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... et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum uiginti,...
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captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum uiginti, minores |
| capio, capere, cepi, captustake hold, seize; grasp; take bribe; arrest/capture; put on; occupy; captivatefassen, zu beschlagnahmen, zu erfassen, nehmen Sie bestechen; Verhaftung / capture; anziehen; zu besetzen, fesselnla prise de prise, saisissent ; prise ; paiement illicite de prise ; arrestation/capture ; mettre dessus ; occuper ; captiver afferrare, cogliere, afferrare, prendere tangenti, arresti / capture; mettere via; occupare; Captivateel asimiento de la toma, agarra; asimiento; