaining/rest, all the rest |
| calamitas, calamitatis F |
loss, damage, harm; misfortune/disaster; military defeat; blight, crop failure |
| calceus, calcei M |
shoe; soft shoe, slipper |
| calciamentum, calciamenti N |
shoe; instrument for stretching hides |
| calcio, calciare, calciavi, calciatus |
put shoes on, furnish with shoes, shoe; put feet in something |
| calculus, calculi M |
pebble; stone; piece for reckoning/voting/game; calculation |
| caldus, calda -um, caldior -or -us, caldissimus -a -um |
warm, hot; fiery, lusty; eager, rash, on the spot; having a warm climate/place |
| caleo, calere, calui, - |
be/feel/be kept warm; be hot with passion/inflamed/active/driven hotly/urged |
| calfacio, calfacere, calfeci, calfactus |
make warm/hot; heat; excite/rouse; vex/trouble; pursue eagerly |
| caligo, caligare, caligavi, caligatus |
be dark/gloomy/misty/cloudy; have bad vision; cloud; be blinded; be/make dizzy |
| callis, callis M |
rough/stony track, path; moorland/mountain pasture; mountain pass/defile |
| calor, caloris M |
heat; warmth, glow; warm/hot/summer heat/weather; fever; passion, zeal; love |
| calumnia, calumniae F |
sophistry, sham; false accusation/claim/statement/pretenses/objection; quibble |
| calumnior, calumniari, calumniatus sum |
accuse falsely; misrepresent, interpret wrongly; depreciate, find fault with |
| calvus, calva -um, calvior -or -us, calvissimus -a -um |
bald, bald-headed; having head shaved; smooth; bare/stripped |
| campanus, campana, campanum |
flat; level |
| campester, campestris, campestre |
level, even, flat, of level field; on open plain/field; plain-dwelling |
| candeo, candere, candui, - |
be of brilliant whiteness, shine, gleam; become/be hot; glow, sparkle |
| canesco, canescere, -, - |
become covered in white, whiten; grow old/hoary; be/grow white/gray with age |
| canis, canis |
dog; hound; subordinate; "jackal"; dog-star/fish; lowest dice throw; clamp |
| cantus, cantus M |
song, chant; singing; cry; blast; poem, poetry; incantation |
| canus, cana, canum |
white, gray; aged, old, wise; hoary; foamy, white-capped; white w/snow/frost |
| capax, capacis (gen.), capacior -or -us, capacissimus -a -um |
large, spacious, roomy, big; capable, fit, competent; has right to inherit |
| capito, (gen.), capitonis |
big-headed, having a large head; kind of mullet |
| captivitas, captivitatis F |
captivity/bondage; capture/act of being captured; blindness; captives |
| captivus, captiva, captivum |
caught, taken captive; captured, imprisoned; conquered; of captives |
| capulus, capuli M |
sword-hilt/handle; handle of other implements; bier, coffin |
| carbo, carbonis M |
charcoal; glowing coal; pencil/marker; worthless thing; charred remains; coal |
| carbunculus, carbunculi M |
live coal; red tophus; precious stone; vine blight; carbuncle/tumor/anthrax |
| carcer, carceris M |
prison, jail; jailbird; starting barriers at race-course, traps; beginning |
| carcinoma, carcinomatis N |
ulcer or tumor |
| cardo, cardinis M |
hinge; pole, axis; chief point/circumstance; crisis; tenon/mortise; area; limit |
| careo, carere, carui, caritus |
be without/absent from/devoid of/free from; miss; abstain from, lack, lose |
| caritas, caritatis F |
charity; love, affection, esteem, favor; dearness; high price |
| carmen, carminis N |
card for wool/flax; song/music (woven with words); incantation, magic formula |
| carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptus |
seize/pick/pluck/gather/browse/tear off; graze/crop; tease/pull out/card |
| caseum, casei N |
cheese; pressed curd; comic term of endearment |
| castitas, castitatis F |
chastity, fidelity; virginity; sexual/moral/ritual purity; integrity, morality |
| castor, castoros/is M |
beaver |
| castus, casta -um, castior -or -us, castissimus -a -um |
pure, moral; chaste, virtuous, pious; sacred; spotless; free from/untouched by |
| catena, catenae F |
chain; series; fetter, bond, restraint; imprisonment, captivity |
| cateno, catenare, catenavi, catenatus |
chain/bind/tie/shackle together; secure with bonds/chains/fetters |
| catervarius, catervaria, catervarium |
of/pertaining to/belonging to troop/company/band; in bands |
| catoblepas, catoblepae M |
wild animal in Ethiopia; species of buffalo?/gnu? |
| cautio, cautionis F |
bail/pledge/security, undertaking, guarantee; caution/wariness; circumspection |
| cavea, caveae F |
hollow/cavity; roof; socket; auditorium/theater; seats/audience |
| caverna, cavernae F |
hollow/grotto/cavern/cave/crevice/hole; burrow/den; cavity; hold |
| cavus, cava, cavum |
hollow, excavated, hollowed out; concave; enveloping; porous |
| celeber, celebris -e, celebrior -or -us, celeberrimus -a -um |
famous, celebrated, renowned; honored, distinguished; famed; notorious |
| celer, celeris -e, celerior -or -us, celerrimus -a -um |
swift, quick, agile, rapid, speedy, fast; rash, hasty, hurried; lively; early |
| celsus, celsa, celsum |
high, lofty, tall; haughty; arrogant/proud; prominent, elevated; erect; noble |
| cenito, cenitare, cenitavi, cenitatus |
dine/eat habitually; have dinner, dine |
| centumviralis, centumviralis, centumvirale |
of/belonging to/pertaining to centumviri/its jurisdiction |
| ceraunius, ceraunia, ceraunium |
connected with thunderbolts/thunder/lightning |
| cercopithecus, cercopitheci M |
long-tailed monkey |
| cero, cerare, ceravi, ceratus |
smear/coat with wax |
| cerritus, cerrita, cerritum |
possessed by Ceres; frantic, frenzied; mad, demented |
| certamen, certaminis N |
contest, competition; battle, combat, struggle; rivalry; dispute |
| certatim |
with rivalry, in competition; earnestly, eagerly |
| certatio, certationis F |
striving; contest; struggling for superiority/mastery |
| cervinus, cervina, cervinum |
of/pertaining to deer/stag |
| cervos, cervi M |
stag/deer; forked branches; chevaux-de-frise |
| cespes, cespitis M |
grassy ground, grass; earth; sod, turf; altar/rampart/mound of sod/turf/earth |
| cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus |
be remiss/inactive; hold back, leave off, delay, cease from; rest; be free of |
| cestos, cesti M |
band supporting breasts; girdle/belt/girth/strap |
| ceu |
as, in the same way/just as; for example, like; as if; as it were |
| chirographon, chirographi N |
own handwriting; handwritten document, manuscript; written bond/charter/promise |
| chirographum, chirographi N |
own handwriting; handwritten document, manuscript; written bond/charter/promise |
| choragus, choragi M |
he who has care of chorus and supplies; he who pays cost of banquet |
| cicatrix, cicatricis F |
scar/cicatrice; wound/bruise; emotional scar; prune mark on plant/tool on work |
| cilicium, cilicii N |
rug/blanket/small garment of goat's hair |
| cinaedus, cinaeda -um, cinaedior -or -us, cinaedissimus -a -um |
resembling/like/typical of a cinaedus/sodomite; unchaste; impudent, shameless |
| cincinnus, cincinni M |
ringlet, curl/lock; curled hair; rhetorical flourish, artificial embellishment |
| cineracius, cineracia, cineracium |
ashen, ashy, resembling ash in color, ash-colored |
| cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus |
surround/encircle/ring; enclose; beleaguer; accompany; gird, equip; ring |
| cinis, cineris |
ashes; embers, spent love/hate; ruin, destruction; the grave/dead, cremation |
| circito, circitare, circitavi, circitatus |
go round as a hawker/peddler/solicitor; frequent, be busy |
| circulus, circuli M |
circle; orbit, zone; ring, hoop; belt, collar; company; cycle; circumference |
| circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus |
surround; envelop, post/put/place/build around; enclose; beset; pass around |
| circumduco, circumducere, circumduxi, circumductus |
lead out of the way/round about; cheat, mislead, trick out of; take/go around |
| circumeo, circumire, circumivi(ii), circumitus |
encircle, surround; border; skirt; circulate/wander through; go/measure round |
| circumjicio, circumjicere, circumjeci, circumjectus |
cast/throw or place/put/build around; put on flank of; encompass/envelop |
| circumspicio, circumspicere, circumspexi, circumspectus |
look around/over/for, survey; inspect; search for/seek; examine/review; ponder |
| circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus |
encircle, surround; assail, beset; enclose; circumvent; defraud/trick; surpass |
| circumvolo, circumvolare, circumvolavi, circumvolatus |
fly/hover/flutter around; run/hasten/rush around |
| circumvolvo, circumvolvere, circumvolvi, circumvolutus |
roll/revolve round, twine/coil around; wind around |
| circus, circi M |
race course; circus in Rome, celebration of games; circle; orbit |
| cisterna, cisternae F |
cistern; underground/sunken tank/reservoir for water; ditch/pit |
| citatus, citata -um, citatior -or -us, citatissimus -a -um |
quick, swift; early; loose; speeded up, hurried, urged on; full gallop |
| cithara, citharae F |
cithara, lyre; lute, guitar |
| cito, citare, citavi, citatus |
urge on, encourage; promote, excite; summon; set in motion; move; cite |
| civilitas, civilitatis F |
science of politics/government; behavior of ordinary person; citizenship |
| civis, civis |
fellow citizen; countryman/woman; citizen, free person; a Roman citizen |
| clamito, clamitare, clamitavi, clamitatus |
cry out, yell; shout repeatedly, clamor; proclaim; name/call repeatedly/loudly |
| claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus |
limp, stumble/falter/hesitate; be weak/imperfect, fall short; be lame, hobble |
| clausula, clausulae F |
end/conclusion; close; clause |
| clavis, clavis F |
door-key; bar/key for turning a press, lever; hook for bowling a hoop |
| clavus, clavi M |
callus, wart, tumor, excrescence; foul brood in bees; fungus disease in olives |
| clemens, (gen.), clementis |
merciful/loving; lenient/mild/gentle; quiet/peaceful, easy, moderate; compliant |
| clementia, clementiae F |
mercy/clemency; compassion; indulgence/forbearance; gentleness, mildness, calm |
| cliens, clientis |
customer |
| cliens, clientis |
client, dependent, vassal; client state/its citizens, allies |
| clientela, clientelae F |
clientship; vassalage; patronage; protection; clients; vassals; allies |
| clivus, cliva, clivum |
which forbid anything to be done |
| cludo, cludere, clusi, clusus |
limp, halt; be weak, be imperfect |
| clunis, clunis |
buttock, haunch, hindquarters |
| coaequo, coaequare, coaequavi, coaequatus |
make level/equal, equalize; regard/treat as equal, equate; adjust by weighing |
| coagulum, coaguli N |
tie/bond, binding agent; rennet; curds; thickening/congealing; plant |
| coarguo, coarguere, coargui, - |
refute; show, demonstrate; overwhelm w/proof; silence; convict; prove guilty |
| coarto, coartare, coartavi, coartatus |
narrow; hem in, pack/crowd/bring/fit close together, restrict; shorten/abridge |
| coco, cocere, coxi, coctus |
cook; boil, fry, bake; burn, parch; stir up; ripen, mature; digest |
| coctilis, coctilis, coctile |
baked/burned; made/built of/of baked/burned bricks; cooked |
| codex, codicis M |
trunk of tree; piece/block of wood; blockhead; book; note/account book |
| coercitio, coercitionis F |
coercion, restraint, repression; punishment |
| cogitatio, cogitationis F |
thinking, meditation, reflection; thought; intention; plan; opinion, reasoning |
| cognatio, cognationis F |
blood relation/relationship; kinsmen/relatives, family; consanguinity; affinity |
| cognitio, cognitionis F |
examination, inquiry/investigation; acquiring knowledge; recognition |
| cognomentum, cognomenti N |
surname, family/3rd/allusive name; sobriquet; name; cult name of a god |
| cognomino, cognominare, cognominavi, cognominatus |
give surname/epithet/sobriquet to person; name, give specific name, call |
| cohaereo, cohaerere, cohaesi, cohaesus |
stick/cling/hold/grow together, adhere; embrace; touch, adjoin, be in contact |
| collegium, collegi(i) N |
college/board; corporation; brotherhood/guild/company/society/school |
| colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus |
collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together; combine; harvest; pick up |
| colligo, colligare, colligavi, colligatus |
bind/tie/pack together/up, connect, unite/unify; fetter/bind; immobilize, stop |
| collis, collis M |
hill, hillock, eminence, hill-top; mound; high ground; mountains |
| colluvio, colluvionis F |
jumble/heterogeneous mass; fact/state of contamination, impure mixture; turmoil |
| collybus, collybi M |
exchange; agio, discount/fee to change money/make change; coin |
| colonicus, colonica, colonicum |
of/belonging to/prescribed for colony, colonial; common/farm |
| coloro, colorare, coloravi, coloratus |
color; paint; dye; tan; make darker; give deceptive color/gloss/appearance to |
| columna, columnae F |
column/pillar, post/prop; portico |
| comes, comitis |
comrade, companion, associate, partner; soldier/devotee/follower of another |
| comitas, comitatis F |
politeness, courtesy; kindness, generosity, friendliness; good taste, elegance |
| commendatio, commendationis F |
entrusting, committal; recommendation, praise; excellence; approval, esteem |
| commendo, commendare, commendavi, commendatus |
entrust, give in trust; commit; recommend, commend to; point out, designate |
| commentarius, commentari(i) M |
notebook, private/historical journal; register; memo/note; commentary/treatise |
| commenticius, commenticia, commenticium |
invented, devised, improvised; imaginary; fabricated/fictitious; forged, false |
| commilito, commilitonis M |
fellow soldier; comrade, mate |
| commisceo, commiscere, commiscui, commixtus |
intermingle, mix together/up, combine; unite/join sexually |
| commissio, commissionis F |
commencement/holding; event; speech opening games |
| commoditas, commoditatis F |
timeliness; fitness, aptness; convenience; advantage, utility; complaisance |
| commoror, commorari, commoratus sum |
stop/stay/remain, abide; linger, delay; detain, be delayed; dwell on |
| commoveo, commovere, commovi, commotus |
shake/stir up, agitate; displace, disturb, trouble/worry, upset; jolt; excite |
| communico, communicare, communicavi, communicatus |
share; share/divide with/out; receive/take a share of; receive; join with |
| communio, communionis F |
community, mutual participation; association; sharing; fellowship; communion |
| commutatio, commutationis F |
change, reversal; upheaval; alteration; exchange, substitution; interchange |
| como, comere, comsi, comtus |
arrange/do; adorn, make beautiful; embellish; arrange in order, set out |
| compages, compagis F |
action of binding together, fastening; bond, tie; joint; structure, framework |
| comparatio, comparationis F |
construction; material/constituent; combination/conjunction; relationship |
| compareo, comparere, comparui, - |
appear/come in sight; be visible/present/in evidence/clearly stated/forthcoming |
| comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatus |
prepare; provide; compose; collect, get together/hold of; raise; unite |
| compello, compellere, compuli, compulsus |
drive together, round up; force, compel, impel, drive; squeeze; gnash |
| comperior, comperiri, compertus sum |
learn/discover/find; verify/know for certain; find guilty |
| compes, compedis F |
shackles, fetters; things impeding movement; chains |
| compesco, compescere, compescui, - |
restrain, check; quench; curb, confine, imprison; hold in check; block, close |
| compleo, complere, complevi, completus |
fill; be big enough to fill; occupy space, crowd; furnish/supply/man |
| complus, compluris |
many/several things/items, a fair/good number of things |
| compluvium, compluvii N |
inward-sloping central roof; like frame for vines |
| comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus |
catch/seize/grasp firmly; arrest; take hold/root/fire, ignite; conceive |
| comprehensio, comprehensionis F |
arrest, grasping; comprehension, understanding; classifying; idea, perception |
| comprimo, comprimere, compressi, compressus |
press/squeeze together, fold, crush; hem/shut/keep/hold in; copulate |
| comprobo, comprobare, comprobavi, comprobatus |
approve, accept, sanction, ratify; prove, justify, confirm, attest, bear out |
| computo, computare, computavi, computatus |
reckon/compute/calculate, sum/count; take/include in reckoning; work out |
| conatus, conatus M |
attempt, effort; exertion, struggle; impulse, tendency; endeavor, design |
| concentus, concentus M |
singing/playing/shouting together; harmony; concord; tune; choir |
| concerto, concertare, concertavi, concertatus |
fight, engage in a contest, vie with; dispute, debate; argue over |
| concido, concidere, concidi, concisus |
cut/chop up/down/to pieces; crop; ruin, kill, destroy; divide minutely; beat |
| concieo, concire, concivi(ii), concitus |
move, set in violent motion, stir up; muster; rouse, excite, incite, provoke |
| concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus |
unite, bring together/about; cause; win over, attract; acquire, procure, buy |
| concinnitas, concinnitatis F |
neatness/elegance; excessive ingenuity/refinement; grace/charm |
| concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus |
stir up, disturb; discharge/hurl; flow rapidly/strong current; rush |
| conclave, conclavis N |
room, chamber; lockable enclosed space; coop/cage; public lavatory; dining hall |
| concordia, concordiae F |
concurrence/mutual agreement/harmony/peace; rapport/amity/concord/union; friend |
| concresco, concrescere, concrevi, concretus |
thicken; condense/collect; set/curdle/congeal; clot/coagulate; solidify/freeze |
| concurro, concurrere, concurri, concursus |
run/assemble/knock/snap together; agree, fit, concur; coincide; make same claim |
| condemnatio, condemnationis F |
condemnation; verdict; damages awarded in a civil case; sentence |
| condormio, condormire, condormivi, condormitus |
sleep soundly; be fast asleep |
| conduco, conducere, conduxi, conductus |
be of advantage/profitable/expedient; be proper/fitting/concerned with; tend to |
| confector, confectoris M |
maker/preparer; who conducts; finisher; consumer; destroyer, slayer |
| confero, conferre, contuli, conlatus |
bring together, carry/convey; collect/gather, compare; unite, add; direct/aim |
| confidenter, confidentius, confidentissime |
boldly, daringly, with assurance; audaciously, impudently, with effrontery |
| confingo, confingere, confinxi, confictus |
fashion/fabricate, construct by shaping/molding; invent/feign/devise; pretend |
| confinis, confinis, confine |
adjoining, contiguous/having a common boundary; closely connected, allied, akin |
| confinium, confini(i) N |
common boundary; border, limit; proximity/nearness/neighborhood |
| confio, conferi, confactus sum |
be made/constructed/prepared/completed/accomplished/caused/performed/done |
| confisco, confiscare, confiscavi, confiscatus |
confiscate/seize; lay-up in a treasury, store |
| conflagro, conflagrare, conflagravi, conflagratus |
be on fire/burn; be burnt down/consumed/utterly destroyed; be/become inflamed |
| conflicto, conflictare, conflictavi, conflictatus |
harm, assail, harass, distress, torment, vex; bring to ruin |
| confracesco, confracescere, confracui, - |
putrefy, rot |
| confragosus, confragosa -um, confragosior -or -us, confragosissimus -a -um |
rough, uneven, broken; difficult, hard, difficult to accomplish |
| confundo, confundere, confudi, confusus |
pour/mix/mass/bring together; combine/unite/blend/merge; spread over, diffuse |
| confusus, confusa -um, confusior -or -us, confusissimus -a -um |
mixed together/jumbled/disordered; in disorder; indistinct; inarticulate |
| congero, congerere, congessi, congestus |
collect, bring/get together, amass; heap/pile up/on; build, construct; compile |
| congredior, congrediri, congressus sum |
meet, approach, near; join in battle, come to grips; contend/engage |
| congredior, congredi, congressus sum |
meet, approach, near; join in battle, come to grips; contend/engage |
| congruo, congruere, congrui, - |
agree, coincide, correspond, be consistent; be suited, be adapted; fit in |
| conjecto, conjectare, conjectavi, conjectatus |
conjecture, think, imagine, infer, guess, conclude; judge, draw a conclusion |
| conjugium, conjugi(i) N |
marriage/wedlock; husband/wife; couple; mating, pair; close connection |
| conjunctio, conjunctionis F |
union; mutual love/familiarity, match, fellowship; joint occurrence/conjunction |
| conjuro, conjurare, conjuravi, conjuratus |
swear/act together, join in an oath/plot; conspire, plot; form alliance/league |
| conlaudo, conlaudare, conlaudavi, conlaudatus |
praise/extol highly; commend; eulogize |
| conloquium, conloquii N |
talk, conversation; colloquy/discussion; interview; meeting/conference; parley |
| conluceo, conlucere, conluxi, - |
shine brightly, light up; reflect light, shine, be lit up; glitter |
| conpectum, conpecti N |
agreement/compact |
| conpello, conpellere, conpuli, conpulsus |
drive together, round up; force, compel, impel, drive; squeeze; gnash |
| conperio, conperire, conperi, conpertus |
learn/discover/find; verify/know for certain; find guilty |
| conplecto, conplectere, conplecti, conplexus |
embrace, hug; welcome; encircle, encompass; attain; include, bring in, involve |
| conprimo, conprimere, conpressi, conpressus |
press, squeeze together, close |
| conprobo, conprobare, conprobavi, conprobatus |
approve, accept, sanction, ratify; prove, justify, confirm, attest, bear out |
| conqueror, conqueri, conquestus sum |
bewail, lament, utter a complaint; complain of, deplore |
| conquiesco, conquiescere, conquievi, conquietus |
rest, take repose/be quiet, nap/go to sleep; have respite/pause from |
| cons., abb. |
consul; abb. cons./cos. |
| consaepio, consaepire, consaepsi, consaeptus |
surround with a wall/fence/hedge; enclose, fence; fence/hedge in |
| consaluto, consalutare, consalutavi, consalutatus |
hail/greet/salute; exchange greetings; greet/salute cordially |
| consaucio, consauciare, consauciavi, consauciatus |
injure, wound severely |
| conscindo, conscindere, conscidi, conscissus |
rend/tear to pieces, destroy by tearing; slaughter, cut to pieces |
| conscius, conscia, conscium |
conscious, aware of, knowing, privy; sharing knowledge; guilty |
| consequor, consequi, consecutus sum |
follow, go/come after; attend on; pursue; catch up with, overtake; follow up |
| consero, conserere, conservi, consertus |
connect/link, fasten/press/put together; construct/compose; join, engage |
| consido, considere, consedi, consessus |
sit down/be seated; hold sessions, sit, try; settle; alight; subside/sink |
| consiliarius, consiliari(i) M |
counselor/adviser; sharer of counsels; assessor; consilium princips member |
| consolo, consolare, consolavi, consolatus |
console, cheer, comfort; console oneself, take comfort |
| conspicor, conspicari, conspicatus sum |
catch sight of, see; observe, notice; perceive; be conspicuous; be regarded |
| conspiratio, conspirationis F |
illegal/hostile combination/conspiracy/plot; blowing/breathing together |
| conss., abb. |
consuls; abb. conss./coss. |
| constantia, constantiae F |
perseverance; harmony; steadfastness, persistence; firmness; courage; loyalty |
| consterno, consternare, consternavi, consternatus |
confound/shock/confuse/perplex/dismay; terrify/alarm/frighten, drive frantic |
| constringo, constringere, constrinxi, constrictus |
bind fast/tight, tie up/together; confine, restrain; hinder, inhibit, control |
| consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptus |
burn up, destroy/kill; put end to; reduce/wear away; annul; extinguish |
| contamino, contaminare, contaminavi, contaminatus |
corrupt, defile, stain, befoul spoil; ruin, dishonor |
| contemno, contemnere, contempsi, contemptus |
think little of; look down on, take poor view of; pay no heed/disregard/slight |
| contemplatio, contemplationis F |
view, survey; taking aim; contemplation, consideration, study; meditation |
| contemplor, contemplari, contemplatus sum |
observe/note/notice, gaze/look hard at, regard; contemplate/consider carefully |
| conterreo, conterrere, conterrui, conterritus |
frighten thoroughly; fill with terror; suppress/intimidate by terrorizing |
| contestor, contestari, contestatus sum |
call to witness; appeal to the gods that; join issue |
| contexo, contexere, contexui, contextus |
weave/entwine/braid/twist together; compose/connect/link/combine; make/join/for |
| continens, continentis (gen.), continentior -or -us, continentissimus -a -um |
bordering, adjacent, contiguous, next; immediately, without delay |
| continentia, continentiae F |
restraint/self-control/abstinence/holding back/repression |
| contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus |
happen, befall, turn out, come to pass, be granted to one; be produced |
| continuo, continuare, continuavi, continuatus |
make continuous; put in line, join, connect, unite |
| contionor, contionari, contionatus sum |
address assembly, deliver public speech; preach/harangue; attend public meeting |
| contra |
facing, face-to-face, in the eyes; towards/up to; across; in opposite direction |
| contribuo, contribuere, contribui, contributus |
unite/incorporate, join/attach; assign/allot; contribute/give, share |
| contundo, contundere, contudi, contusus |
quell/crush/outdo/subdue utterly; bruise/beat; pound to pieces/powder/pulp |
| contuor, contui, - |
look at/gaze on/behold; see to; be in sight of, have view of; contemplate/weigh |
| convalesco, convalescere, convalui, convalitus |
grow strong/thrive/gain power; regain health/strength, recover, get well/better |
| convallis, convallis F |
valley, ravine, deep/narrow/enclosed valley, glen |
| conveniens, convenientis (gen.), convenientior -or -us, convenientissimus -a -um |
fitting; appropriate; comfortable; internally consistent, harmonious |
| conventiculum, conventiculi N |
small assembly; place of assembly/resort; assembly, meeting, association |
| conversatio, conversationis F |
way/manner of life, conduct/behavior; monastic life; frequent resorting |
| convitium, conviti(i) N |
noise, chatter/outcry/clamor/bawling; noise source; noisy importuning |
| convivo, convivare, convivavi, convivatus |
give/attend dinner party/banquet; carouse; eat/feast together; live with |
| coopto, cooptare, cooptavi, cooptatus |
choose, elect; co-opt, admit |
| copiosus, copiosa -um, copiosior -or -us, copiosissimus -a -um |
plentiful/copious/abundant; well supplied/equipped, w/ample resources; prolific |
| corbula, corbulae F |
basket; contents of a small basket |
| corium, cori(i) N |
skin/leather/hide; peel/rind/shell/outer cover; layer/coating; thong/strap/whip |
| cornelius, cornelius |
Cornelius |
| corneus, cornea, corneum |
made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood |
| corniculum, corniculi N |
little/small horn; a horn-shaped decoration for soldiers |
| corollarium, corollarii N |
corollary; deduction |
| corono, coronare, coronavi, coronatus |
wreathe, crown, deck with garlands; award prize; surround/encircle, ring round |
| corporo, corporare, corporavi, corporatus |
kill, strike dead; form into a body, furnish w/a body; form |
| corrigo, corrigere, correxi, correctus |
correct, set right; straighten; improve, edit, reform; restore, cure; chastise |
| cortex, corticis |
bark; cork; skin, rind, husk, hull; outer covering, shell, carapace, chrysalis |
| cortina, cortinae F |
cauldron,, kettle; water-organ; vault/arch; curtain |
| corvus, corvi M |
raven; cormorant; kind of sea fish; constellation Corvus/Raven |
| cosmos, cosmi M |
universe; one of the chief magistrates of Crete |
| cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum |
daily, everyday; usual/habitual, normal/regular; ordinary/common/unremarkable |
| coxendix, coxendicis F |
hip; hip bone |
| crassus, crassa -um, crassior -or -us, crassissimus -a -um |
thick/deep; thick coated; turbid/muddy; dense/concentrated/soli |
| cratis, cratis F |
wickerwork; bundle of brush, fascine; framework, network, lattice; bush-harrow |
| credulitas, credulitatis F |
credulity, trustfulness; easiness of belief |
| crepo, crepare, crepui, crepitus |
rattle/rustle/clatter; jingle/tinkle; snap; harp on, grumble at; fart |
| cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus |
come forth/to be; arise/spring; be born; become visible/great; grow |
| cretosus, cretosa, cretosum |
abounding in chalk or clay; clayey |
| criminor, criminari, criminatus sum |
accuse, denounce; charge; allege with accusation; make accusations |
| crinis, crinis M |
hair; lock of hair, tress, plait; plume; tail of a comet |
| crispo, crispare, crispavi, crispatus |
curl; make/appear wavy; ripple; shake/brandish; tremble/quiver; wiggle |
| crispus, crispa, crispum |
curled/curly; trembling/vibrating; uneven/wrinkled/twisted; elegant |
| crocodilos, crocodili M |
crocodile; land reptile, Nile monitor |
| cruciatus, cruciatus M |
torture/cruelty; torture form/apparatus; suffering, severe physical/mental pain |
| crudelis, crudele, crudelior -or -us, crudelissimus -a -um |
cruel/hardhearted/unmerciful/severe, bloodthirsty/savage/inhuman; harsh/bitter |
| crudus, cruda -um, crudior -or -us, crudissimus -a -um |
raw; bloody/bleeding; crude, cruel, rough, merciless; fierce/savage; grievous |
| crux, crucis F |
cross; hanging tree; impaling stake; crucifixion; torture/torment/trouble/miser |
| cubile, cubilis N |
bed, couch, seat; marriage bed; lair, den, nest, pen, hive of bees; base, bed |
| cubitalis, cubitalis, cubitale |
cubit long/broad/high; elbow- |
| cucumis, cucumeris |
cucumber; kind of marine animal |
| culina, culinae F |
kitchen; portable kitchen; food/fare/board; cooking; place for burnt offerings |
| culpa, culpae F |
fault/blame/responsibility; crime; negligence |
| culter, cultri M |
knife; pruner edge; spear point; plowshare |
| cultrix, cultricis F |
female inhabitant/planter; worshiper/adherent/devotee; she who follows/promotes |
| cultus, culta -um, cultior -or -us, cultissimus -a -um |
cultivated/tilled/farmed; ornamented, neat/well groomed; polished/elegan |
| culus, culi M |
buttocks; posterior; anus |
| cum |
when, at the time/on each occasion/in the situation that; after; since/although |
| cuna, cunae F |
cradle; nest for young birds; one's earliest years |
| cunctatio, cunctationis F |
delay, hesitation; tardiness, inactivity; hesitating about/delaying of |
| cuneus, cunei M |
wedge; wedge-shaped stone/area/rack/block of seats; battalion/etc in a wedge |
| cupidus, cupida -um, cupidior -or -us, cupidissimus -a -um |
eager/passionate; longing for/desirous of; greedy; wanton/lecherous |
| cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus |
wish/long/be eager for; desire/want, covet; desire as a lover; favor, wish well |
| cupressus, cupressi F |
cypress-tree; cypress oil/wood, cypress-wood casket, spear of cypress-wood |
| curiatus, curiata, curiatum |
of curiae; assembly in which people voted according to curia |
| curiosus, curiosa -um, curiosior -or -us, curiosissimus -a -um |
careful, diligent, painstaking; attentive; fussy; meddlesome, interfering |
| currax, (gen.), curracis |
agile, quick, swift, lively; running fast |
| currus, currus M |
chariot, light horse vehicle; triumphal chariot; triumph; wheels on plow; cart |
| cursor, cursoris M |
runner; chariot-racer; courier/carrier/messenger; footman |
| cursus, cursus M |
running; speed/zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/march; revolution |
| curtus, curta, curtum |
mutilated; incomplete, missing a part; circumcised; castrated, gelded; docked |
| curvus, curva, curvum |
curved/bent/arched; crooked; morally wrong; stooped/bowed; winding; w/many bend |
| cuspis, cuspidis F |
point/tip, pointed end; spit/stake; blade; javelin/spear/lance; sting |
| cynosurus, cynosura, cynosurum |
addled |
| cypros, cypri F |
henna-tree, Egyptian privet Lawsonia inermis; tree which yielded cyprium |
| d., abb. |
diem, abb. d; in calendar expression a. d.= ante diem= before the day |
| daemon, daemonis M |
spirit, supernatural being, intermediary between man and god; evil demon/devil |
| damnatio, damnationis F |
condemnation; obligation under a will; adverse judgment |
| damnum, damni N |
financial/property/physical loss/damage/injury; forfeiture/fine; lost possessio |
| daps, dapis F |
sacrificial feast/meal; feast, banquet; food composing it; food/meal of animals |
| deambulo, deambulare, deambulavi, deambulatus |
take a walk, go for a walk; walk abroad; walk much; promenade |
| debilito, debilitare, debilitavi, debilitatus |
weaken/disable/incapacitate/impair/maim/lame/cripple; deprive of power |
| decedo, decedere, decessi, decessus |
withdraw/retire, go off/away, depart, leave; relinquish/cease; desert/abandon |
| decempeda, decempedae F |
ten-foot measuring rod; a ten foot pole; length of ten feet |
| decemvir, decemviri M |
decemvir, one of ten men |
| decet, decere, decuit, - |
it is fitting/right/seemly/suitable/proper; it ought; become/adorn/grace |
| decido, decidere, decidi, decisus |
detach, cut off/out/down; fell; cut/notch/carve to delineate; flog thoroughly |
| deciduus, decidua, deciduum |
falling; hanging down; tending to be dropped, cast; deciduous |
| decimo, decimare, decimavi, decimatus |
choose by lot every tenth man; make tithe offering |
| decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptus |
cheat/deceive/mislead/dupe/trap; elude/escape notice; disappoint/frustrate/foil |
| declamo, declamare, declamavi, declamatus |
declaim, make speeches; bluster/bawl |
| declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus |
declare/announce/make known; indicate, reveal, testify, show/prove; mean |
| declino, declinare, declinavi, declinatus |
decline/conjugate/inflect; change word form, modify |
| decoloro, decolorare, decoloravi, decoloratus |
discolor/stain/deface, alter normal color of; disgrace, bring shame on; corrupt |
| decoro, decorare, decoravi, decoratus |
adorn/grace, embellish/add beauty to; glorify, honor/add honor to; do credit to |
| decuria, decuriae F |
group/division of ten; class, social club; gang; cavalry squad; ten judges/feet |
| decurio, decurionis M |
decurion, officer commanding a decuria; foreman |
| decurio, decuriare, decuriavi, decuriatus |
make squads of ten; organize in military fashion; enroll in decuria |
| decurro, decurrere, decucurri, decursus |
run/hurry/rush/flow/slope down; hasten; travel downstream; come to land/end |
| decus, decoris N |
glory/splendor; honor/distinction; deeds; dignity/virtue; decorum; grace/beauty |
| dedignor, dedignari, dedignatus sum |
disdain; refuse, reject with scorn, spurn; feel contempt for |
| dediticius, dediticia, dediticium |
surrendered; having surrendered; of surrender/capitulatio |
| deditio, deditionis F |
surrender; cession of right/title |
| dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditus |
give up/in, surrender; abandon/consign/devote; yield, hand/deliver over |
| deductus, deducta -um, deductior -or -us, deductissimus -a -um |
drawn down; bent in; attenuated/slender, weak, soft; fine-spun |
| definio, definire, definivi, definitus |
define/bound/fix/limit/mark; restrict/confine; assign, ordain; lay down |
| deflagro, deflagrare, deflagravi, deflagratus |
burn down/up/destroy by fire/utterly; parch; die down/abate, burn out |
| deflecto, deflectere, deflexi, deflexus |
bend downwards; bend; turn, change course/direction of; deflect |
| defluo, defluere, defluxi, defluxus |
flow/glide/run down; descend/fall; flow/stream away; float/swim/row downstream |
| degenero, degenerare, degeneravi, degeneratus |
be inferior to ancestors/unworthy; deteriorate/decline; lower oneself |
| dego, degere, degi, - |
spend/bide one's time in; wait; remain alive, live on, endure; continue |
| degusto, degustare, degustavi, degustatus |
taste; taste/try/eat/drink a little of; glance at; graze; sip; test; judge |
| dehinc |
hereafter, henceforth, from here/now on; afterwards; for/in the future, next |
| dehisco, dehiscere, dehivi, - |
gape/yawn/split open; part/divide, develop/leave a gap/leak; be/become apart |
| dein |
then/next/afterward; thereon/henceforth/from there/then; in next position/place |
| delabor, delabi, delapsus sum |
slip/fall/glide/fly/flow down; fall freely/out of control/prostrate; slip into |
| delectatio, delectationis F |
conferring/gaining delight; delight/pleasure/enjoyment/amusement |
| delibero, deliberare, deliberavi, deliberatus |
weigh/consider/deliberate/consult; ponder/think over; resolve/decide o |
| delibo, delibare, delibavi, delibatus |
skim/flake/scrape off; channel off; pick out a choice specimen; perform |
| delicatus, delicata -um, delicatior -or -us, delicatissimus -a -um |
luxurious/sumptuous, addicted to pleasure; self-indulgent/comfortable; pampered |
| delicia, deliciae F |
favorite/pet/darling/beloved; man w/fine taste/gourmet; voluptuary |
| deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus |
pick/pluck off, cull; choose, select, levy, enroll; conduct a levy |
| delirus, delira, delirum |
crazy, insane, mad; senseless, silly |
| delphinus, delphini M |
dolphin; ornament shaped like a dolphin; constellation |
| demando, demandare, demandavi, demandatus |
entrust, hand over, commit; lay, charge |
| demento, dementare, dementavi, dementatus |
drive mad/crazy; bewitch; delude; rave, be out of one's mind |
| demergo, demergere, demersi, demersus |
submerge/sink; plunge/dip/immerse; set; retract; conceal; bury; overwhelm/engul |
| deminuo, deminuere, deminui, deminutus |
make smaller; cut up small; lessen/diminish/reduce |
| deminutio, deminutionis F |
diminution/making smaller; decrease/depletion/attenuation; deduction/subtractio |
| demonstro, demonstrare, demonstravi, demonstratus |
point out/at/to, draw attention to; explain/describe/show, give an account of |
| demorior, demori, demortuus sum |
die; die off/out, become extinct; be gone; long for much |
| denego, denegare, denegavi, denegatus |
deny; say that... not; deny/refuse |
| densus, densa -um, densior -or -us, densissimus -a -um |
thick/dense/solid; crowded/thick planted/packed/covered |
| denudo, denudare, denudavi, denudatus |
strip, denude, lay bare, uncover; reveal/disclose; expose; rob/plunder/despoil |
| denuntiatio, denuntiationis F |
announcement/notification/indication; warning/threat; denunciation/allegation |
| denuo |
anew, over again, from a fresh beginning; for a second time, once more; in turn |
| depello, depellere, depuli, depulsus |
drive/push out//off/away/aside, repel; expel; remove, wean; banish utterly |
| deposco, deposcere, depoposci, - |
demand peremptorily; ask for earnestly; require; request earnestly; challenge |
| deprendo, deprendere, deprendi, deprensus |
seize/catch; catch napping/redhanded; surprise/pounce on; arrest; intercept |
| deprimo, deprimere, depressi, depressus |
suppress/repress/depress/silence, force//weigh/keep down, disparage; sink |
| deridiculus, deridicula, deridiculum |
very/utterly laughable; ridiculous, absurd, ludicrous |
| derigo, derigere, derexi, derectus |
arrange/set in line/direction; align; set in order; form up, fall in |
| derigo, derigere, derexi, derectus |
direct, steer, guide, align, point; set in order, form up; straighten, level |
| deripio, deripere, deripui, dereptus |
seize/grab/snatch/take away; tear/pull off/down; remove |
| derisus, derisus M |
mockery; scorn, derision |
| derupio, derupere, derupui, dereptus |
seize/grab/snatch/take away; tear/pull off/down; remove |
| desidia, desidiae F |
idleness, slackness; inactivity; remaining in place; leisure; indolence, sloth |
| designo, designare, designavi, designatus |
mark; point/mark/trace out, outline/describe; indicate/designate/denote |
| desperatio, desperationis F |
desperation; desperate action/conduct/health; despair/hopelessness |
| despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatus |
despair; have no/give up hope; give up as hopeless |
| despicio, despicere, despexi, despectus |
look down on/over; relax attention; disdain, despise; express contempt for |
| despondeo, despondere, despondi, desponsus |
betroth, promise in marriage; pledge, promise; despair/yield/give up |
| destillatio, destillationis F |
cold/rheum/catarrh; runny nose/eyes; bodily fluid; abscess; distillation |
| destituo, destituere, destitui, destitutus |
fix/set, set up, make fast; leave destitute/without; render void |
| detego, detegere, detexi, detectus |
uncover/disclose/reveal; expose, lay bare; fleece; unsheathe; remove; unroof |
| detergeo, detergere, detersi, detersus |
wipe/clean off/away; strip/trim/sheer/break/sweep off, rub/wipe clean; cancel |
| detineo, detinere, detinui, detentus |
detain, hold; hold off, keep away; hold prisoner; retain; occupy |
| deus |
god; God |
| devincio, devincire, devinxi, devinctus |
tie/bind up, hold/fix fast; subjugate; obligate/oblige/constrain; unite closely |
| devinco, devincere, devici, devictus |
subdue; defeat decisively, conquer/overcome entirely |
| devius, devia, devium |
remote/secluded; out-of-way, off road; sequestered, in seclusion; retired; shy |
| devolvo, devolvere, devolvi, devolutus |
roll/fall/tumble down; roll off; fall/sink back; fall into |
| devotio, devotionis F |
devotion by general/army to infernal gods for country; curse; spell/sorcery |
| dexter, dextera -um, dexterior -or -us, dextimus -a -um |
right, on/to the right hand/side; skillful/dexterous/handy |
| diadema, diadematis N |
diadem/crown; ornamental headband; dominion; preeminence |
| dico, dicare, dicavi, dicatus |
dedicate/consecrate; deify; devote; attach to another state; assign; show |
| dicto, dictare, dictavi, dictatus |
dictate; compose; draw up; order/prescribe; fix |
| difficiliter, difficilius, difficillime |
with difficulty; reluctantly |
| diffringo, diffringare, diffregi, diffractus |
shatter; break up/apart/in pieces |
| diffundo, diffundere, diffundi, diffusus |
diffuse; spread/pour out/widely; bottle/draw off; squander, distribute lavishly |
| dignatio, dignationis F |
esteem/regard/respect; repute/reputation, honor/dignity; rank/status |
| dignor, dignari, dignatus sum |
deem/consider/think worthy/becoming/deserving/fit; deign, condescend |
| digredior, digredi, digressus sum |
depart; come/go away; part/separate/deviate; divorce; G:digress/leave |
| dijungo, dijungere, dijunxi, dijunctus |
unyoke; disunite, sever, divide, separate, part, estrange; put asunder |
| diligentia, diligentiae F |
diligence/care/attentiveness; economy/frugality/thrift; industry; love |
| dilucidus, dilucida -um, dilucidior -or -us, dilucidissimus -a -um |
plain, clear, distinct, evident; lucid; clear, bright; transparent |
| dimico, dimicare, dimicui, dimicatus |
fight, battle; struggle/contend/strive; brandish weapons; be in conflict/peril |
| dinus, dina, dinum |
divine; godlike |
| diploma, diplomatis N |
letter of recommendation/passage/privileges; travel permit for Imperial post |
| dirigo, dirigere, direxi, directus |
arrange/set in line/direction; align; set in order; form up, fall in |
| diripio, diripere, diripui, direptus |
pull/tear apart/to pieces/away; tear asunder/to shreds; pull out/off; divert |
| dirus, dira -um, dirior -or -us, dirissimus -a -um |
awful/dire/dreadful; ominous/frightful/terrible/horrible; skillful |
| dis, ditis (gen.), ditior -or -us, ditissimus -a -um |
rich/wealthy; richly adorned; fertile/productive; profitable; sumptuous |
| discepto, disceptare, disceptavi, disceptatus |
dispute; debate; arbitrate |
| discerno, discernere, discrevi, discretus |
see, discern; distinguish, separate |
| disco, discere, didici, discitus |
learn; hear, get to know, become acquainted with; acquire knowledge/skill of/in |
| discrucio, discruciare, discruciavi, discruciatus |
torture |
| discurro, discurrere, discurri, discursus |
run off in different directions; run/dash around/about; wander; roam |
| discus, disci M |
disk/disc; discus; disk-shaped object; dish; gong; form of sundial; dial |
| discutio, discutere, discussi, discussus |
strike down; shatter, shake violently; dissipate, bring to naught; plead case |
| dispensator, dispensatoris M |
steward; attendant; treasurer; dispenser |
| disperdo, disperdere, disperdidi, disperditus |
destroy/ruin utterly; ruin |
| dispereo, disperire, disperivi(ii), disperitus |
perish/die; be destroyed; be ruined/lost/undone; disappear |
| dissentio, dissentire, dissensi, dissensus |
dissent, disagree; differ |
| dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertus |
arrange, dispose, set in order; discuss; examine; explain, set out in words |
| dissimulo, dissimulare, dissimulavi, dissimulatus |
conceal, dissemble, disguise, hide; ignore |
| dissipo, dissipare, dissipavi, dissipatus |
scatter, disperse, dissipate, squander; destroy completely; circulate |
| dissuadeo, dissuadere, dissuasi, dissuasus |
dissuade, advise against |
| distorqueo, distorquere, distorsi, distortus |
twist this way and that |
| diuturnus, diuturna -um, diuturnior -or -us, diuturnissimus -a -um |
lasting, lasting long |
| diversitas, diversitatis F |
difference |
| diversus, diversa, diversum |
opposite; separate, apart; diverse, unlike, different; hostile |
| dives, divitis (gen.), divitior -or -us, divitissimus -a -um |
rich/wealthy; costly; fertile/productive; talented, well endowed |
| divisor, divisoris M |
distributor; a candidate's agent hired to distribute bribes |
| divortium, divorti(i) N |
separation; divorce; point of separation; watershed |
| doctus, docta -um, doctior -or -us, doctissimus -a -um |
learned, wise; skilled, experienced, expert; trained; clever, cunning, shrewd |
| dodrans, dodrantis M |
three-fourths |
| dogma, dogmatis N |
doctrine, defined doctrine; philosophic tenet; dogma, teaching; decision; edit |
| doleo, dolere, dolui, dolitus |
hurt; feel/suffer pain; grieve; be afflicted/pained/sorry; cause pain/grief |
| dolium, dolii N |
large earthenware vessel; hogshead; tun/cask |
| dolus, doli M |
trick, device, deceit, treachery, trickery, cunning, fraud |
| dominatio, dominationis F |
mastery, power; domination; domain; despotism |
| dominator, dominatoris M |
ruler; lord |
| dominor, dominari, dominatus sum |
be master/despot/in control, rule over, exercise sovereignty; rule/dominate |
| domo, domare, domui, domitus |
subdue, master, tame; conquer |
| domus, domus F |
house, building; home, household |
| donum, doni N |
gift, present; offering |
| dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus |
sleep, rest; be/fall asleep; behave as if asleep; be idle, do nothing |
| dorsum, dorsi N |
back, range, ridge; slope of a hill |
| ducenti -ae -a, ducentesimus -a -um, duceni -ae -a, ducentie(n)s |
|
| ducenti -ae -a, ducentesimus -a -um, duceni -ae -a, ducentie(n)s |
200 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 200s |
| dulcedo, dulcedinis F |
sweetness, agreeableness; charm |
| dulcis, dulce, dulcior -or -us, dulcissimus -a -um |
pleasant, charming; sweet; kind, dear; soft, flattering, delightful |
| dumtaxat |
to this extent, no more than; as long as; only, precisely; merely; at any rate |
| duodecim, duodecimus -a -um, duodeni -ae -a, duodecie(n)s |
12 times, on 12 occasions- |
| duodecim, duodecimus -a -um, duodeni -ae -a, duodecie(n)s |
12th-; 12th |
| duodetriginta, duodetricesimus -a -um, duodetriceni -ae -a, duodetricie(n)s |
|
| duodeviginti, duodevicesimus -a -um, duodeviceni -ae -a, duodevicie(n)s |
|
| duplico, duplicare, duplicavi, duplicatus |
double, bend double; duplicate; enlarge |
| duplus, dupla, duplum |
twice as much, double |
| duritia, duritiae F |
hardness, insensibility; hardship, oppressiveness; strictness, rigor |
| durus, dura -um, durior -or -us, durissimus -a -um |
hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable |
| ecce |
behold! see! look! there! here! |
| ecquid |
at all? |
| edisco, ediscere, edidici, - |
learn by heart; commit to memory; study; get to know |
| editus, edita -um, editior -or -us, editissimus -a -um |
high, elevated; rising |
| edo, esse, -, - |
eat/consume/devour; eat away; destroy; spend money on food |
| educo, educare, educavi, educatus |
bring up; train; educate; rear |
| effemino, effeminare, effeminavi, effeminatus |
weaken, enervate, make effeminate, emasculate, unman |
| efflo, efflare, efflavi, efflatus |
blow or breathe out; breathe one's last |
| effluo, effluere, effluxi, - |
flow out, flow forth; disappear, vanish, escape; be forgotten |
| effodio, effodere, effodi, effossus |
dig out, excavate; gouge out |
| egelidus, egelida, egelidum |
lukewarm, tepid |
| egero, egerere, egessi, egestus |
carry or bear out, discharge, utter |
| ejicio, ejicere, ejeci, ejectus |
cast/throw/fling/drive out/up, extract, expel, discharge, vomit; out |
| ejusmodi |
of this sort; of such kind |
| elabor, elabi, elapsus sum |
slip away; escape; elapse |
| elaboro, elaborare, elaboravi, elaboratus |
take pains, exert oneself; bestow care on |
| elegans, (gen.), elegantis |
elegant, fine, handsome; tasteful; fastidious, critical; discriminating, polite |
| elegantia, elegantiae F |
elegance; niceness; taste; politeness |
| elephas, elephantis M |
elephant; ivory; large variety of lobster, large sea creature; elephantiasis |
| elevo, elevare, elevavi, elevatus |
lift up, raise; alleviate; lessen; make light of |
| eloquentia, eloquentiae F |
eloquence |
| eluvies, eluviei F |
flowing out, discharge; a flowing over, flood |
| emendo, emendare, emendavi, emendatus |
correct, emend, repair; improve, free from errors |
| emereor, emereri, emeritus sum |
earn, obtain by service, merit, deserve; emerge; complete/serve out one's time |
| emergo, emergere, emersi, emersus |
rise up out of the water, emerge; escape; appear; arrive |
| eminens, eminentis (gen.), eminentior -or -us, eminentissimus -a -um |
eminent/distinguished/notable; lofty/towering; prominent/projecting; foreground |
| emineo, eminere, eminui, - |
stand out; be prominent/preeminent, excel; project |
| emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus |
hurl; let go; utter; send out; drive; force; cast; discharge; expel; publish |
| emolumentum, emolumenti N |
advantage, benefit |
| emorior, emori, emortuus sum |
die, die off, perish; die out; decease, pass away |
| en |
behold! see! lo! here! hey! look at this! |
| eneco, enecare, enecui, enectus |
kill/slay; deprive of life; kill off; exhaust/wear out, plague/torture to death |
| eniteo, enitere, enitui, - |
shine forth/out; be outstanding/conspicuous |
| enitor, eniti, enixus sum |
bring forth, bear, give birth to; struggle upwards, mount, climb, strive |
| eno, enare, enavi, enatus |
swim out |
| eodem |
same, the same, the very same; also |
| ephebus, ephebi M |
boy at age of puberty; youth; adolescent |
| epitome, epitomes F |
epitome, abridgement |
| epula, epulae F |
courses, food, dishes of food; dinner; banquet; feast for the eyes |
| epulor, epulari, epulatus sum |
dine sumptuously, feast |
| equidem |
truly, indeed; for my part |
| erado, eradere, erasi, erasus |
scrape away/clean/smooth, pare; erase/delete; erase/strike |
| erga |
towards, opposite |
| erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus |
raise, erect, build; rouse, excite, stimulate |
| eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptus |
snatch away, take by force; rescue |
| erro, errare, erravi, erratus |
wander, go astray; make a mistake, err; vacillate |
| eructo, eructare, eructavi, eructatus |
bring up noisily; discharge violently |
| erumpo, erumpere, erupi, eruptus |
burst/pop; cause to burst; become dislocated |
| eruo, eruere, erui, erutus |
pluck/dig/root up, overthrow, destroy; elicit |
| eruptio, eruptionis F |
sortie, rush, sally, sudden rush of troops from a position |
| escendo, escendere, escendi, escensus |
ascend, go up, mount |
| essedum, essedi N |
war chariot; light traveling carriage |
| etenim |
and indeed, because, since, as a matter of fact |
| etiamnum |
even now, still, yet |
| etiamsi |
even if, although |
| etiamtum |
even then; yet |
| eunuchus, eunuchi M |
eunuch |
| evado, evadere, evasi, evasus |
evade, escape; avoid |
| evangelium, evangelii N |
Good news; Gospel |
| eversio, eversionis F |
destruction; overturning/upsetting; expulsion/turning out; revolution |
| evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatus |
call forth; lure/entice out; summon, evoke |
| evolo, evolare, evolavi, evolatus |
fly away, fly up/out/forth; rush out/forth |
| exaestuo, exaestuare, exaestuavi, exaestuatus |
boil up; seethe, rage |
| exagito, exagitare, exagitavi, exagitatus |
drive out; stir up, disturb continually, harass; attack, scold, discuss |
| examen, examinis N |
exam/test; apparatus/process of weighing, balance |
| exanimis, exanimis, exanime |
dead; lifeless; breathless, terrified, dismayed |
| exardesco, exardescere, exarsi, exarsus |
flare/blaze up; break out; glow; rage; be provoked, enraged; be exasperated |
| exaro, exarare, exaravi, exaratus |
plow or dig up; plow; note down |
| exauctoro, exauctorare, exauctoravi, exauctoratus |
release or dismiss from military service |
| exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditus |
hear clearly; comply with, heed; hear from afar; understand |
| excarnifico, excarnificare, excarnificavi, excarnificatus |
torture, punish; torment/torture mentally; hack/cut/tear to pieces |
| excerpo, excerpere, excerpsi, excerptus |
pick out; select |
| excludo, excludere, exclusi, exclusus |
shut out, shut off; remove; exclude; hinder, prevent |
| excubia, excubiae F |
watching; keeping of a watch/guard/vigil; the watch, soldiers on guard |
| excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus |
shake out or off; cast out; search, examine |
| execrabilis, execrabilis, execrabile |
detestable; accursed |
| execror, execrari, execratus sum |
curse; detest |
| exequor, exequi, executus sum |
follow, go along/on with; pursue for vengeance/punishment; strive/search after |
| exercitatio, exercitationis F |
exercise, training, practice; discipline |
| exhalo, exhalare, exhalavi, exhalatus |
breathe out; evaporate; die |
| exhilaro, exhilarare, exhilaravi, exhilaratus |
gladden, cheer; brighten, spruce up, enhance appearance |
| exhorreo, exhorrere, exhorrui, - |
shudder; be terrified |
| exilis, exile, exilior -or -us, exilissimus -a -um |
small, thin; poor |
| exilium, exili(i) N |
exile, banishment; place of exile/retreat; exiles, those exiled |
| exin |
thence; after that, next in order, thereafter, then; furthermore; by that cause |
| exinde |
thence; after that, next in order, thereafter, then; furthermore; by that cause |
| existimatio, existimationis F |
opinion; reputation/name; esteem; judgment/view/estimation; credit |
| exitiabilis, exitiabilis, exitiabile |
destructive, deadly |
| exitialis, exitialis, exitiale |
destructive, deadly |
| exolesco, exolescere, exolevi, exoletus |
grow up, become adult; grow stale, deteriorate; die out/fade away; be forgotten |
| exorabilis, exorabilis, exorabile |
capable of being moved by entreaty |
| exordior, exordiri, exorsus sum |
begin, commence |
| exordium, exordi(i) N |
beginning; introduction, preface |
| exorno, exornare, exornavi, exornatus |
furnish with, adorn, embellish |
| expecto, expectare, expectavi, expectatus |
await, expect; anticipate; hope for |
| expergiscor, expergisci, experrectus sum |
awake; bestir oneself |
| experientia, experientiae F |
trial, experiment; experience |
| expers, (gen.), expertis |
free from; without; lacking experience; immune from |
| expleo, explere, explevi, expletus |
fill out; fill, fill up, complete, finish; satisfy, satiate |
| explico, explicare, explicavi, explicatus |
unfold, extend; set forth, display, exhibit, explain, disentangle |
| exploro, explorare, exploravi, exploratus |
search out, explore; test, try out; reconnoiter, investigate |
| exporto, exportare, exportavi, exportatus |
export, carry out |
| expostulo, expostulare, expostulavi, expostulatus |
demand, call for, remonstrate, complain about |
| expugno, expugnare, expugnavi, expugnatus |
assault, storm; conquer, plunder; accomplish; persuade |
| expuo, expuere, expui, exputus |
spit out; eject; rid oneself of |
| exquiro, exquirere, exquisivi, exquisitus |
seek out, search for, hunt up; inquire into |
| exsequia, exsequiae F |
funeral procession/rites, obsequies |
| exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum |
follow, go along/on with; pursue for vengeance/punishment; strive/search after |
| exsilio, exsilire, exsilivi, - |
spring/leap/burst forth/out, leap up, start up, bound; emerge into existence |
| exsulo, exsulare, exsulavi, exsulatus |
be exile, live in exile; be banished; be a stranger |
| exsulto, exsultare, exsultavi, exsultatus |
rejoice; boast; exalt; jump about, let oneself go |
| extemporalis, extemporalis, extemporale |
unpremeditated, extempore, ad-lib; of a person speaking off the cuff |
| externus, externa, externum |
outward, external; foreign, strange |
| exterreo, exterrere, exterrui, exterritus |
strike with terror, scare |
| exterus, extera -um, exterior -or -us, extimus -a -um |
outer/external; outward; on outside, far; of another country, foreign; strange |
| extorqueo, extorquere, extorsi, extortus |
extort; tear away, twist away; twist/wrench out |
| extorris, extorris, extorre |
exiled |
| extraho, extrahere, extraxi, extractus |
drag out; prolong; rescue, extract; remove |
| extraneus, extranea, extraneum |
external, extraneous, foreign; not belonging to one's family or household |
| extraordinarius, extraordinaria, extraordinarium |
supplementary; special; immoderate |
| extruo, extruere, extruxi, extructus |
pile up; build up, raise |
| extum, exti N |
bowels; entrails of animals for divination |
| exturbo, exturbare, exturbavi, exturbatus |
drive away, put away a wife |
| exulto, exultare, exultavi, exultatus |
jump about; let oneself go; exult |
| exurgo, exurgere, exurrexi, exurrectus |
bestir oneself/take action; swell/rise/move/extend up/out/to higher moral level |
| exuvia, exuviae F |
things stripped off; spoils, booty; memento, something of another's |
| f., abb. |
son/daughter; filius/filia, abb. f. |
| faba, fabae F |
bean; bead, pellet |
| faber, fabra, fabrum |
skillful; ingenious; of craftsman/workman/artisan or his work |
| fabre |
skillfully; ingeniously; in workmanlike manner |
| fabrica, fabricae F |
craft, art; craft of metalwork/building; construction/building/making |
| fabricator, fabricatoris M |
builder, maker, fashioner |
| fabrilis, fabrilis, fabrile |
of/belonging to a workman; of a metal-worker/carpenter/builder |
| fabulator, fabulatoris M |
storyteller, story-teller |
| fabulor, fabulari, fabulatus sum |
talk, chat, converse; invent a story, make up a fable |
| fabulosus, fabulosa, fabulosum |
storied, fabulous; celebrated in story |
| faenum, faeni N |
hay |
| faenus, faenoris N |
interest, usury; profit, gain; advantage |
| familiariter |
on friendly terms |
| famosus, famosa -um, famosior -or -us, famosissimus -a -um |
famous, noted, renowned; talked of; infamous, notorious; slanderous, libelous |
| fanum, fani N |
sanctuary, temple |
| far, farris N |
husked wheat; grain, spelt; coarse meal, grits; sacrificial meal; dog's bread |
| fascino, fascinare, fascinavi, fascinatus |
cast a spell on, bewitch |
| fastidio, fastidire, fastidivi, fastiditus |
disdain; be scornful; feel aversion to, be squeamish |
| fastidium, fastidi(i) N |
loathing, disgust; squeamishness; scornful contempt, pride; fastidiousness |
| fastus, fasta, fastum |
not forbidden |
| fastus, fastus M |
scornful contempt, destain, haughtiness, arrogance, pride |
| fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus |
weary, tire, fatigue; harass; importune; overcome |
| fatum, fati N |
utterance, oracle; fate, destiny; natural term of life; doom, death, calamity |
| fauna, faunae F |
fauna |
| fautor, fautoris M |
patron, protector; admirer; supporter, partisan; who promotes/fosters interests |
| fax, facis F |
torch, firebrand, fire; flame of love; torment |
| febris, febris F |
fever, attack of fever |
| fecunditas, fecunditatis F |
fruitfulness |
| fecundus, fecunda -um, fecundior -or -us, fecundissimus -a -um |
fertile, fruitful; productive, prolific; abundant; imaginative |
| feliciter |
happily |
| felix, felicis (gen.), felicior -or -us, felicissimus -a -um |
happy; blessed; fertile; favorable; lucky; successful, fruitful |
| feminal, feminalis N |
female external genitalia/private parts; thigh coverings; breeches |
| femineus, feminea, femineum |
woman's; female, feminine; proper to/typical of a woman; effeminate, cowardly |
| femur, femoris N |
thigh; flat vertical band on triglyph |
| fenero, fenerare, feneravi, feneratus |
lend money at interest; make interest/profit; invest/finance/supply; borrow |
| ferculum, ferculi N |
food tray; dish, course; food; bread; bier; litter |
| ferio, feriare, feriavi, feriatus |
rest from work/labor; keep/celebrate holiday; be idle; abstain from |
| feritas, feritatis F |
wildness, barbaric/savage/uncultivated state; savagery, ferocity; brutality |
| ferme |
nearly, almost, about; hardly ever |
| ferramentum, ferramenti N |
iron tool |
| fertilis, fertile, fertilior -or -us, fertilissimus -a -um |
fertile, fruitful; abundant |
| fervor, fervoris M |
heat, boiling heat; boiling, fermenting; ardor, passion, fury; intoxication |
| fessus, fessa, fessum |
tired, wearied, fatigued, exhausted; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm, sick |
| festinatio, festinationis F |
haste, speed, hurry |
| festinato, festinatius, festinatissime |
promptly, speedily, quickly; with haste; hurriedly |
| fetor, fetoris M |
stench; bad/foul smell, stink; foulness, noisomeness |
| fibra, fibrae F |
fiber, filament; entrails; leaf, blade |
| fictor, fictoris M |
one who devises or makes |
| ficulnus, ficulna, ficulnum |
of the fig or fig tree, fig- |
| ficus, ficus M |
fig; fig tree; hemorrhoids/piles |
| fidelis, fidele, fidelior -or -us, fidelissimus -a -um |
faithful/loyal/devoted; true/trustworthy/dependable/reliable; constant/lasting |
| fido, fidere, fisus sum |
trust, have confidence |
| filum, fili N |
thread, string, filament, fiber; texture, style, nature |
| fimum, fimi N |
dung, excrement |
| fistula, fistulae F |
shepherd's pipe; tube; waterpipe |
| flagellum, flagelli N |
whip, lash, scourge; thong; vine shoot; arm/tentacle |
| flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus |
demand urgently; require; entreat, solicit, press, dun, importune |
| flagro, flagrare, flagravi, flagratus |
be on fire; blaze, flame, burn; be inflamed/excited |
| flamma, flammae F |
flame, blaze; ardor, fire of love; object of love |
| flatus, flatus M |
blowing; snorting; breath; breeze |
| flavus, flava, flavum |
yellow, golden, gold colored; flaxen, blond; golden-haired |
| flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus |
bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; persuade, prevail on, soften |
| flo, flare, flavi, flatus |
breathe; blow |
| floreo, florere, florui, - |
flourish, blossom, be prosperous; be in one's prime |
| flos, floris M |
flower, blossom; youthful prime |
| fluctuo, fluctuare, fluctuavi, fluctuatus |
rise in waves, surge, swell, undulate, fluctuate; float; be agitated/restless |
| fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus |
flow, stream; emanate, proceed from; fall gradually |
| fluviatilis, fluviatilis, fluviatile |
river-; of a river |
| focilo, focilare, focilavi, focilatus |
revive, restore to health/consciousness; keep alive; cherish, tend, foster |
| focus, foci M |
hearth, fireplace; altar; home, household, family; cook stove |
| foedero, foederare, foederavi, foederatus |
seal; ratify; establish by treaty/league |
| foedus, foeda -um, foedior -or -us, foedissimus -a -um |
foul; filthy, unclean; disgusting, loathsome, ghastly, beastly; hideous, ugly |
| folium, foli(i) N |
leaf |
| folliculus, folliculi M |
bag or sack; pod; shell; follicle |
| fomentum, fomenti N |
poultice/dressing; hot/cold compress; solace, alleviation; kindling; wick |
| for, fari, fatus sum |
speak, talk; say |
| foramen, foraminis N |
hole, aperture; fissure |
| forensis, forensis, forense |
public; pertaining to the courts |
| formica, formicae F |
ant |
| formonsus, formonsa -um, formonsior -or -us, formonsissimus -a -um |
beautiful, finely formed, handsome, fair; having fine appearance/form |
| formosus, formosa -um, formosior -or -us, formosissimus -a -um |
beautiful, finely formed, handsome, fair; having fine appearance/form |
| fornax, fornacis F |
furnace/oven/kiln |
| fornix, fornicis M |
arch, vault, vaulted opening; monument arch; brothel, cellar for prostitution |
| forpex, forpicis F |
tongs, pincers; shears |
| fortasse |
perhaps, possibly; it may be |
| fortis, forte, fortior -or -us, fortissimus -a -um |
strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous, firm, steadfast, courageous, brave, bold |
| fortitudo, fortitudinis F |
strength, courage, valor; firmness |
| fossicius, fossicia, fossicium |
dug up; dug out |
| fovea, foveae F |
pit, pitfall |
| fragilis, fragilis, fragile |
brittle, frail; impermanent |
| fragilitas, fragilitatis F |
brittleness; frailty |
| fragmentum, fragmenti N |
fragment |
| fragor, fragoris M |
noise, crash |
| fraternus, fraterna, fraternum |
brotherly/brother's; of/belonging to a brother; fraternal; friendly; of cousin |
| frenum, freni N |
bridle/harness/rein/bit; harnessed horses/team; check/restraint/brake; mastery |
| frio, friare, friavi, friatus |
rub; crumble |
| frons, frondis F |
foliage, leaves, leafy branch, green bough, frond |
| fructus, fructus M |
produce, crops; fruit; profit; enjoyment; reward |
| frumentarius, frumentaria, frumentarium |
grain producing; of/concerning grain |
| frumentatio, frumentationis F |
foraging; collecting of grain |
| frustro, frustrare, frustravi, frustratus |
disappoint, frustrate, deceive; escape/elude; baffle/evade; fail |
| frutex, fruticis M |
shrub, bush; shoot, stem, stalk, growth; "blockhead" |
| fugitivus, fugitiva, fugitivum |
fugitive |
| fulgur, fulguris N |
lightning, flashing, brightness |
| fullo, fullonis M |
cloth-fuller |
| fulvus, fulva, fulvum |
tawny, reddish yellow; yellow |
| fundamentum, fundamenti N |
foundation; beginning; basis |
| fungus, fungi M |
fungus; mushroom |
| funiculus, funiculi M |
thin rope, cord, string |
| fur, furis |
thief, robber; robber bee; the Devil |
| furca, furcae F |
fork; prop |
| furcilla, furcillae F |
little fork |
| furnus, furni M |
oven, bakery |
| fuscus, fusca, fuscum |
dark, swarthy, dusky; husky; hoarse |
| garrulitas, garrulitatis F |
talkativeness, loquacity; chattering |
| gaudium, gaudi(i) N |
joy, delight, gladness; source/cause of joy; physical/sensual delight |
| gaza, gazae F |
treasure |
| gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitus |
moan, groan; lament; grieve that; give out a hollow sound |
| generalis, generalis, generale |
general, generic; shared by/common to a class/kind; of the nature of a thing |
| generatim |
by tribes/kinds; generally |
| generatio, generationis F |
generation, action/process of procreating, begetting; generation of men/family |
| genetivus, genetiva, genetivum |
acquired at birth |
| genitalis, genitalis, genitale |
of creation/procreation, reproductive; fruitful; connected with birth, inborn |
| genius, geni M |
genius |
| geno, genere, -, - |
give birth to, bring forth, bear; beget; be born |
| genu, genus N |
knee |
| germanus, germana, germanum |
own/full; genuine, real, actual, true |
| germen, germinis N |
sprout, bud; shoot |
| glacialis, glacialis, glaciale |
icy, frozen |
| gladiatorius, gladiatoria, gladiatorium |
gladiatorial |
| gladius, gladi(i) M |
sword |
| glomero, glomerare, glomeravi, glomeratus |
collect, amass, assemble; form into a ball |
| glorior, gloriari, gloriatus sum |
boast, brag; glory, pride oneself |
| gnarus, gnara, gnarum |
having knowledge or experience of; known |
| gradatim |
step by step, by degrees |
| gradior, gradi, gressus sum |
walk, step, take steps, go, advance |
| grandio, grandire, -, - |
increase |
| grandis, grandis, grande |
full-grown, grown up; large, great, grand, tall, lofty; powerful; aged, old |
| grassator, grassatoris M |
vagabond; footpad, highway robber |
| grassor, grassari, grassatus sum |
march on, advance; roam in search of victims, prowl; proceed; run riot |
| gratificor, gratificari, gratificatus sum |
oblige, gratify, humor, show kindness to; bestow, make a present of |
| gratuitus, gratuita, gratuitum |
free, gratuitous; without pay; unremunerative |
| gratus, grata -um, gratior -or -us, gratissimus -a -um |
pleasing, acceptable, agreeable, welcome; dear, beloved; grateful, thankful |
| gravedo, gravedinis F |
cold in the head, catarrh |
| gravidus, gravida, gravidum |
pregnant, heavy with child; laden/swollen/teeming; weighed down; rich/abundant |
| gravito, gravitare, gravitavi, gravitatus |
revolve |
| gregarius, gregaria, gregarium |
of/belonging to rank and file |
| gregatim |
in flocks |
| grex, gregis |
flock, herd; crowd; company, crew; people/animals assembled; set/faction/class |
| gubernaculum, gubernaculi N |
helm, rudder, steering oar of ship; helm of"ship of state"; government |
| gubernator, gubernatoris M |
helmsman, pilot; one who directs/controls |
| gurges, gurgitis M |
whirlpool; raging abyss; gulf, the sea; "flood","stream" |
| gustus, gustus M |
tasting, appetite; draught of water |
| gymnicus, gymnica, gymnicum |
gymnastic |
| habena, habenae F |
thong, strap; whip; halter; reins; direction, management, government |
| habilis, habilis, habile |
handy, manageable; apt, fit |
| hactenus |
as far as this, to this place/point/time/extent, thus far, til now, hitherto |
| haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus |
stick, adhere, cling to; hesitate; be in difficulties |
| haesito, haesitare, haesitavi, haesitatus |
stick hesitate, be undecided; be stuck |
| hamus, hami M |
hook; barb of an arrow; spike |
| harundinetum, harundineti N |
reed-bed; thicket/jungle/growth of reeds/rushes; stubble |
| haruspex, haruspicis M |
soothsayer, diviner; inspector of entrails of victims |
| haurio, haurire, hausi, haustus |
draw up/out; drink, swallow, drain, exhaust |
| hebeto, hebetare, hebetavi, hebetatus |
blunt, deaden, make dull/faint/dim/torpid/inactive, weaken |
| herba, herbae F |
herb, grass |
| herbosus, herbosa, herbosum |
grassy |
| heros, herois M |
hero; demigod |
| herus, heri M |
master, lord; owner, proprietor |
| hesperius, hesperia, hesperium |
western |
| heu |
oh! ah! alas! |
| hexametrus, hexametra, hexametrum |
hexameter; with six metrical feet |
| hiberno, hibernare, hibernavi, hibernatus |
spend the winter; be in winter quarters |
| hilaritas, hilaritatis F |
cheerfulness, lightheartedness |
| hirtus, hirta, hirtum |
hairy/shaggy, covered with hair/wool; thick growth; rough/unpolished |
| holus, holeris N |
vegetables; cabbage, turnips, greens; kitchen/pot herbs; edible grass |
| homicida, homicidae |
murderer, homicide; killer of men |
| honorificus, honorifica -um, honorificentior -or -us, honorificentissimus -a - |
honorific; that does honor; conferring/showing honor |
| horreo, horrere, horrui, - |
dread, shrink from, shudder at; stand on end, bristle; have rough appearance |
| horreum, horrei N |
storehouse; barn |
| horror, horroris M |
shivering, dread, awe rigidity |
| hortatio, hortationis F |
encouragement; exhortation |
| hortus, horti M |
garden, fruit/kitchen garden; pleasure garden; park |
| hospitalis, hospitalis, hospitale |
of or for a guest; hospitable |
| hostiliter |
in an unfriendly/hostile way, in the manner of an enemy |
| hu, undeclined N |
what |
| hydraulus, hydrauli F |
water organ |
| ianus, iani M |
arcade, covered passage |
| ibidem |
in that very place; at that very instant |
| ichneumon, ichneumonis M |
ichneumon; parasitic fly |
| ico, icere, ici, ictus |
hit, strike; smite, stab, sting |
| idolon, idoli N |
specter, apparition; image, form; idol, image of pagan god |
| ignarus, ignara, ignarum |
ignorant; unaware, having no experience of; senseless; strange |
| illicio, illicere, illexi, illectus |
allure, entice |
| illido, illidere, illisi, illisus |
strike/beat/dash/push against/on; injure by crushing; drive |
| illinc |
there, in that place, on that side; from there |
| illuc |
there, thither, to that place/point |
| illucesco, illucescere, illuxi, - |
begin to dawn |
| illustro, illustrare, illustravi, illustratus |
illuminate, light up; give glory; embellish; make clear, elucidate; enlighten |
| imaguncula, imagunculae F |
small image; statuette |
| imbecillis, imbecille, imbecillior -or -us, imbecillissimus -a -um |
weak/feeble; delicate; fragile; ineffective; lacking in power/resources |
| imitatio, imitationis F |
imitation, copy, mimicking |
| immaturus, immatura, immaturum |
unripe, immature, untimely |
| immensus, immensa, immensum |
immeasurable, immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitely great; innumerable |
| immineo, imminere, -, - |
threaten, be a threat; overhang, be imminent; with DAT |
| imminuo, imminuere, imminui, imminutus |
diminish; impair; abbreviate |
| immitto, immittere, immisi, immissus |
send in/to/into/against; cause to go; insert; hurl/throw in; let go/in; allow |
| immobilis, immobilis, immobile |
immovable; immobile; fixed/unalterable; unmoving/motionless/unchanging |
| immodestus, immodesta, immodestum |
unrestrained, extravagant |
| immodicus, immodica, immodicum |
beyond measure, immoderate, excessive |
| immunitas, immunitatis F |
immunity, freedom from taxes |
| impar, (gen.), imparis |
unequal; uneven, odd; inferior; not a match |
| impavidus, impavida, impavidum |
fearless, intrepid |
| impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus |
hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct, prevent from |
| impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus |
drive/persuade/impel; urge on/action; push/thrust/strike against; overthrow |
| impendo, impendere, impendi, impensus |
expend, spend; devote |
| imperito, imperitare, imperitavi, imperitatus |
command, govern |
| imperitus, imperita, imperitum |
unskilled, inexperienced; unfamiliar, ignorant |
| impertio, impertire, impertivi, impertitus |
bestow, impart, give a share; communicate |
| impetigo, impetiginis F |
impetigo |
| impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratus |
obtain/procure; succeed/achieve/be granted; obtain |
| implico, implicare, implicui, implicitus |
implicate; involve/engage/entangle/embroil; interweave/fold/twine w/itself |
| imploro, implorare, imploravi, imploratus |
appeal to, invoke; beg, beseech, implore; ask for help/favor/protection |
| importo, importare, importavi, importatus |
bring in, convey; import; bring about, cause |
| impos, (gen.), impotis |
not in control/possession; not responsible |
| impossibilis, impossibilis, impossibile |
impossible |
| impotens, (gen.), impotentis |
powerless, impotent, wild, headstrong; having no control, incapable |
| imprecor, imprecari, imprecatus sum |
call down/upon, invoke; pray for; utter curses |
| improbo, improbare, improbavi, improbatus |
disapprove of, express disapproval of, condemn; reject |
| improvisus, improvisa, improvisum |
unforeseen/unexpected |
| impudentia, impudentiae F |
shamelessness; effrontery |
| impudicitia, impudicitiae F |
sexual impurity |
| impunis, impunis, impune |
unpunished |
| inaequabilis, inaequabilis, inaequabile |
uneven/broken; unequal/varying in amount/rate/etc |
| inaequalis, inaequale, inaequalior -or -us, inaequalissimus -a -um |
uneven; unequal; not smooth/level; irregular; patchy/variable |
| inanimus, inanima, inanimum |
lifeless, inanimate; without/deprived of/not endowed with breath |
| inaudio, inaudire, inaudivi, inauditus |
hear of; learn |
| inbecillis, inbecille, inbecillior -or -us, inbecillissimus -a -um |
weak/feeble; delicate; fragile; ineffective; lacking in power/resources |
| inbecillitas, inbecillitatis F |
weakness, feebleness; moral/intellectual weakness |
| incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus |
set on fire; set fire to, kindle, burn; cause to flame/burn; keep fire burning |
| incestus, incesta, incestum |
unchaste; unholy, unclean, religiously impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, lewd |
| incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus |
enrage; urge on; inspire; arouse |
| inclamo, inclamare, inclamavi, inclamatus |
cry out, call upon; abuse, revile |
| inclinatio, inclinationis F |
act of leaning, tendency, inclination |
| inclino, inclinare, inclinavi, inclinatus |
bend; lower; incline; decay; grow worse; set; deject |
| includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus |
shut up/in, imprison, enclose; include |
| inclutus, incluta -um, inclutior -or -us, inclutissimus -a -um |
celebrated, renowned, famous, illustrious, glorious |
| incolumis, incolumis, incolume |
unharmed, uninjured; alive, safe; unimpaired |
| incolumitas, incolumitatis F |
safety |
| incommodus, incommoda -um, incommodior -or -us, incommodissimus -a -um |
inconvenient, troublesome, annoying; disadvantageous; disagreeable; disobliging |
| inconsideratus, inconsiderata, inconsideratum |
thoughtless, inconsiderate; unadvised, reckless |
| inconstans, (gen.), inconstantis |
changeable, fickle |
| incorruptibilis, incorruptibilis, incorruptibile |
incorruptible, imperishable |
| incorruptus, incorrupta -um, incorruptior -or -us, incorruptissimus -a -um |
intact, uncorrupted, unspoiled/untainted; genuine; pure; chaste; imperishable |
| increbresco, increbrescere, increbrui, - |
become stronger or more intense; spread |
| incrementum, incrementi N |
growth, development, increase; germ; offshoot; advancement |
| increpo, increpare, increpui, increpitus |
rebuke, chide, reprove; protest at/indignantly, complain loudly/scornfully |
| incubo, incubare, incubavi, incubatus |
brood |
| incuriosus, incuriosa, incuriosum |
careless/negligent; indifferent; paying no attention, off guard, unsuspecting |
| incurro, incurrere, incurri, incursus |
run into or towards, attack, invade; meet; befall |
| incursio, incursionis F |
onrush, attack, raid; incursion |
| incuso, incusare, incusavi, incusatus |
accuse, blame, criticize, condemn |
| indecorus, indecora, indecorum |
unbecoming; disgraceful |
| indico, indicere, indixi, indictus |
declare publicly; proclaim, announce; appoint; summon |
| indictio, indictionis F |
men forming a levy |
| indignabundus, indignabunda, indignabundum |
indignant, furious |
| indignatio, indignationis F |
indignation; anger; angry outburst |
| indiligentia, indiligentiae F |
negligence, want of care; want of concern |
| indiscretus, indiscreta, indiscretum |
indistinguishable; used indiscriminately; alike/equal; not divided/separable |
| indo, indere, indedi, inditus |
put in or on; introduce |
| indoles, indolis F |
innate character; inborn quality |
| indomitus, indomita, indomitum |
untamed; untamable, fierce |
| induo, induere, indui, indutus |
put on, clothe, cover; dress oneself in |
| industrius, industria -um, industriior -or -us, industrissimus -a -um |
industrious, diligent; active; zealous; assiduous |
| inedia, inediae F |
fasting, starvation |
| ineptio, ineptire, -, - |
play the fool, trifle |
| iners, inertis (gen.), inertior -or -us, inertissimus -a -um |
helpless, weak, inactive, inert, sluggish, stagnant; unskillful, incompetent |
| inertia, inertiae F |
ignorance; inactivity; laziness, idleness, sloth |
| infamis, infamis, infame |
notorious, disreputable, infamous |
| infamo, infamare, infamavi, infamatus |
bring into disrepute; defame |
| infercio, infercire, infersi, infertus |
stuff; stuff with |
| infigo, infigere, infixi, infixus |
fasten, fix, implant, affix; impose; drive/thrust in |
| infinitus, infinita, infinitum |
boundless, unlimited, endless; infinite |
| infirmitas, infirmitatis F |
weakness; sickness |
| infirmo, infirmare, infirmavi, infirmatus |
weaken; diminish; annul; be ill |
| infirmus, infirma -um, infirmior -or -us, infirmissimus -a -um |
fragile/frail/feeble; unwell/sick/infirm |
| inflatio, inflationis F |
inflation, swelling/blowing/puffing; flatulence; inflammation; insolence |
| inflecto, inflectere, inflexi, inflexus |
bend; curve; change |
| inflo, inflare, inflavi, inflatus |
blow into/upon; puff out |
| influo, influere, influxi, influxus |
flow into; flow |
| informis, informis, informe |
formless, shapeless; deformed; ugly, hideous |
| informo, informare, informavi, informatus |
shape, form; fashion; form an idea of |
| infundo, infundere, infudi, infusus |
pour in, pour on, pour out |
| ingemisco, ingemiscere, ingemui, ingemitus |
groan/moan at/over; cry w/pain/anguish/sorrow; creak/groan |
| ingenuitas, ingenuitatis F |
status/quality of free-born person; nobility of character, modesty, candor |
| ingenuus, ingenua, ingenuum |
natural, indigenous; free-born; noble, generous, frank |
| ingero, ingerere, ingessi, ingestus |
carry in, throw in; heap; force/thrust/throw upon |
| ingigno, ingignere, ingenui, ingenitus |
engender; instill by birth |
| ingratus, ingrata, ingratum |
unpleasant; ungrateful; thankless |
| ingravesco, ingravescere, -, - |
grow heavy; increase in force or intensity |
| inhio, inhiare, inhiavi, inhiatus |
gape, be open mouthed with astonishment; covet, desire |
| iniquitas, iniquitatis F |
unfairness, inequality, unevenness |
| injussus, injussus M |
without orders, unbidden, voluntary, of one's own accord |
| injustus, injusta, injustum |
unjust, wrongful; severe, excessive; unsuitable |
| inlacrimo, inlacrimare, inlacrimavi, inlacrimatus |
weep over/at; shed tears; water |
| inlectus, inlecta, inlectum |
unread |
| inlustris, inlustre, inlustrior -or -us, inlustrissimus -a -um |
bright, shining, brilliant; clear, lucid; illustrious, distinguished, famous |
| inlustro, inlustrare, inlustravi, inlustratus |
illuminate, light up; give glory; embellish; make clear, elucidate; enlighten |
| inmensus, inmensa, inmensum |
immeasurable, immense/vast/boundless/unending; infinitely great; innumerable |
| inmitto, inmittere, inmisi, inmissus |
send in/to/into/against; cause to go; insert; hurl/throw in; let go/in; allow |
| inmobilis, inmobilis, inmobile |
immovable; immobile; fixed/unalterable; unmoving/motionless/unchanging |
| inmortalis, inmortalis, inmortale |
immortal, not subject to death; eternal, everlasting, perpetual; imperishable |
| innitor, inniti, innixus sum |
lean/rest on, be supported by |
| innocens, (gen.), innocentis |
harmless, innocent; virtuous, upright |
| innoxius, innoxia, innoxium |
harmless, innocuous; unhurt, unharmed |
| innumerus, innumera, innumerum |
innumerable, countless, numberless; without number; immense |
| innutrio, innutrire, innutrivi, innutritus |
nourish |
| inobservantia, inobservantiae F |
negligence, carelessness |
| inopia, inopiae F |
lack, need; poverty, destitution, dearth, want, scarcity |
| inpassibilis, inpassibilis, inpassibile |
passionless; incapable of passion/suffering; insensible |
| inpello, inpellere, inpuli, inpulsus |
drive/persuade/impel; urge on/action; push/thrust/strike against; overthrow |
| inperfectus, inperfecta, inperfectum |
unfinished, incomplete; imperfect; not complete in every respect; undigested |
| inpono, inponere, inposui, inpositus |
impose, put upon; establish; inflict; assign/place in command; set |
| inprovisus, inprovisa, inprovisum |
unforeseen/unexpected |
| inprudens, inprudentis (gen.), inprudentior -or -us, inprudentissimus -a -um |
ignorant; unaware; unintentional, unsuspecting; foolish/incautious/unthinking |
| inpune, inpunius, inpunissime |
with impunity; without punishment/retribution/restraint/consequences/harm |
| inquieto, inquietare, inquietavi, inquietatus |
disturb, trouble, molest, harass; press legal claim against; fidget, twiddle |
| inquino, inquinare, inquinavi, inquinatus |
daub; stain, pollute; soil; "smear" |
| inrationabilis, inrationabilis, inrationabile |
irrational, unreasoning |
| inrequietus, inrequieta, inrequietum |
restless, troubled |
| inriguus, inrigua, inriguum |
watering, irrigating; refreshing; watered, soaked |
| inritus, inrita, inritum |
ineffective, useless, invalid; in vain |
| inrogo, inrogare, inrogavi, inrogatus |
impose/inflict; demand/propose/call for |
| insanabilis, insanabilis, insanabile |
incurable; irremediable |
| insanio, insanire, insanivi, insanitus |
be mad, act crazily |
| insanus, insana -um, insanior -or -us, insanissimus -a -um |
mad, raging, insane, demented; frenzied, wild; possessed, inspired; maddening |
| insatiabilis, insatiabilis, insatiabile |
insatiable |
| inscriptio, inscriptionis F |
inscription |
| insector, insectari, insectatus sum |
pursue with hostile intent; pursue with hostile speech, etc |
| insero, inserere, inserui, insertus |
plant, sow; graft on; put in, insert |
| insidia, insidiae F |
ambush/ambuscade; plot; treachery, treacherous attack/device; trap/snare |
| insidio, insidiare, insidiavi, insidiatus |
lie in wait; plot |
| insido, insidere, insedi, insessus |
sit/settle on; occupy/seize, hold; penetrate, sink in; merge into |
| insisto, insistere, institi, - |
stand/tread upon, stand, stop; press on, persevere; pursue, set about |
| insitio, insitionis F |
grafting; place of graft; grafting time; graft, engrafted plant |
| insitus, insita, insitum |
inserted, incorporated, attached; grafting; innate |
| insolenter, insolentius, insolentissime |
haughtily, arrogantly, insolently; immoderately; unusually, contrary to custom |
| inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectus |
examine, inspect; consider, look into/at, observe |
| inspiro, inspirare, inspiravi, inspiratus |
inspire; excite, inflame; instill, implant; breathe into; blow upon/into |
| instar, undeclined N |
image, likeness, resemblance; counterpart; the equal/form of |
| insterno, insternere, instravi, instratus |
spread or strew on; cover; lay over |
| instigo, instigare, instigavi, instigatus |
urge on; incite, rouse |
| institutio, institutionis F |
institution; arrangement; instruction, education |
| insto, instare, institi, - |
pursue, threaten; approach, press hard; be close to; stand in/on |
| insulto, insultare, insultavi, insultatus |
leap/jump/spring; dance/trample; enter with a leap |
| insuper |
above, on top; in addition; over |
| intactus, intacta, intactum |
untouched, intact; untried; virgin |
| intellegentia, intellegentiae F |
intelligence; intellect; understanding |
| intellego, intellegere, additional, forms |
understand; realize |
| intelligo, intelligere, -, - |
understand; realize |
| intercapedo, intercapedinis F |
intermission; interruption, continuity break; interval/pause/delay/respite; gap |
| intercedo, intercedere, intercessi, intercessus |
intervene; intercede, interrupt; hinder; veto; exist/come between |
| intercludo, intercludere, interclusi, interclusus |
cut off; blockade; hinder, block up |
| interdius |
in the daytime; by day |
| interior, interior, interius |
inner, interior, middle; more remote; more intimate |
| interminor, interminari, interminatus sum |
utter threats; forbid w/threats; threaten, menace |
| intermitto, intermittere, intermisi, intermissus |
interrupt; omit; stop; leave off; leave a gap |
| internecivus, interneciva, internecivum |
murderous, deadly; devastating; fought to the death |
| internicio, internicionis F |
slaughter, massacre; extermination, total destruction of life; cause of such |
| internodium, internodi(i) N |
space between two joints in the body |
| interpellatio, interpellationis F |
interruption in speaking |
| interpono, interponere, interposui, interpositus |
insert, introduce; admit; allege; interpose |
| interpretor, interpretari, interpretatus sum |
explain/expound; interpret/prophesy from; understand/comprehend |
| interrumpo, interrumpere, interrupi, interruptus |
drive a gap in, break up; cut short, interrupt |
| intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus |
come between, intervene; occur, crop up |
| interviso, intervisere, intervisi, intervisus |
look at, visit |
| intestinus, intestina, intestinum |
internal; domestic, civil |
| intremo, intremere, -, - |
tremble, quake |
| intrinsecus, intrinseca, intrinsecum |
inward; internal |
| intritus, intrita, intritum |
not worn away, unexhausted |
| introrsum |
to within, inwards internally |
| inundatio, inundationis F |
flood |
| inunguo, inunguere, inunxi, inunctus |
anoint; cover; rub in |
| inuro, inurere, inussi, inustus |
burn, scorch; burn; cauterize; curl; tinge |
| invado, invadere, invasi, invasus |
enter, attempt; invade; take possession of; attack |
| invalesco, invalescere, invalui, - |
strengthen, grow strong; increase in power/effectiveness/intensity/frequency |
| invalidus, invalida, invalidum |
infirm, weak feeble ineffectual |
| inventor, inventoris M |
inventor; author; discoverer |
| invicem |
in turn; by turns; reciprocally/mutually |
| invictus, invicta, invictum |
unconquered; unconquerable, invincible |
| invidiosus, invidiosa -um, invidiosior -or -us, invidiosissimus -a -um |
arousing hatred/odium/envy; odious, invidious; enviable; envious, jealous |
| inviolatus, inviolata, inviolatum |
uninjured, unhurt; inviolable |
| invisibil, (gen.), invisibilis |
invisible; spiritual |
| invisitatus, invisitata, invisitatum |
unvisited, unseen |
| invitus, invita, invitum |
reluctant; unwilling; against one's will |
| involvo, involvere, involvi, involutus |
wrap, cover, envelop; roll along |
| irascor, irasci, iratus sum |
get/be/become angry; fly into a rage; be angry at; feel resentment |
| irrideo, irridere, irrisi, irrisus |
ridicule, mock, make fun of; laugh at |
| irrito, irritare, irritavi, irritatus |
excite; exasperate, provoke, aggravate, annoy, irritate |
| istuc |
thither, to you, to where you are; in that direction; to that subject/point |
| itero, iterare, iteravi, iteratus |
do a second time; repeat; renew, revise |
| itidem |
in the same manner/way, just so; likewise, similarly, also |
| jaculus, jacula, jaculum |
thrown, darting |
| janitor, janitoris M |
doorkeeper, porter; janitor |
| janua, januae F |
door, entrance |
| jecur, jecoris N |
liver |
| jejuno, jejunare, jejunavi, jejunatus |
fast; abstain form |
| jocor, jocari, jocatus sum |
joke, jest; say in jest; make merry |
| jocur, jocineris N |
liver |
| judiciarius, judiciaria, judiciarium |
of a court of justice, judicial |
| jugulans, jugulandos/is F |
walnut tree; walnut |
| jussio, jussionis F |
order, command; magistrate's order; requisition |
| juvenis, juvenis, juvene |
youthful, young |
| juventa, juventae F |
youth |
| juventus, juventutis F |
youth; the age of youth, young persons; young men, knights |
| labes, labis F |
landslip/subsidence; disaster/debacle; fault/defect/blot/stain/blemish/dishonor |
| labo, labare, labavi, labatus |
totter, be ready to fall; begin to sink; give way; waver, decline, sink; err |
| lac, lactis N |
milk; milky juice of plants; spat/spawn |
| lacerna, lacernae F |
open mantle/cloak |
| lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitus |
provoke, excite, harass, challenge, harass; attack, assail |
| lacrima, lacrimae F |
tear; exuded gum/sap; bit of lead; quicksilver from ore; weeping; dirge |
| lacrimor, lacrimari, lacrimatus sum |
shed tears, weep |
| lacuna, lacunae F |
pit/hollow/cavity/depression; pool; gap/deficiency |
| laetifico, laetificare, laetificavi, laetificatus |
fertilize, enrich, make fruitful; delight, cheer, gladden, rejoice |
| laevus, laeva, laevum |
left, on the left hand; from the left; unpropitious, unfavorable, harmful |
| lambo, lambere, lambui, lambitus |
lick; lap/lick/suck up, absorb; wash/bathe; surround; fondle/caress; fawn |
| lamia, lamiae F |
witch; bogey/demon; female monster; vampire |
| laneus, lanea, laneum |
woolen, made of wool; resembling wool |
| langueo, languere, -, - |
be tired; be listless/sluggish/unwell/ill; wilt, lack vigor |
| lanista, lanistae M |
manager of a troop of gladiators, trainer |
| lapidosus, lapidosa, lapidosum |
stony, full of stones; gritty |
| lapillus, lapilli M |
little stone, pebble; precious stone, gem, jewel |
| laqueus, laquei M |
noose; snare, trap |
| largitio, largitionis F |
generosity, lavish giving, largess; bribery; distribution of dole/land |
| lascivus, lasciva, lascivum |
playful; lustful, wanton; impudent, mischievous; free from restraint |
| lateo, latere, latui, - |
lie hidden, lurk; live a retired life, escape notice |
| latericius, latericia, latericium |
made of bricks |
| laticlavius, laticlavia, laticlavium |
having broad crimson stripe |
| latinitas, latinitatis F |
Latinity; pure Latin style; L:Latin Law |
| latitudo, latitudinis F |
width, breadth, extent |
| latratus, latratus M |
barking/baying; shouting, bawling; roaring |
| latro, latrare, latravi, latratus |
bark, bark at |
| latro, latronis M |
robber, brigand, bandit; plunderer |
| latrocinium, latrocini(i) N |
brigandage, robbery, highway robbery; piracy, freebooting; villainy |
| laudatio, laudationis F |
commendation, praising; eulogy |
| laureatus, laureata, laureatum |
wearing/adorned w/laurel; laureate |
| laus, laudis F |
praise, approval, merit; glory; renown |
| lautitia, lautitiae F |
elegance, splendor, sumptuousness, luxury |
| lavo, lavare, lavi, lotus |
wash, bathe; soak |
| laxitas, laxitatis F |
roominess, largeness |
| laxus, laxa -um, laxior -or -us, laxissimus -a -um |
wide, spacious, ample, roomy; loose, not close packed; slack, not tight; lax |
| lecticula, lecticulae F |
small litter |
| lectio, lectionis F |
reading; perusal; choosing; lecture; narrative |
| legatio, legationis F |
embassy; member of an embassy; mission |
| legionarius, legionaria, legionarium |
legionary, of a legion |
| legitimus, legitima, legitimum |
lawful, right; legitimate; real, genuine; just; proper |
| lenis, lene, lenior -or -us, lenissimus -a -um |
gentle, kind, light; smooth, mild, easy, calm |
| lenocinium, lenocini(i) N |
pandering; allurement, enticement; flattery |
| letalis, letalis, letale |
deadly, fatal; lethal, mortal |
| letum, leti N |
death; Death; manner of dying; P:destruction |
| leviter, levius, levissime |
lightly/gently/softly/quietly/mildly/slightly; groundlessly/thoughtlessly |
| libella, libellae F |
small silver coin, plumbline; level |
| libenter, libentius, libentissime |
willingly; gladly, with pleasure |
| liberalitas, liberalitatis F |
courtesy, kindness, nobleness; generosity; frankness; gift |
| liberto, libertare, libertavi, libertatus |
liberate; E:exempt |
| libo, libare, libavi, libatus |
nibble, sip; pour in offering/a libation; impair; graze, touch, skim |
| libra, librae F |
scales, balance; level; Roman pound, 12 unciae/ounces |
| libro, librare, libravi, libratus |
balance,swing; hurl |
| licentia, licentiae F |
freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness; outspokenness |
| licet, licere, licuit, licitus est |
it is permitted, one may; it is all right, lawful, allowed, permitted |
| licitatio, licitationis F |
bidding, offering of a price |
| lienosus, lienosi M |
one suffering from a disorder of the spleen |
| ligneus, lignea, ligneum |
wooden, wood-; woody, like wood, tough/stringy |
| limes, limitis M |
path, track; limit; strip of uncultivated ground marking boundary |
| limo, limare, limavi, limatus |
file; polish; file down; detract gradually from |
| limus, lima, limum |
oblique, transverse; sidelong, sideways; askew, aslant; askance |
| lineus, linea, lineum |
made of flax or linen |
| liquidus, liquida -um, liquidior -or -us, liquidissimus -a -um |
clear, limpid, pure, unmixed; liquid; flowing, without interruption; smooth |
| lis, litis F |
lawsuit; quarrel |
| litigator, litigatoris M |
litigant, one engaged in a lawsuit |
| lito, litare, litavi, litatus |
obtain/give favorable omens from sacrifice; make offering |
| litterarius, litteraria, litterarium |
literary; pertaining to writing |
| lixa, lixae M |
camp-follower |
| loco, locare, locavi, locatus |
place, put, station; arrange; contract; farm out on contract |
| loculus, loculi M |
spot, little/small place; compartment/pigeon-hole; coffin, bier |
| locuples, locupletis (gen.), locupletior -or -us, locupletissimus -a -um |
substantial, opulent, wealthy; rich in lands; rich, richly provided; trusty |
| longinquus, longinqua -um, longinquior -or -us, longinquissimus -a -um |
remote, distant, far off; lasting, of long duration |
| lucrum, lucri N |
gain, profit; avarice |
| luctus, luctus M |
grief, sorrow, lamentation, mourning; cause of grief |
| ludicrus, ludicra, ludicrum |
connected with sport or the stage |
| ludius, ludi(i) M |
dancer; stage performer |
| lugubris, lugubris, lugubre |
mourning; mournful; grievous |
| lupa, lupae F |
she-wolf; prostitute |
| lupinus, lupina, lupinum |
of or belonging to a wolf; made of wolf-skin |
| lustro, lustrare, lustravi, lustratus |
purify cermonially, cleanse by sacrifice, expiate |
| lustrum, lustri N |
bog/morass/slough, muddy place; forest/wilderness/wilds, haunt of wild beasts |
| luxuria, luxuriae F |
luxury; extravagance; thriving condition |
| lyceum, lycei N |
gymnasium of Aristotle; Cicero's Tusculan gymnasium; high school; college |
| lyra, lyrae F |
lyre; lyric poetry/inspiration/genius; Lyra/the Lyre; lute/harp |
| maceria, maceriae F |
wall |
| macero, macerare, maceravi, maceratus |
make wet/soft, soak/steep/bathe; soften; wear down, exhaust; worry, annoy/vex |
| machinor, machinari, machinatus sum |
devise; plot |
| macto, mactare, mactavi, mactatus |
magnify, honor; sacrifice; slaughter, destroy |
| maculosus, maculosa, maculosum |
spotted; disreputable |
| maereo, maerere, -, - |
grieve, be sad, mourn; bewail/mourn for/lament; utter mournfully |
| maestus, maesta -um, maestior -or -us, maestissimus -a -um |
sad/unhappy; mournful/gloomy; mourning; stern/grim; ill-omened/inauspicious |
| magisterius, magisteria, magisterium |
magisterial; official |
| magnanimus, magnanima, magnanimum |
brave, bold, noble in spirit; generous |
| magnificentia, magnificentiae F |
greatness; loftiness, nobleness; generosity; grandeur, splendor, luxury; pride |
| malignus, maligna, malignum |
spiteful; niggardly; narrow |
| malitia, malitiae F |
ill will, malice; wickedness; vice, fault |
| malivolus, malivola, malivolum |
spiteful, malevolent; ill-disposed; disaffected; envious |
| mamma, mammae F |
breast, udder |
| mancipium, mancipi(i) N |
possession; formal purchase; slaves |
| mando, mandere, mandi, mansus |
chew, champ, masticate, gnaw; eat, devour; lay waste |
| manduco, manducare, manducavi, manducatus |
chew, masticate, gnaw; eat, devour |
| mango, mangonis M |
dealer |
| manipularis, manipularis, manipulare |
of/belonging to maniple; belonging to the ranks; private |
| manis, manis M |
shades/ghosts of dead; gods of Lower World; corpse/remains; underworld |
| mantele, mantelis N |
handtowel; napkin; towel, cloth; tablecloth |
| manubia, manubiae F |
general's share of the booty; prize-money; profits |
| marinus, marina, marinum |
marine; of the sea; sea born |
| mariscus, marisca, mariscum |
kind of large/inferior fig |
| maritus, marita, maritum |
nuptial; of marriage; married, wedded, united |
| marmoreus, marmorea, marmoreum |
marble; of marble; marble-like |
| maternus, materna, maternum |
maternal, motherly, of a mother |
| matricida, matricidae |
matricide |
| matrimonium, matrimoni(i) N |
marriage; matrimony |
| matrona, matronae F |
wife; matron |
| mavult |
prefer |
| maxilla, maxillae F |
jaw, lower part of the face; jaws/jaw-bones |
| medicamen, medicaminis N |
drug, remedy, medicine; cosmetic; substance to treat seeds/plants; dye |
| medicinus, medicina, medicinum |
of the art/practice of medicine/healing, medical |
| mediocritas, mediocritatis F |
moderateness; avoidance of extremes; intermediate way |
| mediocriter, mediocrius, mediocrissime |
to moderate/subdued extent/degree, ordinarily/moderately/tolerably; not very |
| memini, meminisse, - |
remember; keep in mind, pay heed to; be sure; recall |
| memor, (gen.), memoris |
remembering; mindful, grateful; unforgetting, commemorative |
| memorabilis, memorabilis, memorabile |
memorable; remarkable |
| mena, menae F |
small sea-fish |
| menda, mendae F |
bodily defect, blemish; fault, error |
| mendacium, mendaci(i) N |
lie, lying, falsehood, untruth; counterfeit, fraud |
| mensarius, mensari(i) M |
money-changer, banker; treasury official |
| mensor, mensoris M |
land-surveyor; surveyor of building-works |
| menstrualis, menstrualis, menstruale |
liable to menstruate; in process of menstruation; lasting a month |
| menstruus, menstrua, menstruum |
monthly; happens/done/paid every month; of/lasting for/consisting of a month |
| mentio, mentionis F |
mention, making mention; calling to mind; naming |
| mentior, mentiri, mentitus sum |
lie, deceive, invent; imitate; feign; pretend; speak falsely about |
| mercator, mercatoris M |
trader, merchant |
| mereo, merere, merui, meritus |
earn; deserve/merit/have right; win/gain/incur; earn soldier/whore pay, serve |
| meretricius, meretricia, meretricium |
of/belonging to/typical of a courtesan/prostitute/harlot |
| meretrix, meretricis F |
courtesan, kept woman; public prostitute; harlot |
| meridies, meridiei M |
noon; midday; south |
| merus, mera, merum |
unmixed, pure, only; bare, mere, sheer |
| merx, mercis F |
commodity; merchandise, goods |
| messis, messis |
harvest, crop; harvest time |
| metallum, metalli N |
metal; mine; quarry |
| mico, micare, micui, - |
vibrate, quiver, twinkle; tremble, throb; beat; dart, flash, glitter |
| migro, migrare, migravi, migratus |
transport; move; change residence/condition; go away; depart; remove |
| mille, millesimus -a -um, milleni -ae -a, milie(n)s |
1000 times, on 1000 occasions- |
| mimus, mimi M |
mime; farce; actor in mimes |
| mina, minae F |
Greek weight unit; its weight of silver |
| ministra, ministrae F |
female attendant |
| misericordia, misericordiae F |
pity, sympathy; compassion, mercy; pathos |
| missilis, missilis, missile |
that may be thrown, missile |
| mitesco, mitescere, -, - |
become/be/grow mild/soft/gentle/mellow/tame/civilized; soften |
| mitis, mite, mitior -or -us, mitissimus -a -um |
mild, meek, gentle, placid, soothing; clement; ripe, sweet and juicy |
| mobilitas, mobilitatis F |
mobility, agility; speed; quickness of mind; inconstancy |
| moderatio, moderationis F |
moderation; self control; guidance; government, regulation |
| modestus, modesta, modestum |
restrained, mild; modest; reserved; disciplined |
| modius, modi(i) M |
peck; Roman dry measure |
| modulor, modulari, modulatus sum |
sing; play; set to music |
| modulus, moduli M |
little measure |
| moenia, moenium |
defensive/town walls, bulwarks; fortifications; fortified town; castle |
| molaris, molaris M |
rock as large as a millstone used as a missile; molar tooth |
| molestus, molesta -um, molestior -or -us, molestissimus -a -um |
annoying; troublesome; tiresome |
| molo, molere, molui, molitus |
grind |
| moneta, monetae F |
money/coinage; die on which coin is struck, stamp; mint, temple striking coins |
| monimentum, monimenti N |
monument |
| monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus |
show; point out, reveal; advise, teach |
| monstrum, monstri N |
monster; portent, unnatural thing/event regarded as omen/sign/portent |
| montuosus, montuosa, montuosum |
mountainous |
| monumentum, monumenti N |
reminder; memorial, monument, tomb; record, literary work, history, book |
| mora, morae F |
delay, hindrance, obstacle; pause |
| morsus, morsus M |
bite, sting; anguish, pain; jaws; teeth |
| mugio, mugire, mugivi, mugitus |
low, bellow; make a loud deep noise |
| mugitus, mugitus M |
lowing, bellowing; roaring, rumble |
| mulceo, mulcere, mulsi, mulsus |
stroke, touch lightly, fondle, soothe, appease, charm, flatter, delight |
| multiplex, (gen.), multiplicis |
having many twists/turns; having many layers/thicknesses, many deep; complex |
| multiplico, multiplicare, multiplicavi, multiplicatus |
multiply; repeat; increase; have/use on many occasions |
| multo, multare, multavi, multatus |
punish, fine; extract as forfeit; sentence to pay |
| mulus, muli M |
mule |
| municipalis, municipalis, municipale |
of/belonging to/typical of/inhabiting/from a municipium; provincial |
| municipium, municipi(i) N |
municipality, town; town subject to Rome but under its own laws; free town |
| munio, munire, munivi, munitus |
fortify; strengthen; protect, defend, safeguard; build |
| munusculum, munusculi N |
small present or favor |
| muralis, muralis, murale |
of walls; of a wall; turreted; mural |
| murmur, murmuris |
murmur/mutter; whisper/rustle, hum/buzz; low noise; roar/growl/grunt/rumble |
| murus, muri M |
wall, city wall |
| mus, muris |
mouse |
| muscipulum, muscipuli N |
mouse trap |
| muscosus, muscosa, muscosum |
mossy |
| muscus, musci M |
moss |
| musicus, musica, musicum |
of/belonging to poetry or music, musical |
| mutuo, mutuare, mutuavi, mutuatus |
lend; exchange |
| nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum |
obtain, get; find, meet with, receive, stumble on, light on |
| nasus, nasi M |
nose; sense of smelling |
| natio, nationis F |
nation, people; birth; race, class, set; gentiles; heathens |
| nativus, nativa, nativum |
original; innate; natural; born |
| nato, natare, natavi, natatus |
swim; float |
| nauta, nautae M |
sailor, seaman, mariner |
| navigabilis, navigabilis, navigabile |
navigable, suitable for shipping |
| navigatio, navigationis F |
sailing; navigation; voyage |
| nec |
nor; and not, not, neither, not even |
| necessitas, necessitatis F |
need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond |
| neco, necare, necavi, necatus |
kill/murder; put to death; suppress, destroy; kill; quench/drown |
| necopinans, (gen.), necopinantis |
not expecting; unawares |
| necubi |
lest anywhere/at any place; lest on any occasion; that nowhere |
| nefandus, nefanda, nefandum |
impious, wicked; abominable |
| nefarius, nefaria, nefarium |
wicked, evil, offending moral law; criminal, abominable; horrible/vile/foul |
| nefas, undeclined N |
sin, violation of divine law, impious act |
| neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus |
disregard, neglect, ignore, regard of no consequence; do nothing about; despise |
| negotio, negotiare, negotiavi, negotiatus |
carry on business; trade |
| nenia, neniae F |
funeral dirge sung; incantation, jingle |
| nervus, nervi M |
sinew/muscle/nerve; hamstring; tendon; stringed instrument |
| nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitus |
not know; be ignorant/unfamiliar/unaware/unacquainted/unable/unwilling |
| neuter, neutra, neutrum |
neither |
| nilum, nili N |
nothing; nothingness, which does not exist; something valueless; no respect |
| nimbus, nimbi M |
rainstorm, cloud |
| nimis |
very much; too much; exceedingly |
| nitidus, nitida, nitidum |
shining, bright |
| nobilis, nobile, nobilior -or -us, nobilissimus -a -um |
noble, well born; aristocratic; outstanding; important/prominent |
| nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum |
nocturnal, of night, at night, by night |
| nola, nolae F |
Nola; woman of Nola; bell |
| nolo, nolle, nolui, - |
be unwilling; wish not to; refuse to |
| nomenculator, nomenculatoris M |
one who address person by name; slave who announced guests/dishes; an official |
| nominatim |
by name |
| nondum |
not yet |
| nonnisi |
not unless; not except; only |
| notabilis, notabilis, notabile |
remarkable, notable |
| notesco, notescere, notui, - |
become known; become famous |
| notus, nota -um, notior -or -us, notissimus -a -um |
well known, familiar, notable, famous, esteemed; notorious, of ill repute |
| novem, nonus -a -um, noveni -ae -a, novie(n)s |
9 times, on 9 occasions- |
| noverca, novercae F |
stepmother |
| noxa, noxae F |
hurt, injury; crime; punishment, harm |
| noxius, noxia, noxium |
harmful, noxious; guilty, criminal |
| nubilis, nubilis, nubile |
marriageable |
| nubilus, nubila, nubilum |
cloudy; lowering |
| nummarius, nummaria, nummarium |
of/belonging to money; bribed with money, venal |
| nuntius, nuntia, nuntium |
announcing, bringing word; giving warning; prognosticatory |
| nuper, -, nuperrime |
recently, not long ago; in recent years/our own time; latest in series |
| nuptia, nuptiae F |
marriage, nuptials, wedding |
| nusquam |
nowhere; on no occasion |
| nutrimentum, nutrimenti N |
nourishment, sustenance |
| nutrix, nutricis F |
nurse |
| o |
Oh! |
| objicio, objicere, objeci, objectus |
throw before/to, cast; object, oppose; upbraid; throw in one's teeth; present |
| oblectamentum, oblectamenti N |
delight, pleasure, source of pleasure |
| oblimo, oblimare, oblimavi, oblimatus |
cover/fill with mud; silt up; clog |
| obliquus, obliqua, obliquum |
slanting; oblique |
| oblivio, oblivionis F |
oblivion; forgetfulness |
| obprobrium, obprobri(i) N |
reproach, taunt; disgrace, shame, scandal; source of reproach/shame |
| obscuritas, obscuritatis F |
darkness, obscurity unintelligibility |
| obsequium, obsequi(i) N |
compliance; consideration/deference/solicitude; services |
| obsero, obserere, obsevi, obsitus |
sow, plant; cover |
| observo, observare, observavi, observatus |
watch, observe; heed |
| obsidio, obsidionis F |
siege; blockade |
| obsigno, obsignare, obsignavi, obsignatus |
sign, seal |
| obsonium, obsoni(i) N |
food; provisions, shopping; food w/bread; victuals |
| obsto, obstare, obstiti, - |
oppose, hinder |
| obstringo, obstringere, obstrinxi, obstrictus |
confine; involve; oblige, put under an obligation, bind, bind by oath |
| obstruo, obstruere, obstruxi, obstructus |
block up, barricade |
| obtrectator, obtrectatoris M |
critic, disparager |
| obvenio, obvenire, obveni, obventus |
meet |
| obvius, obvia, obvium |
in the way, easy; hostile; exposed |
| occiput, occipitis N |
back of the head, occiput |
| occubo, occubare, occubui, occubitus |
lie; lie dead |
| occulco, occulcare, occulcavi, occulcatus |
trample down |
| ocis, oce, ocior -or -us, ocissimus -a -um |
swift/rapid, at speed; arriving/appearing/occurring earlier/sooner |
| octingenti -ae -a, octingentesimus -a -um, octingeni -ae -a, octingentie(n)s |
|
| octo, octavus -a -um, octoni -ae -a, octie(n)s |
8 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 8s |
| octo, octavus -a -um, octoni -ae -a, octie(n)s |
|
| odiosus, odiosa -um, odiosior -or -us, odiosissimus -a -um |
distasteful. disagreeable, offensive; tiresome, boring, troublesome, annoying |
| officio, officere, offeci, offectus |
block the path, check, impede |
| ohe |
hey! hey there! |
| olea, oleae F |
olive; olive-tree |
| oleo, olere, olui, - |
smell of, smell like |
| omnipotens, (gen.), omnipotentis |
all-powerful, omnipotent |
| operio, operire, operui, opertus |
cover; bury; overspread; shut/close; conceal; clothe, cover/hide the hea |
| operosus, operosa, operosum |
painstaking; laborious; elaborate |
| opifex, opificis M |
workman |
| opimus, opima, opimum |
rich, fertile; abundant; fat, plump |
| opperior, opperiri, opperitus sum |
wait; await |
| oppidanus, oppidana, oppidanum |
provincial; of a small town |
| oppleo, opplere, opplevi, oppletus |
fill; overspread |
| opportunus, opportuna -um, opportunior -or -us, opportunissimus -a -um |
suitable; advantageous; useful, fit, favorable/opportune, ready; liable/exposed |
| optimas, (gen.), optimatis |
aristocratic |
| optingo, optingere, optigi, - |
befall, occur; fall to as one's lot |
| opto, optare, optavi, optatus |
choose, select; wish, wish for, desire |
| opulentus, opulenta -um, opulentior -or -us, opulentissimus -a -um |
wealthy; rich in wealth/resources; well supplied; sumptuous, opulent, rich |
| oraculum, oraculi N |
oracle; prophecy; oracular saying/precept/maxim |
| orbo, orbare, orbavi, orbatus |
bereave, deprive |
| orca, orcae F |
pot or jar with a large belly and narrow neck; large sea mammal |
| orchestra, orchestrae F |
area in front of stage |
| ordinarius, ordinaria, ordinarium |
regular, ordinary |
| ornamentum, ornamenti N |
equipment; decoration; jewel; ornament, trappings |
| ornatus, ornata -um, ornatior -or -us, ornatissimus -a -um |
well equipped/endowed, richly adorned, ornate; distinguished, honored |
| os, ossis N |
bone; kernel; heartwood; stone |
| osculum, osculi N |
kiss; mouth; lips; orifice; mouthpiece |
| ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentus |
show; reveal; make clear, point out, display, exhibit |
| ostento, ostentare, ostentavi, ostentatus |
show, display; point out, declare; disclose, hold out |
| ostentus, ostentus M |
display, demonstration, advertisement |
| ostiarius, ostiaria, ostiarium |
of/belonging to door |
| ostium, osti(i) N |
doorway; front door; starting gate; entrance; mouth |
| otium, oti(i) N |
leisure; spare time; holiday; ease/rest/peace/quiet; tranquility/calm; lull |
| ovis, ovis F |
sheep |
| ovo, ovare, ovavi, ovatus |
rejoice |
| pactio, pactionis F |
bargain, agreement |
| paedagogus, paedagogi M |
slave, who accompanied children to school; pedagogue |
| paelex, paelicis F |
mistress, concubine; male prostitute |
| paenitentia, paenitentiae F |
regret; change of mind/attitude; repentance/contrition; penance |
| paeniteo, paenitere, paenitui, - |
displease; regret; repent, be sorry |
| paganus, pagana, paganum |
pagan; of a pagus; rural/rustic; civilian |
| pagus, pagi M |
country district/community, canton |
| palaestra, palaestrae F |
palaestra, wrestling school; gymnasium |
| palea, paleae F |
chaff, husk |
| pallium, palli(i) N |
cover, coverlet; Greek cloak |
| pallor, palloris M |
wanness; paleness of complexion; pallidness |
| palma, palmae F |
palm/width of the hand; hand; palm tree/branch; date; palm award/first place |
| palmula, palmulae F |
oar |
| palpito, palpitare, palpitavi, palpitatus |
throb, beat, pulsate |
| paludamentum, paludamenti N |
general's cloak, of scarlet color |
| palus, paludis F |
swamp, marsh |
| paluster, palustris, palustre |
marshy; of marshes |
| panthera, pantherae F |
leopard; the whole of a single catch made by a fowler |
| pantomimus, pantomimi M |
mime performer in a pantomime |
| paradisus, paradisi M |
Paradise, Garden of Eden; abode of the blessed; park, orchard; a town/river |
| parco, parcere, peperci, parsus |
forbear, refrain from; spare; show consideration; be economical/thrifty with |
| pardus, pardi M |
panther or leopard |
| parens, parentis |
parent, father, mother |
| parito, paritare, paritavi, paritatus |
make ready |
| parsimonia, parsimoniae F |
frugality, thrift, parsimony, temperance |
| participo, participare, participavi, participatus |
share; impart; partake of; participate in |
| partior, partiri, partitus sum |
share, divide up, distribute |
| passim |
here and there; everywhere |
| patiens, patientis (gen.), patientior -or -us, patientissimus -a -um |
patient/long-suffering; tolerant/easy-going; submissive/liable/susceptible to |
| patientia, patientiae F |
endurance/hardiness; patience/persistence; apathy; sufferance; hardship |
| patriciatus, patriciatus M |
patrician status/dignity; patriciate; dignity of imperial court |
| patronus, patroni M |
patron; advocate; defender, protector |
| patruus, patrui M |
father's brother; paternal uncle |
| paulatim |
little by little, by degrees, gradually; a small amount at a time, bit by bit |
| paulisper |
for a short time/brief while |
| paululus, paulula, paululum |
little; small; small amount/quantity of/little bit of |
| pauper, pauperis (gen.), pauperior -or -us, pauperrimus -a -um |
poor/meager/unproductive; scantily endowed; cheap, of little worth; of poor man |
| pavefacio, pavefacere, pavefeci, pavefactus |
terrify; alarm; scare/frighten |
| pavo, pavonis M |
peacock |
| pecco, peccare, peccavi, peccatus |
sin; do wrong, commit moral offense; blunder, stumble; be wrong |
| peculiaris, peculiaris, peculiare |
personal/private/special/peculiar/specific, one's own; singular/exceptional |
| pecus, pecudis F |
sheep; animal |
| pecus, pecoris N |
cattle, herd, flock |
| pellicio, pellicere, pellexi, pellectus |
attract/draw away; allure/seduce/entice/captivate; coax/induce/wheedle/win over |
| pellis, pellis F |
skin, hide; pelt |
| pena, penae F |
penalty, punishment; revenge/retribution |
| pendeo, pendere, pependi, - |
hang, hang down; depend |
| penetralis, penetralis, penetrale |
inner, innermost |
| penetro, penetrare, penetravi, penetratus |
enter, penetrate |
| pensio, pensionis F |
payment, installment, pension; paying out; rent; measured weight; recompense |
| pensito, pensitare, pensitavi, pensitatus |
weigh/ponder/consider; compare; pay/be subject to tax; bring in income |
| penso, pensare, pensavi, pensatus |
weigh; pay/punish for; counterbalance, compensate; ponder, examine |
| penuarius, penuaria, penuarium |
used for food storage |
| peragro, peragrare, peragravi, peragratus |
travel over every part of, scour |
| percipio, percipere, percepi, perceptus |
secure, gain; perceive, learn, feel |
| percontor, percontari, percontatus sum |
inquire |
| percurro, percurrere, percucurri, percursus |
quickly move/run/travel/hasten/pass through/over; form continuous line; stroke |
| percussor, percussoris M |
murderer, assassin |
| perennis, perennis, perenne |
continual; everlasting, perpetual, perennial; eternal |
| perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus |
carry through; bear, endure to the end, suffer; announce |
| perflo, perflare, perflavi, perflatus |
blow through or over |
| perforo, perforare, perforavi, perforatus |
bore/pierce/make a hole/passage/break in/through; bore/pierce/stab/perforate |
| pergula, pergulae F |
attachment to front of building for trading, booth/stall/shop; painting studio |
| perhibeo, perhibere, perhibui, perhibitus |
present, give, bestow; regard, hold; name |
| perimo, perimere, peremi, peremptus |
kill, destroy |
| perinde |
in the same way/just as, equally; likewise |
| peristylon, peristyli N |
inner courtyard lined with rows of columns, peristyle |
| peritia, peritiae F |
practical knowledge, skill, expertise; experience |
| perlego, perlegere, perlegi, perlectus |
read over/through; scan, survey, run one's eyes over; recount |
| permagnus, permagna, permagnum |
very great |
| permeo, permeare, permeavi, permeatus |
go or pass through, cross, traverse; pervade |
| permultus, permulta, permultum |
very much; very many |
| permuto, permutare, permutavi, permutatus |
exchange; swap |
| perniciosus, perniciosa, perniciosum |
destructive, dangerous, pernicious |
| pernicitas, pernicitatis F |
speed, agility |
| pernocto, pernoctare, pernoctavi, pernoctatus |
spend the night; occupy the night; guard all night |
| perpetior, perpeti, perpessus sum |
endure to the full |
| perrumpo, perrumpere, perrupi, perruptus |
break through |
| persaepe |
very often |
| persecutor, persecutoris M |
persecutor; prosecutor, plaintiff |
| perseveranter, perseverantius, perseverantissime |
steadfastly, persistently; with continued action |
| persona, personae F |
mask; character; personality |
| perspicio, perspicere, perspexi, perspectus |
see through; examine; observe |
| persto, perstare, perstiti, perstatus |
stand firm; last, endure; persevere, persist in |
| persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasus |
persuade, convince |
| pertaedet, pertaedere, pertaeduit, pertaesus est |
it wearies; it disgusts; it bores |
| pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui, - |
become very scared |
| pertinacia, pertinaciae F |
determination/perseverance; persistence; obstinacy, stubbornness, defiance |
| pertraho, pertrahere, pertraxi, pertractus |
draw or drag through or to, bring or conduct forcibly to; draw on, lure |
| pertundo, pertundere, pertudi, pertusus |
bore through, perforate |
| perveho, pervehere, pervexi, pervectus |
bear, carry or convey through |
| pessimus, pessima, pessimum |
worst, most incapable; wickedest; most disloyal/unkind; lowest in quality/rank |
| pestifer, pestifera, pestiferum |
pestilential; destructive |
| pestis, pestis F |
plague, pestilence, curse, destruction |
| petasatus, petasata, petasatum |
wearing the petasus/hat |
| petulans, petulantis (gen.), petulantior -or -us, petulantissimus -a -um |
insolent, unruly, smart-alecky; forward, aggressive; impudent; reprobate/wanton |
| phalera, phalerae F |
ornaments worn by men of arms and horses |
| pharmacus, pharmaci M |
poisoner; sorcerer |
| philosophia, philosophiae F |
philosophy, love of wisdom |
| phonascus, phonasci M |
teacher of singing/music or elocution |
| phylarchus, phylarchi M |
head of a tribe/phyle, magistrate; emir; army/cavalry commander |
| picus, pici M |
woodpecker |
| piget, pigere, -, pigitus est |
it disgusts, irks, pains, chagrins, afflicts, grieves |
| pignus, pignoris N |
pledge, hostage, mortgage; bet, stake; symbol; relict |
| pila, pilae F |
ball; sphere; mortar, vessel in which things are pounded |
| pinna, pinnae F |
feather; wing; fin; battlement/parapet, spire/steeple; flap; water wheel paddle |
| pinnatus, pinnata, pinnatum |
feathered, winged |
| pinus, pini F |
pine/fir tree/wood/foliage; ship/mast/oar; pinewood torch |
| pio, piare, piavi, piatus |
appease, propitiate; cleanse, expiate |
| piscator, piscatoris M |
fisherman |
| pisciculus, pisciculi M |
little fish |
| pistrinum, pistrini N |
mill/bakery |
| pius, pia -um, -, piissimus -a -um |
conscientious; upright; faithful; patriotic/dutiful, respectful; righteous/good |
| pl., abb. |
of the common people/plebeians; abb. pl. for plebei/plebis |
| placidus, placida, placidum |
gentle, calm, mild, peaceful, placid |
| placo, placare, placavi, placatus |
appease; placate; reconcile |
| planta, plantae F |
cutting, heel, young shoot detached for propagation; seedling, young plant |
| planus, plana -um, planior -or -us, planissimus -a -um |
level, flat |
| platanus, platani F |
plane-tree |
| plaudo, plaudere, plausi, plausus |
clap, strike, pat; beat; applaud; express approval |
| ploro, plorare, ploravi, ploratus |
cry over, cry aloud; lament, weep; deplore |
| pluma, plumae F |
feather; plume |
| plurifariam |
in many places, extensively; in many ways |
| pluvius, pluvia, pluvium |
rainy, causing or bringing rain |
| polleo, pollere, -, - |
exert power or influence; be strong |
| polluo, polluere, pollui, pollutus |
soil/foul/dirty/stain/pollute; infect; make impure; break |
| polus, pola, polum |
little; small; small amount/quantity of/little bit of |
| pompa, pompae F |
procession; retinue; pomp, ostentation |
| pons, pontis M |
bridge |
| pontificalis, pontificalis, pontificale |
pontifical, of or pertaining to a pontifex |
| pontus, ponti M |
sea |
| porcus, porci M |
pig, hog; tame swine; glutton |
| porrum, porri N |
leek |
| portendo, portendere, portendi, portentus |
predict, foretell; point out |
| portus, portus M |
port, harbor; refuge, haven, place of refuge |
| posco, poscere, poposci, - |
ask, demand |
| possessio, possessionis F |
possession, property |
| possibilis, possibilis, possibile |
possible |
| possideo, possidere, possedi, possessus |
seize, hold, be master of; possess, take/hold possession of, occupy; inherit |
| possido, possidere, -, - |
seize, hold, be master of; possess, take/hold possession of, occupy; inherit |
| postis, postis M |
doorpost |
| potentia, potentiae F |
force, power, political power |
| potio, potionis F |
drinking, drink |
| poto, potare, potavi, potus |
drink; drink heavily/convivially, tipple; swallow; absorb, soak up |
| praecello, praecellere, -, - |
excel; surpass |
| praeceptor, praeceptoris M |
teacher, instructor |
| praecido, praecidere, praecidi, praecisus |
cut off in front; cut back, cut short |
| praeclarus, praeclara, praeclarum |
very clear; splendid; famous; bright, illustrious; noble, distinguished |
| praeco, praeconis M |
herald, crier |
| praecognosco, praecognoscere, praecognovi, praecognitus |
have foreknowledge of, get to know/become aware of/learn beforehand |
| praecordium, praecordi(i) N |
vitals, diaphragm; breast; chest as the seat of feelings |
| praecox, (gen.), praecocis |
ripened too soon; premature; unseasonable; precocious |
| praecursor, praecursoris M |
forerunner; member of advance-guard |
| praeda, praedae F |
booty, loot, spoils, plunder, prey |
| praedicatio, praedicationis F |
announcement/statement; public proclaiming; praise/commendation/special mention |
| praedico, praedicere, praedixi, praedictus |
say beforehand, mention in advance; warn/predict/foretell; recommend/prescribe |
| praeditus, praedita, praeditum |
gifted; provided with |
| praedo, praedare, praedavi, praedatus |
pillage, despoil, plunder; rob/ravish/take; acquire loot; catch |
| praedo, praedonis M |
robber, thief; pirate |
| praefor, praefari, praefatus sum |
say/utter/mention beforehand/in advance; recite |
| praegnans, (gen.), praegnantis |
with child, pregnant |
| praeluceo, praelucere, praeluxi, - |
shine forth, outshine; light the way |
| praenuntio, praenuntiare, praenuntiavi, praenuntiatus |
announce in advance |
| praeparo, praeparare, praeparavi, praeparatus |
prepare |
| praepes, (gen.), praepetis |
flying straight ahead; nimble, fleet; winged |
| praepositio, praepositionis F |
prefixing; preposition, prefix; placing in front/in charge; preference |
| praesagio, praesagire, praesagivi, - |
have presentiment; portend |
| praesagium, praesagi(i) N |
sense of foreboding; prognostication |
| praesentio, praesentire, praesensi, praesensus |
feel or perceive beforehand; have a presentiment of |
| praesepe, praesepis N |
crib; manger; stall; brothel; haunt; lodging; home turf |
| praesertim |
especially; particularly |
| praestans, praestantis (gen.), praestantior -or -us, praestantissimus -a -um |
excellent, outstanding, surpassing all |
| praestituo, praestituere, praestitui, praestitutus |
determine in advance |
| praetendo, praetendere, praetendi, praetentus |
stretch out; spread before; extend in front; allege in excuse |
| praetermitto, praetermittere, praetermisi, praetermissus |
let pass; pass over; omit; overlook |
| praetervehor, praetervehi, praetervectus sum |
sail by, pass by, ride by; be born by |
| praetexo, praetexere, praetexui, praetextus |
weave in front, fringe; cloak; pretend |
| praetextatus, praetextata, praetextatum |
underage; juvenile; wearing a toga praetexta |
| praetorianus, praetoriana, praetorianum |
praetorian; of/belonging to the praetorian cohorts/Imperial bodyguard |
| praetura, praeturae F |
praetorship |
| praevaleo, praevalere, praevalui, - |
prevail; have superior power/force/weight/influence/worth/efficacy |
| praevius, praevia, praevium |
going before, leading the way |
| pratus, pratus M |
meadow, meadowland; meadow grass/crop; broad expanse/field/plain |
| presbyter, presbyteri M |
elder/presbyter; priest |
| pridem |
some time ago, previously |
| pridie |
day before |
| primas, (gen.), primatis |
noble; of the highest rank; principle |
| primoris, primoris M |
nobles, men of the first rank |
| primoris, primoris, primore |
first; foremost, extreme |
| priusquam |
before; until; sooner than |
| privigna, privignae F |
stepdaughter |
| privilegium, privilegi(i) N |
law in favor of/against specific individual; special right/privilege |
| probrum, probri N |
disgrace; abuse, insult; disgrace, shame |
| probus, proba, probum |
good, honest |
| procella, procellae F |
storm, gale; tumult, commotion |
| proclamo, proclamare, proclamavi, proclamatus |
call/cry out, raise an outcry; appeal noisily; take claim to court; proclaim |
| proclivis, proclivis, proclive |
sloping down; downward; prone; easy |
| proconsulatus, proconsulatus M |
proconsulship; office/position of proconsul |
| procreo, procreare, procreavi, procreatus |
bring into existence, beget, procreate; produce, create |
| prodigiosus, prodigiosa, prodigiosum |
freakish; prodigious |
| proditor, proditoris M |
traitor |
| proelior, proeliari, proeliatus sum |
fight |
| profanus, profana, profanum |
secular, profane; not initiated; impious |
| profectio, profectionis F |
departure |
| profero, proferre, protuli, prolatus |
bring forward; advance; defer; discover; mention |
| profligo, profligare, profligavi, profligatus |
overthrow, rout |
| profluvium, profluvii N |
flowing forth |
| profugio, profugere, profugi, - |
escape, escape from; run away from |
| profugus, profuga, profugum |
fugitive/fleeing/escaping; exiled; shrinking; P:eluding one's grasp |
| profundus, profunda, profundum |
deep, profound; boundless; insatiable |
| progener, progeneri M |
grandson-in-law; grand-daughter's husband |
| progenies, progeniei F |
race, family, progeny |
| progredior, progredi, progressus sum |
go, come forth, go forward, march forward; advance. proceed. make progress |
| prolixitas, prolixitatis F |
extent; extension in space, elongation; extension in time, long duration |
| promereor, promereri, promeritus sum |
deserve, merit; deserve well of; earn; gain |
| promiscuus, promiscua, promiscuum |
common, shared general, indiscriminate |
| promus, promi M |
butler; steward |
| propago, propagare, propagavi, propagatus |
propagate; extend, enlarge, increase |
| propalam |
openly |
| propello, propellere, propuli, propulsus |
drive forward/forth; drive away/out/off; defeat |
| propero, properare, properavi, properatus |
hurry, speed up; be quick |
| prophetes, prophetae M |
prophet; spokesman/interpreter of a god; foreteller, soothsayer |
| propitius, propitia, propitium |
favorably inclined, well-disposed, propitious |
| proripio, proripere, proripui, proreptus |
drag or snatch away; rush or burst forth |
| prorogo, prorogare, prorogavi, prorogatus |
prolong, keep going; put off, defer |
| prorumpo, prorumpere, prorupi, proruptus |
rush forth, break out |
| proruo, proruere, prorui, prorutus |
rush forward; tumble down; overthrow; hurl forward |
| proscindo, proscindere, proscidi, proscissus |
cut, slit, gash; plow; flay with words, castigate |
| prosilio, prosilire, prosilivi, - |
jump/leap up/forward; rush/leap/spring forth/to; gush/break/jut out |
| prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectus |
foresee; see far off; watch for, provide for, look out for |
| prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus |
knock over, lay low; strike down, overthrow; exhaust; debase/demean; prostrate |
| protego, protegere, protexi, protectus |
cover, protect |
| protraho, protrahere, protraxi, protractus |
drag forward, produce; bring to light, reveal; prolong, protract |
| proveho, provehere, provexi, provectus |
carry; pass, be carried, ride, sail |
| provenio, provenire, proveni, proventus |
come forth; come into being; prosper |
| prurigo, pruriginis F |
itch |
| pubes, (gen.), puberis |
adult, grown-up; full of sap |
| publicanus, publicana, publicanum |
of public revenue |
| pudeo, pudere, pudui, puditus |
be ashamed; make ashamed |
| pudor, pudoris M |
decency, shame; sense of honor; modesty; bashfulness |
| puerilis, puerilis, puerile |
boyish; youthful, childish |
| pueriliter |
childishly, foolishly |
| pueritia, pueritiae F |
childhood, boyhood; callowness, childish nature; state/fact of being boy |
| pugil, pugilis M |
boxer, pugilist |
| pugillaris, pugillaris, pugillare |
hand-holdable; that can be held in hand |
| pugilo, pugilare, pugilavi, pugilatus |
box |
| pulcer, pulcra -um, pulcrior -or -us, pulcerrimus -a -um |
pretty; beautiful; handsome; noble, illustrious |
| pulchritudo, pulchritudinis F |
beauty, excellence |
| puleium, puleii N |
fleabane, penny-royal |
| pullatus, pullata, pullatum |
clad in dirty or black garments |
| pullus, pulla, pullum |
blackish, dark colored, of undyed wool as worn in morning |
| pulso, pulsare, pulsavi, pulsatus |
beat; pulsate |
| pulvinar, pulvinaris N |
cushioned couch; couch for deity |
| pulvis, pulveris M |
dust, powder; sand |
| pumilus, pumili M |
dwarf |
| punio, punire, punivi, punitus |
punish, inflict punishment; avenge, extract retribution |
| pupillaris, pupillaris, pupillare |
of a ward/orphan; of/involving/suitable to minor under care of a guardian |
| puppis, puppis F |
stern/aft; poop; ship; back |
| purgo, purgare, purgavi, purgatus |
make clean, cleanse; excuse |
| purus, pura -um, purior -or -us, purissimus -a -um |
pure, clean, unsoiled; free from defilement/taboo/stain; blameless, innocent |
| pus, puris N |
pus; foul/corrupt matter; bitterness, gall, venom |
| pusillus, pusilla -um, pusillior -or -us, pusillissimus -a -um |
tiny, wee, very small; miniature, on a tiny scale |
| putamen, putaminis N |
cutting, paring, shell |
| putatio, putationis F |
pruning |
| puteus, putei M |
well |
| qu |
certain |
| qua |
where; by which route |
| quacumque |
wherever; in whatever part/manner, however; by whatever route/way |
| quadraginta, quadragesimus -a -um, quadrageni -ae -a, quadragie(n)s |
40 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 40s |
| quadriduum, quadridui N |
period of four days |
| quadriennium, quadriennii N |
period of four years |
| quadriga, quadrigae F |
four horse chariot; chariot team of four horses; any team |
| quadrimus, quadrima, quadrimum |
four years old |
| quadringenti -ae -a, quadringentesimus -a -um, quadringeni -ae -a, quadringentie(n)s |
400 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 400s |
| quadringenti -ae -a, quadringentesimus -a -um, quadringeni -ae -a, quadringentie(n)s |
400 times, on 400 occasions- |
| quaestor, quaestoris M |
quaestor; state treasurer; quartermaster general |
| quaestorius, quaestori(i) M |
ex-quaestor |
| quaestura, quaesturae F |
quaestorship; public money |
| quaestus, quaestus M |
gain, profit |
| qualitas, qualitatis F |
character/nature, essential/distinguishing quality/characteristic; G:mood |
| quam |
how, how much; as, than |
| quamdiu |
for how long?; how long?; how long!, what a long time!; until; as long as |
| quandoquidem |
since, seeing that |
| quapropter |
wherefore, why, for what? |
| quasso, quassare, quassavi, quassatus |
shake repeatedly; wave, flourish; batter; weaken |
| quatenus |
how far/long?, to what point; to what extent; where; while, so far as; since |
| quattuordecim, -, -, quatterdecie(n)s |
|
| quatuordecim, -, -, quaterdecie(n)s |
14 times, on 14 occasions- |
| querela, querelae F |
complaint, grievance; illness; difference of opinion; lament; blame |
| quiddam, cuiusdam |
a certain, a certain thing; somebody, one, something |
| quies, quietis F |
quiet, calm, rest, peace; sleep |
| quincunx, quincuncis M |
quincunx, the five on dice; 5/12, esp. of an as= 5 unciae |
| quindecim, quindecimus -a -um, quindeci -ae -a, quindecie(n)s |
|
| quingenti -ae -a, quingentesimus -a -um, quingeni -ae -a, quingentie(n)s |
|
| quingenti -ae -a, quingentesimus -a -um, quingeni -ae -a, quingentie(n)s |
500 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 500s |
| quingenti -ae -a, quingentesimus -a -um, quingeni -ae -a, quingentie(n)s |
500 times, on 500 occasions- |
| quinquagensim |
50th-; 50th |
| quinquaginta, quinquagesimus -a -um, quinquageni -ae -a, quinquagie(n)s |
50 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 50s |
| quinque, quintus -a -um, quini -ae -a, quinquie(n)s |
5 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 5s |
| quinque, quintus -a -um, quini -ae -a, quinquie(n)s |
5 times, on 5 occasions- |
| quinquennium, quinquenni(i) N |
period of five years |
| quippe |
of course; as you see; obviously; naturally; by all means |
| quislibet, cuiuslibet |
whoever/whatever you please; anyone/anything whatever |
| quisnam, cuiusnam |
who then?; who in the world? |
| quispiam, cuiuspiam |
any/somebody, any, some, any/something |
| quod |
with respect to which |
| quod |
because, as far as, insofar as |
| quom |
with, together/jointly/along/simultaneous with, amid; supporting; attached |
| quomodo |
how, in what way; just as |
| quoquo |
whoever; whatever, whatsoever; every one who; everything which; each one; each |
| quotannis |
every year, yearly |
| rabies, rabiei F |
madness |
| rado, radere, rasi, rasus |
shave; scratch, scrape; coast by |
| ramus, rami M |
branch, bough |
| raptim |
hurriedly, suddenly |
| rationalis, rationalis, rationale |
rational, of/possessing reason; theoretical, dialectical; of accounts |
| rationarium, rationarii N |
statistical account |
| raucus, rauca, raucum |
hoarse; husky; raucous |
| rebello, rebellare, rebellavi, rebellatus |
rebel, revolt |
| recenseo, recensere, recensui, recensitus |
review/examine/survey/muster; enumerate/count, make census/roll; pass in review |
| recenseo, recensere, recensui, recensus |
review/examine/survey/muster; enumerate/count, make census/roll; pass in review |
| recido, recidere, recidi, recasus |
fall/sink back, lapse/relapse/revert; fall to earth; come to naught; rebound on |
| reclamo, reclamare, reclamavi, reclamatus |
cry out in protest at |
| reclino, reclinare, reclinavi, reclinatus |
bend back |
| reconciliatio, reconciliationis F |
renewal, re-establishment, reconciliation; restoration; reuniting |
| reconcilio, reconciliare, reconciliavi, reconciliatus |
restore; reconcile |
| recurro, recurrere, recurri, recursus |
run or hasten back; return; have recourse |
| recurvus, recurva, recurvum |
bent back on itself, bent round |
| recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus |
reject, refuse, refuse to; object; decline |
| redarguo, redarguere, redargui, - |
refute; prove untrue |
| reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus |
rebuild, repair, restore |
| refugio, refugere, refugi, - |
flee back; run away, escape |
| refulgeo, refulgere, refulsi, - |
flash back, reflect light; shine brightly; gleam, glitter, glisten |
| refuto, refutare, refutavi, refutatus |
check; refute |
| regina, reginae F |
queen |
| rejicio, rejicere, rejeci, rejectus |
throw back; drive back; repulse, repel; refuse, reject, scorn |
| relatio, relationis F |
laying of matter before Senate, such motion; referring back case to magistrate |
| religiosus, religiosa, religiosum |
pious/devout/religious/scrupulous; superstitious; taboo/sacred; reverent/devout |
| reliquia, reliquiae F |
remains/relics; remnants/traces/vestiges; survivors |
| reluctor, reluctari, reluctatus sum |
resist, struggle against, make opposition |
| remeo, remeare, remeavi, remeatus |
go or come back, return |
| remissus, remissa -um, remissior -or -us, remississimus -a -um |
relaxed/slack/sagging; loosely spaced; remiss; mild/gentle/free-and-easy/casual |
| remollio, remollire, remollivi, remollitus |
resoften; make soft again; weaken |
| renascor, renasci, renatus sum |
be born again, be renewed, be revived |
| renitor, reniti, renisus sum |
struggle, offer physical resistance; be resistant, not to yield |
| reor, reri, ratus sum |
think, regard; deem; suppose, believe, reckon |
| reparo, reparare, reparavi, reparatus |
prepare again; renew, revive |
| repleo, replere, replevi, repletus |
fill again; complete, fill |
| replico, replicare, replicavi, replicatus |
turn/fold/bend back; unroll; unwind; go over and over |
| repono, reponere, reposui, repositus |
put back; restore; store; repeat |
| reposco, reposcere, -, - |
demand back; claim as one's due |
| repraesento, repraesentare, repraesentavi, repraesentatus |
represent, depict; show, exhibit, display; manifest; pay down, pay in cash |
| reprehendo, reprehendere, reprehendi, reprehensus |
hold back, seize, catch; blame |
| reprimo, reprimere, repressi, repressus |
press back, repress; check, prevent, restrain |
| reputo, reputare, reputavi, reputatus |
think over, reflect |
| requiro, requirere, requisivi, requisitus |
require, seek, ask for; need; miss, pine for |
| reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatus |
reserve; spare; hold on to |
| resido, residere, residi, - |
sit down; settle; abate; subside, quieten down |
| resipisco, resipiscere, resipui, - |
become reasonable again; recover/come to the senses, come to, revive, recover |
| resisto, resistere, restiti, - |
pause; continue; resist, oppose; reply; withstand, stand; make a stand |
| respicio, respicere, respexi, respectus |
look back at; gaze at; consider; respect; care for, provide for |
| restio, restionis M |
rope-maker |
| restitutio, restitutionis F |
rebuilding; reinstatement |
| restringo, restringere, restrinxi, restrictus |
draw tight; fasten behind one, tie up |
| resulto, resultare, resultavi, resultatus |
reverberate, resound; re-echo; rebound, spring back |
| resumo, resumere, resumpsi, resumptus |
pick up again; resume; recover |
| resupinus, resupina, resupinum |
lying on one's back |
| resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi, resurrectus |
rise/appear again; rare up again, lift oneself, be restored/rebuilt, revive |
| retego, retegere, retexi, retectus |
uncover, lay bare, reveal, disclose |
| retorridus, retorrida, retorridum |
dried-up |
| revello, revellere, revelli, revulsus |
tear/pull away/loose/out/from/down/up; wrench off; remove |
| reviso, revisere, -, - |
revisit, go back and see |
| rhinoceros, rhinocerotos/is M |
rhinoceros; rhinoceros horn oil-flask |
| rictus, rictus M |
jaws; open mouth |
| rideo, ridere, risi, risus |
laugh at, laugh; ridicule |
| ridica, ridicae F |
wooden stake for supporting vines |
| rigor, rigoris M |
stiffness, rigidity, coldness, numbness, hardness; inflexibility; severity |
| ripa, ripae F |
bank |
| risus, risus M |
laughter |
| ritus, ritus M |
rite; ceremony |
| robigo, robiginis F |
rust; mildew, blight; a foul deposit in the mouth |
| robustus, robusta -um, robustior -or -us, robustissimus -a -um |
of oak; hard/firm/solid; hardy/robust/durable, able to resist change; valiant |
| rosarium, rosari(i) N |
rose-garden; rose-bed |
| roseus, rosea, roseum |
rose-colored, red; made of roses |
| rostrum, rostri N |
beak, curved bow; speaker's platform |
| rubeo, rubere, -, - |
be red, become red |
| ruber, rubra, rubrum |
red, ruddy, painted red |
| rubicundus, rubicunda, rubicundum |
suffused with red, ruddy |
| rubrica, rubricae F |
red earth; red ocher; a law with its title written in red |
| rudimentum, rudimenti N |
first lesson; early training |
| rudis, rudis, rude |
undeveloped, rough, wild; coarse |
| rudus, ruderis N |
lump, rough piece; piece of bronze, |
| ruo, ruere, rui, rutus |
destroy, ruin, overthrow; rush on, run; fall; charge; be ruined |
| rursum |
turned back, backward; on the contrary/other hand, in return, in turn, again |
| rus, ruris N |
country, farm |
| rusticus, rustica, rusticum |
country, rural; plain, homely, rustic |
| rutabulum, rutabuli N |
rod with flat end; penis |
| sabbatum, sabbati N |
Sabbath; Saturday; Sunday; festival/feast day |
| sabulum, sabuli N |
gravel, sand |
| sacerdotium, sacerdoti(i) N |
priesthood; benefice/living |
| sacramentum, sacramenti N |
sum deposited in a civil process, guaranty; oath of allegiance; sacrament |
| sacrarium, sacrari(i) N |
shrine, sanctuary |
| sacrilegus, sacrilega, sacrilegum |
sacrilegious, impious |
| sacro, sacrare, sacravi, sacratus |
consecrate, make sacred, dedicate |
| saeta, saetae F |
hair; bristle; brush; morbid internal growth; fishing-leader |
| sagitta, sagittae F |
arrow |
| sagulum, saguli N |
cloak, traveling cloak |
| sal, salis M |
salt; wit |
| salarius, salaria, salarium |
of salt, salt |
| salictum, salicti N |
collection of willows, willow grove |
| salix, salicis F |
willow-tree, willow |
| salo, salere, -, salsus |
salt, salt down, preserve with salt; sprinkle before sacrifice |
| salubritas, salubritatis F |
good health; wholesomeness |
| salus, salutis F |
health; prosperity; good wish; greeting; salvation, safety |
| salutatio, salutationis F |
greeting, salutation; formal morning call paid by client on patron/Emperor |
| salvia, salviae F |
sage |
| salvus, salva, salvum |
well, unharmed, sound; alive; safe, saved |
| sandaliarius, sandaliaria, sandaliarium |
relating to sandals |
| sanguineus, sanguinea, sanguineum |
bloody, bloodstained; blood-red |
| sapio, sapere, sapivi, - |
taste of; understand; have sense |
| sapor, saporis M |
taste, flavor; sense of taste |
| sarcina, sarcinae F |
pack, bundle, soldier's kit; baggage, belongings, chattels; load, burden |
| sario, sarire, sarivi, saritus |
hoe; weed; dig over |
| sat |
enough, adequately; sufficiently; well enough, quite; fairly, pretty |
| satelles, satellitis |
attendant; courtier; follower; life guard; companion; accomplice, abettor |
| satio, satiare, satiavi, satiatus |
satisfy, sate; nourish |
| satius |
rather; preferably |
| satyrus, satyri M |
satyr; satyric play |
| saucius, saucia, saucium |
wounded; ill, sick |
| scaber, scabra -um, scabrior -or -us, scaberrimus -a -um |
rough/scabrous from disease, scabby; rough/corroded |
| scabo, scabere, scabi, - |
scratch, scrape |
| scaenicus, scaenica, scaenicum |
theatrical |
| scala, scalae F |
ladder |
| scalpo, scalpere, scalpsi, scalptus |
scratch, draw nails across; dig out; carve/engrave |
| scato, scatere, -, - |
gush out, bubble, spring forth; swarm, be alive |
| schola, scholae F |
school; followers of a system/teacher/subject; thesis/subject; area w/benches |
| scilicet |
one may know, certainly; of course |
| scio, scire, scivi, scitus |
know, understand |
| scorpio, scorpionis M |
scorpion; small catapult; plant |
| scortum, scorti N |
harlot, prostitute; male prostitute; skin, hide |
| scripto, scriptare, scriptavi, scriptatus |
write; compose |
| scriptor, scriptoris M |
writer, author; scribe |
| scripulum, scripuli N |
weight unit; 1/288 of a unit |
| scrutor, scrutari, scrutatus sum |
search/probe/examine carefully/thoroughly; explore/scan/scrutinize/investigate |
| sculpo, sculpere, sculpsi, sculptus |
carve, engrave; fashion/work into form by carving/engraving |
| scutarius, scutaria, scutarium |
of/on/belonging to shield |
| secedo, secedere, secessi, secessus |
withdraw; rebel; secede |
| secerno, secernere, secrevi, secretus |
separate |
| seco, secare, secui, sectus |
cut, sever; decide; divide in two/halve/split; slice/chop/cut up/carve; detach |
| secretarius, secretarii M |
secretary |
| sector, sectari, sectatus sum |
follow continually; pursue; pursue with punishment; hunt out; run after |
| secundarius, secundaria, secundarium |
second-rate; of the second rank |
| secundus, secunda -um, secundior -or -us, secundissimus -a -um |
next, following; second; substituted; secondary/inferior; subordinate |
| securis, securis F |
ax, hatchet, chopper; blow; vine-dresser's blade |
| secus |
otherwise; differently, in another way; contrary to what is right/expected |
| sedes, sedis F |
seat; home, residence; settlement, habitation; chair |
| sedile, sedilis N |
seat, chair, bench, stool; that which may be sat on; armchair |
| seditio, seditionis F |
sedition, riot, strife,rebellion |
| seges, segetis F |
grain field; crop |
| segestre, segestris N |
bad-weather-covering |
| semen, seminis N |
seed |
| semianimis, semianimis, semianime |
half-alive |
| senatorius, senatoria, senatorium |
of a senator,senatorial |
| senectus, senecta, senectum |
very old, aged |
| senectus, senectutis F |
old age; extreme age; senility; old men; gray hairs; shed snake skin |
| senesco, senescere, senui, - |
grow old; grow weak, be in a decline; become exhausted |
| senio, senionis M |
six on a die |
| senium, seni(i) N |
condition of old age; melancholy, gloom |
| sensim |
slowly, gradually, cautiously |
| sensus, sensus M |
feeling, sense |
| senus, sena, senum |
six each |
| separatim |
apart, separately |
| sepono, seponere, seposui, sepositus |
put away from one; disregard; isolate; reserve |
| septemdecim |
|
| septentrio, septentrionis M |
Big/Little Dipper; north, north regions/wind; brooch w/7 stones |
| septuaginta, septuagesimus -a -um, septuageni -ae -a, septuagie(n)s |
70th-; 70th |
| sequax, sequacis (gen.), sequacior -or -us, sequacissimus -a -um |
that follows closely/eagerly; addicted; pliant/tractable, responsive to control |
| sereno, serenare, serenavi, serenatus |
clear up, brighten; lighten |
| series, seriei F |
row, series, secession, chain, train, sequence, order |
| serius, seria, serium |
serious, grave |
| servitium, serviti(i) N |
slavery, servitude; slaves; the slave class |
| servitus, servitutis F |
slavery; slaves; servitude |
| sesquimodius, sesquimodii M |
modius and a half |
| severitas, severitatis F |
strictness, severity |
| sex |
6 |
| sibilo, sibilare, sibilavi, sibilatus |
hiss; hiss at |
| sicco, siccare, siccavi, siccatus |
dry, drain; exhaust |
| sicuti |
as, just as; like; in same way; as if; as it certainly is; as it were |
| simia, simiae |
monkey; ape |
| simpliciter, simplicius, simplicissime |
simply/just; w/out complexity; candidly/openly/frankly; innocently; as one item |
| simulatio, simulationis F |
pretense, deceit |
| simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus |
imitate, copy; pretend; look like; simulate; counterfeit; feint |
| simultas, simultatis F |
enmity, rivalry; hatred |
| sincerus, sincera -um, sincerior -or -us, sincerissimus -a -um |
clean, pure, uninjured, whole; sound, genuine, truthful, candid, sincere |
| singillatim |
one by one, singly, separately |
| sinister, sinistra -um, sinistrior -or -us, sinistimus -a -um |
left, improper,adverse; inauspicious |
| sinus, sinus M |
curved or bent surface; bending, curve, fold; bosom, lap; bay |
| sitio, sitire, sitivi, - |
be thirsty |
| socer, soceri M |
father in law |
| socio, sociare, sociavi, sociatus |
unite, join, ally; share in |
| socrus, socrus |
father-in-law; spouse's grandfather/great grandfather |
| solitarius, solitaria, solitarium |
solitary, living/acting on one's own; single; without companion; sole |
| solium, soli(i) N |
throne, seat |
| sollers, sollertis (gen.), sollertior -or -us, sollertissimus -a -um |
clever, dexterous, adroit, expert, skilled, ingenious, accomplished |
| sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatus |
disturb, worry; stir up, arouse, agitate, incite |
| solutus, soluta -um, solutior -or -us, solutissimus -a -um |
unbound, released; free, at large; unrestrained, profligate; lax, careless |
| somnium, somni(i) N |
dream, vision; fantasy, day-dream |
| sonor, sonoris M |
sound, noise, din |
| sorbeo, sorbere, sorbui, sorbitus |
drink, absorb |
| sospes, (gen.), sospitis |
safe and sound; auspicious |
| spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus |
scatter, strew, sprinkle; spot |
| spatior, spatiari, spatiatus sum |
walk; take a walk, promenade; spread |
| spectator, spectatoris M |
spectator |
| speculator, speculatoris M |
spy, scout |
| specus, specus |
cave, abyss, chasm; hole, pit; hollow; grotto |
| spiculum, spiculi N |
sting; javelin; arrow; sharp point of a weapon |
| spina, spinae F |
thorn/spine/prickle; spike; thorn-bush; blackthorn |
| spolium, spoli(i) N |
spoils, booty; skin, hide |
| spondeo, spondere, spopondi, sponsus |
promise, give pledge/undertaking/surety; contract to give/take in marriage |
| spons, spontis F |
free will |
| sponsalius, sponsalioris N |
betrothal; betrothal/engagement party/banquet |
| sponsio, sponsionis F |
solemn promise; wager at law |
| squama, squamae F |
scale; metal-plate used in the making of scale-armor |
| squilla, squillae F |
shrimp; prawn; crayfish; term covering number of crustaceans |
| st |
hush! hist! |
| stabilis, stabilis, stabile |
stable; steadfast |
| stabulum, stabuli N |
stall/stable/enclosure/fold; lair/den; herd; garage |
| stagno, stagnare, stagnavi, stagnatus |
form/lie in pools; be under water |
| statio, stationis F |
outpost, picket; station; watch |
| stella, stellae F |
star; planet, heavenly body; point of light in jewel; constellation; star shape |
| stercilinum, stercilini N |
dung heap/hill/pit, manure pile; midden |
| stercoro, stercorare, stercoravi, stercoratus |
void excrement, defecate |
| stercus, stercoris M |
filth, manure |
| sterilis, sterilis, sterile |
barren, sterile; fruitless; unprofitable, futile |
| sterilitas, sterilitatis F |
barrenness, sterility, inability to reproduce/ to produce crops |
| sterno, sternere, stravi, stratus |
spread, strew, scatter; lay out |
| stilus, stili M |
stylus, pencil, iron pen; column, pillar |
| stimulo, stimulare, stimulavi, stimulatus |
urge forward with a goad, torment,"sting"; incite, rouse to frenzy |
| stomachus, stomachi M |
gullet; stomach; annoyance; ill-temper |
| stramentum, stramenti N |
thatch; litter/trash |
| strena, strenae F |
favorable omen; a new year's gift |
| strigilis, strigilis F |
strigil, an instrument used to scrape the skin after the bath |
| stringo, stringere, strinxi, strictus |
draw tight; draw; graze; strip off |
| strues, struis F |
heap, pile; row of sacrificial cakes |
| struo, struere, struxi, structus |
build, construct |
| studeo, studere, studui, - |
desire, be eager for; busy oneself with; strive |
| studiosus, studiosa -um, studiosior -or -us, studiosissimus -a -um |
eager, keen, full of zeal; studious; devoted to, fond of |
| stultitia, stultitiae F |
folly, stupidity |
| stupidus, stupida, stupidum |
senseless, stunned; stupid, dull |
| stylobates, stylobatae M |
stylobate, continuous base supporting a row/circle of columns |
| suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasus |
urge, recommend; suggest; induce; propose, persuade, advise |
| subigo, subigere, subegi, subactus |
conquer, subjugate; compel |
| subinde |
immediately after, thereupon; constantly, repeatedly |
| subjaceo, subjacere, subjacui, subjacitus |
lie underneath/below/at the foot/edge of/exposed; come under heading of |
| sublabor, sublabi, sublapsus sum |
collapse, fall to the ground; sink, ebb away; creep up, advance stealthily |
| sublevo, sublevare, sublevavi, sublevatus |
lift up, raise; support; assist; lighten |
| submoneo, submonere, -, - |
remind secretly |
| subo, subare, subavi, subatus |
be in heat |
| suboles, subolis F |
shoot, sucker; race; offspring; progeny |
| suborno, subornare, subornavi, subornatus |
equip, adorn |
| subrepo, subrepere, subrepsi, subreptus |
creep; move stealthily; ooze/seep; insinuate self |
| subscribo, subscribere, subscripsi, subscriptus |
write below, subscribe |
| subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus sum |
follow close after; pursue; support |
| subsicivus, subsiciva, subsicivum |
left over; extra, superfluous, spare |
| subsidium, subsidi(i) N |
help, relief; reinforcement |
| subsisto, subsistere, substiti, - |
halt, stand; cause to stop |
| substantia, substantiae F |
nature; substance, resources, wealth |
| substringo, substringere, substrinxi, substrictus |
draw in close, gather up; draw tight |
| subsultim |
with frequent jumps/leaps into the air |
| subterfugio, subterfugere, subterfugi, - |
evade, avoid by a stratagem |
| subtraho, subtrahere, subtraxi, subtractus |
carry off; take away; subtract |
| subucula, subuculae F |
under-tunic, undergarment; sacrificial cake; small jacket |
| subulcus, subulci M |
swineherd |
| subverto, subvertere, subverti, subversus |
overturn, cause to topple; overthrow, destroy, subvert |
| successor, successoris M |
successor |
| succumbo, succumbere, succubui, succubitus |
sink/fall/lie/break down; succumb/collapse; suffer/concede defeat |
| sudo, sudare, sudavi, sudatus |
sweat, perspire |
| sudor, sudoris M |
sweat; hard labor |
| sufflavus, sufflava, sufflavum |
yellowish |
| sumen, suminis N |
breeding sow |
| summatim |
summarily, briefly |
| sumptuosus, sumptuosa, sumptuosum |
expensive, costly; sumptuous |
| suo, suere, sui, sutus |
sew together/up, stitch |
| superbia, superbiae F |
arrogance, pride, haughtiness |
| superbio, superbire, superbivi, superbitus |
show/have pride/disdain; be proud/gorgeous/superb/magnificent |
| superbus, superba, superbum |
arrogant, overbearing, haughty, proud |
| supercilium, supercili(i) N |
eyebrow; frown; arrogance |
| superfluo, superfluere, superfluxi, superfluxus |
overflow, flow over brim/sides/surface; be superfluous/superabundant/surplus |
| supernato, supernatare, supernatavi, supernatatus |
swim on top; float |
| supero, superare, superavi, superatus |
overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; surpass, be above, have the upper hand |
| supersedeo, supersedere, supersedi, supersessus |
refrain, desist |
| superstes, (gen.), superstitis |
outliving, surviving; standing over/near; present, witnessing |
| superstitiosus, superstitiosa, superstitiosum |
superstitious, full of unreasoning religious awe |
| supervenio, supervenire, superveni, superventus |
come up, arrive |
| supinus, supina, supinum |
lying face upwards, flat on one's back; turned palm upwards; flat; passive |
| suppeto, suppetere, suppetivi, suppetitus |
be at hand; be equal to; be sufficient for |
| supplementum, supplementi N |
reinforcements; supplies; that which fills out |
| suppleo, supplere, supplevi, suppletus |
supply |
| suppliciter |
suppliantly, in an attitude of humble entreaty |
| suppono, supponere, supposui, suppositus |
place under; substitute; suppose |
| suptilitas, suptilitatis F |
fineness of texture/logic/detail; slenderness/exactness/acuteness; sharpness |
| surculus, surculi M |
shoot, sprout |
| suspendium, suspendi(i) N |
act of hanging oneself |
| suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum |
mistrust, suspect; suppose |
| symphonia, symphoniae F |
harmony of sounds; singers/musicians; symphony; instrument; war signal |
| syrtis, syrtis F |
sandbank, quicksand |
| tabella, tabellae F |
small board; writing tablet; picture; ballot; deed, document, letter |
| taberna, tabernae F |
tavern, inn; wood hut/cottage, shed/hovel; stall/booth; small shop |
| tabernaculum, tabernaculi N |
tent; Jewish Tabernacle |
| tabes, tabis F |
wasting away; decay; putrefaction; fluid resulting from corruption or decay |
| tabulatus, tabulata, tabulatum |
floored, boarded |
| taciturnitas, taciturnitatis F |
maintaining silence |
| taedium, taedi(i) N |
weariness/tedium/boredom/ennui; disgust/aversion/repugnance/loathing; nuisance |
| talus, tali M |
ankle; ankle/pastern bone; sheep knucklebone; dice game |
| tamdiu |
so long, for so long a time; so very long; all this time |
| tametsi |
even if, although, though |
| tegimentum, tegimenti N |
covering/cover/protection; clothing; body armor; skin/shell/husk |
| tellus, telluris F |
earth, ground; the earth; land, country |
| telum, teli N |
dart, spear; weapon, javelin; bullet |
| temeritas, temeritatis F |
rashness; temerity |
| temperies, temperiei F |
proper mixture, temper |
| tener, tenera -um, tenerior -or -us, tenerrimus -a -um |
tender; soft/delicate/gentle; young/immature; weak/fragile/frail |
| tentorium, tentori(i) N |
tent |
| tenuis, tenue, tenuior -or -us, tenuissimus -a -um |
thin, fine; delicate; slight, slender; little, unimportant; weak, feeble |
| tenus |
as far as, to the extent of, up to, down to |
| tepefacio, tepefacere, tepefeci, tepefactus |
make warm, warm up |
| tepor, teporis M |
warmth, mild heat |
| tergum, tergi N |
back, rear; reverse/far side; outer covering/surface |
| tergus, tergoris N |
back; skin, hide, leather |
| terminalis, terminalis, terminale |
terminal; marking a boundary; of a boundary; final, making a conclusion |
| terminus, termini M |
boundary, limit, end; terminus |
| terreo, terrere, terrui, territus |
frighten, scare, terrify, deter |
| terreus, terrea, terreum |
one born of the earth |
| tessera, tesserae F |
die; square tablet marked with watchword, countersign; token, ticket |
| testa, testae F |
object made from burnt clay; earthenware jar; fragment of earthenware, shard |
| testificor, testificari, testificatus sum |
assert solemnly, testify; demonstrate; invoke as a witness |
| testis, testis |
witness |
| testis, testis |
testicle |
| thallus, thalli M |
young/green branch/bough/stalk; laurel or olive or myrtle branch |
| theatralis, theatralis, theatrale |
theatrical, of the stage |
| thesaurus, thesauri M |
treasure chamber/vault/repository; treasure; hoard; collected precious objects |
| thorax, thoracos/is M |
breastplate, upper body armor/protection, cuirass; vest/waistcoat; chest/trunk |
| thronus, throni M |
Lamentations; dirge, song of mourning; elegy |
| thyrsus, thyrsi M |
Bacchic wand tipped with a fir-cone/tuft of ivy/vine leaves; plant's main stem |
| tibiale, tibialis N |
stocking |
| tigris, tigris M |
tiger |
| tirocinium, tirocini(i) N |
military inexperience; recruits, raw forces; first campaign; youth, pupilage |
| togatarius, togatari(i) M |
actor in fabulae togatae |
| tolerabilis, tolerabile, tolerabilior -or -us, tolerabilissimus -a -um |
bearable, tolerable, patient; able to be withstood; passable; tolerant, hardy |
| tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus |
bear, endure, tolerate |
| tondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsus |
cut, shear, clip |
| tono, tonare, tonui, tonitus |
thunder; speak thunderous tones/thunderously; make/resound like thunder |
| tonsor, tonsoris M |
barber |
| torpeo, torpere, -, - |
be numb or lethargic; be struck motionless from fear |
| torquatus, torquata, torquatum |
wearing a collar or necklace |
| tot |
as/so often, so many times, such a great number of times; that number of times |
| tr., abb. |
tribune; abb. tr. |
| traditio, traditionis F |
giving up, delivering up, surrender; record, account; tradition |
| tragoedia, tragoediae F |
tragedy |
| tragoedus, tragoedi M |
tragic actor |
| traicio, traicere, trajeci, trajectus |
transfer; transport; pierce, transfix |
| tralaticius, tralaticia, tralaticium |
traditional, handed down; customary; ordinary/common/usual; transferred |
| trames, tramitis M |
footpath, track; bed; course; branch; narrow strip |
| trano, tranare, tranavi, tranatus |
swim across |
| tranquillitas, tranquillitatis F |
stillness; tranquility |
| tranquillus, tranquilla, tranquillum |
quiet, calm |
| trans |
across, over; beyond; on the other side |
| transcendo, transcendere, transcendi, transcensus |
climb/step/go across/over; board; transgress; exceed; pass on, make transition |
| transfiguro, transfigurare, transfiguravi, transfiguratus |
transform, change form/appearance |
| transilio, transilire, transilui, - |
jump across, leap over |
| transjicio, transjicere, transjeci, transjectus |
transfer; transport; pierce, transfix |
| transno, transnare, transnavi, transnatus |
swim across, sail across; swim to the other side |
| transporto, transportare, transportavi, transportatus |
carry across, transport |
| transveho, transvehere, transvexi, transvectus |
transport, lead across; elapse; carry |
| transversus, transversa, transversum |
lying across/from side to side; flanking/oblique; moving across/at right angle |
| travectio, travectionis F |
crossing |
| trecenti -ae -a, trecentesimus -a -um, treceni -ae -a, trecentie(n)s |
300 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 300s |
| trecenti -ae -a, trecentesimus -a -um, treceni -ae -a, trecentie(n)s |
|
| tredecim, -, -, terdecie(n)s |
|
| tremor, tremoris M |
trembling, shuddering; quivering, quaking |
| trepido, trepidare, trepidavi, trepidatus |
tremble, be afraid, waver |
| trepidus, trepida, trepidum |
nervous, jumpy, agitated; perilous, alarming, frightened; boiling, foaming |
| tribulis, tribulis M |
fellow tribesman |
| tribunatus, tribunatus M |
tribuneship, office of tribune |
| tribunicius, tribunicia, tribunicium |
of/belonging to tribune |
| tribunus, tribuni M |
tribune |
| tribus, tribus F |
third part of the people; tribe, hereditary division |
| tributarius, tributaria, tributarium |
relating to tribute |
| tricensim |
30th-; 30th |
| triclinarium, triclinarii N |
dining room; table covering |
| triclinium, triclini(i) N |
dining couch; dining room |
| triduum, tridui N |
three days |
| triens, trientis M |
third part, third; third part of an as |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
30 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 30s |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
30 times, on 30 occasions- |
| triginta, tricesimus -a -um, triceni -ae -a, tricie(n)s |
|
| trimenstris, trimenstris, trimenstre |
three months old; lasting/acting for 3 months; ripening in 3 months |
| trinus, trina, trinum |
triple |
| triplex, (gen.), triplicis |
threefold, triple; three |
| tristis, tristis, triste |
sad, sorrowful; gloomy |
| tristitia, tristitiae F |
sadness |
| triticum, tritici N |
wheat |
| triumfator, triumfatoris M |
one who triumphs |
| triumpho, triumphare, triumphavi, triumphatus |
triumph over; celebrate a triumph; conquer completely, triumph |
| triumvir, triumviri M |
triumvir, commissioner; triumviri, a three-man board |
| triumviratus, triumviratus M |
triumvirate |
| truncus, trunci M |
trunk |
| tuba, tubae F |
trumpet; hydraulic ram pipe |
| tunica, tunicae F |
undergarment, shirt,tunic |
| tunicatus, tunicata, tunicatum |
clothed in a tunic |
| turba, turbae F |
commotion, uproar, turmoil, tumult, disturbance; crowd, mob, multitude |
| turbidus, turbida, turbidum |
wild/stormy; muddy/turbid; murky/foggy/clouded/opaque; gloomy, frowning |
| turbo, turbinis M |
that which whirls; whirlwind, tornado; spinning top; spiral, round, circle |
| turbulentus, turbulenta -um, turbulentior -or -us, turbulentissimus -a -um |
violently disturbed, stormy, turbulent; unruly, riotous; w/violent unrest |
| turpis, turpe, turpior -or -us, turpissimus -a -um |
ugly; nasty; disgraceful; indecent; base, shameful, disgusting, repulsive |
| turpitudo, turpitudinis F |
ugliness/deformity; shame/indecency; nakedness/genitals; disgrace; turpitude |
| tutor, tutoris M |
protector, defender; guardian, watcher; tutor |
| tutor, tutari, tutatus sum |
guard, protect, defend; guard against, avert |
| tyrannicus, tyrannica, tyrannicum |
tyrannical |
| uber, uberis (gen.), uberior -or -us, uberrimus -a -um |
fertile, rich, abundant, abounding, fruitful, plentiful, copious, productive |
| ubertas, ubertatis F |
fruitfulness, fertility; abundance, plenty |
| ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum |
avenge; punish |
| uliginosus, uliginosa, uliginosum |
marshy; full of moisture |
| ulmus, ulmi F |
elm tree |
| ulterior, ulterior, ulterius |
farther, later, higher, greater |
| ultimus, ultima, ultimum |
farthest, latest, greatest, highest |
| umbra, umbrae F |
shade; ghost; shadow |
| umidus, umida, umidum |
damp, moist, dank, wet, humid |
| undecim, undecimus -a -um, undeni -ae -a, undecie(n)s |
|
| undecim, undecimus -a -um, undeni -ae -a, undecie(n)s |
11th-; 11th |
| undo, undare, undavi, undatus |
surge/flood/rise in waves; gush/well up; run, stream; billow; undulate; waver |
| ungueo, unguere, -, - |
anoint/rub; smear with oil/grease; dress; add oil |
| unicornis, unicornis M |
unicorn, one-horned horse-like creature |
| unicus, unica, unicum |
only, sole, single, singular, unique; uncommon, unparalleled; one of a kind |
| unio, unire, univi, unitus |
unite, combine into one |
| universitas, universitatis F |
universe, sum of all things; whole; over-all aspect; corporate body, community |
| unquam |
at any time, ever; at some time |
| urgeo, urgere, ursi, - |
press/squeeze/bear hard/down; tread/traverse continually; push/shove/thrust |
| urgueo, urguere, ursi, - |
press/squeeze/bear hard/down; tread/traverse continually; push/shove/thrust |
| urina, urinae F |
urine |
| ursa, ursae F |
she-bear; Great Bear |
| usitatus, usitata -um, usitatior -or -us, usitatissimus -a -um |
usual, customary, ordinary, common, familiar, everyday; commonly used/practiced |
| usurpo, usurpare, usurpavi, usurpatus |
seize upon, usurp; use |
| utcumque |
whatever, as far as; in whatever manner/degree. no matter how/to what extent |
| uter, utris |
skin; wine/water skin; bag/bottle made of skin/hide |
| uterum, uteri N |
womb; belly, abdomen |
| utilis, utilis, utile |
useful, profitable, practical, helpful, advantageous |
| utilitas, utilitatis F |
usefulness, advantage |
| utpote |
as, in as much as; namely; inasmuch as |
| utrobique |
in both places; on both parts/sides/cases/instances; on one side and the other |
| utrubique |
in both places; on both parts/sides/cases/instances; on one side and the other |
| vacatio, vacationis F |
freedom, exemption; privilege |
| vacerrosus, vacerrosa, vacerrosum |
crack brained, demented, mad, crazy |
| vadum, vadi N |
shallow place, stream; ford, shoal; channel |
| vagina, vaginae F |
sheath, scabbard |
| vagitus, vagitus M |
crying |
| vagor, vagari, vagatus sum |
wander, roam |
| vah |
Ha!/oh!/ah! |
| valde, valdius, valdissime |
greatly/very/intensely; vigorously/strongly/powerfully/energetically; loudly |
| valetudo, valetudinis F |
good health, soundness; condition of body/health; illness, indisposition |
| vallis, vallis F |
valley, vale, hollow |
| vallo, vallare, vallavi, vallatus |
surround/fortify/furnish with a palisaded rampart |
| vapidus, vapida, vapidum |
flat, vapid; that has lost its freshness |
| varus, vara, varum |
bent-outwards; bandy; bow-legged; contrasting |
| vastatio, vastationis F |
laying waste, ravaging |
| vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus |
lay waste, ravage, devastate |
| vectigal, vectigalis N |
tax, tribute, revenue |
| vecto, vectare, vectavi, vectatus |
transport, carry; ride, be conveyed, travel |
| vector, vectoris M |
passenger; one that carries or transports |
| vehemens, vehementis (gen.), vehementior -or -us, vehementissimus -a -um |
violent, severe, vehement; emphatic, vigorous, lively |
| veho, vehere, vexi, vectus |
bear, carry, convey; pass, ride, sail |
| velamen, velaminis N |
veil; for nun/Muslim); covering |
| vellus, velleris N |
fleece |
| velo, velare, velavi, velatus |
veil, cover, cover up; enfold, wrap, envelop; hide, conceal; clothe in |
| velum, veli N |
sail, covering; curtain |
| venalicius, venalicia, venalicium |
for sale |
| venatio, venationis F |
hunting; the chase |
| venator, venatoris M |
hunter |
| venatorius, venatoria, venatorium |
hunter's; of a hunter |
| vendito, venditare, venditavi, venditatus |
offer for sale; cry up; pay court |
| veneficium, venefici(i) N |
magic/sorcery; poisoning; crime of poisoning; mixing of poison; poisoned drink |
| venia, veniae F |
favor, kindness; pardon; permission; indulgence |
| venter, ventris M |
stomach, womb; belly |
| ventilo, ventilare, ventilavi, ventilatus |
expose to a draught; fan; brandish |
| venundo, venundare, venundedi, venundatus |
sell; offer for sale |
| verbero, verberare, verberavi, verberatus |
beat, strike, lash |
| verecundia, verecundiae F |
shame; respect; modesty |
| vergo, vergere, -, - |
incline, lie, slope |
| veritas, veritatis F |
truth, fact, accuracy; honesty, truthfulness, frankness; sincerity, uprightness |
| versicolor, (gen.), versicoloris |
having colors that change |
| versipellis, versipellis M |
shape-changer, who can metamorphose to different shape; double-dealer |
| verso, versare, versavi, versatus |
keep turning/going round, spin, whirl; turn over and over; stir; maneuver |
| vertex, verticis M |
whirlpool, eddy, vortex; crown of the head; peak, top, summit; the pole |
| vesanus, vesana, vesanum |
mad, frenzied; wild |
| vesica, vesicae F |
bladder; balloon |
| vespera, vesperae F |
evening, even-tide |
| vespertinus, vespertina, vespertinum |
evening |
| vester, vestra, vestrum |
your, of/belonging to/associated with you |
| vestibulum, vestibuli N |
entrance, court |
| vestigium, vestigi(i) N |
step, track; trace; footstep |
| vetust, vetustis (gen.), vetustior -or -us, vetustissimus -a -um |
old, aged, ancient; former; veteran, experienced; long standing, chronic |
| vetustus, vetusta, vetustum |
ancient, old established; long-established |
| vexatio, vexationis F |
shaking, jolting; shock; disturbance, upheaval |
| vexillum, vexilli N |
flag, banner |
| vicanus, vicani M |
villagers |
| vicarius, vicaria, vicarium |
substitute; substituted; vicarious; supplying the place of someone/something |
| vicatim |
by districts, street by street; in or by villages |
| vicesimus, -a, -um |
20th-; 20th |
| vicinia, viciniae F |
neighborhood, nearness |
| vicissitudo, vicissitudinis F |
change, vicissitude |
| victrix, (gen.), victricis |
conquering |
| victuma, victumae F |
victim; animal for sacrifice |
| videlicet |
one may see; clearly, evidently |
| viduus, vidua, viduum |
widowed, deprived of; bereft; unmarried |
| vigilia, vigiliae F |
watch, vigil, wakefulness |
| viginti, vicesimus -a -um, viceni -ae -a, vicie(n)s |
20 times, on 20 occasions- |
| viginti, vicesimus -a -um, viceni -ae -a, vicie(n)s |
20 each/apiece/times/fold/together/at a time-'how many each'; by 20s |
| vigintivir, vigintiviri M |
member of commission of twenty/ |
| vigor, vigoris M |
vigor, liveliness |
| vilis, vilis, vile |
cheap, common, mean, worthless |
| villus, villi M |
shaggy hair, tuft of hair |
| vinarius, vinari(i) M |
vintner, wine merchant |
| vindemia, vindemiae F |
grape-gathering; produce of a vineyard in any given year |
| vindemiator, vindemiatoris M |
grape-picker |
| violarium, violari(i) N |
bed of violets |
| violentus, violenta, violentum |
violent, vehement, impetuous, boisterous |
| virginalis, virginalis, virginale |
maidenly; of/appropriate for girls of marriageable age; virginal |
| virgultum, virgulti N |
brushwood |
| viridis, viridis, viride |
fresh, green; blooming,youthful |
| viscus, visceris N |
soft fleshy body parts, internal organs; entrails, flesh; offspring |
| visibilis, visibilis, visibile |
visible, capable of being seen; capable of seeing |
| viso, visere, visi, visus |
visit, go to see; look at |
| visus, visus M |
look, sight, appearance; vision |
| vitalis, vitalis, vitale |
vital; of life; living/alive, able to survive; lively; life-giving |
| vitiosus, vitiosa, vitiosum |
full of vice, vicious |
| vitis, vitis F |
vine; grape vine |
| vitricus, vitrici M |
stepfather |
| vixdum |
scarcely yet, only just |
| vociferor, vociferari, vociferatus sum |
utter a loud cry, shout, yell, cry out, announce loudly |
| vocito, vocitare, vocitavi, vocitatus |
call |
| volo, volare, volavi, volatus |
fly |
| volubilis, volubilis, volubile |
winding, twisting |
| volubilitas, volubilitatis F |
rapid turning, whirling; circular motion; fickleness; fluency |
| vomica, vomicae F |
abscess, boil, gathering of pus; gathering of fluid found in minerals |
| vos |
you (pl) |
| votivus, votiva, votivum |
offered in fulfillment of a vow |
| vulcanus, vulcani M |
volcano |
| vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus |
wound/injure/harm, pain/distress; inflict wound on; damage |
| vulpes, vulpis F |
fox |
| vultur, vulturis M |
vulture |
| xysticus, xystici M |
athlete |
| xystus, xysti M |
shaded/colonnaded walk; covered way used for winter athletic exercise |
| zmyrna, zmyrnae F |
myrrh; Smyrna |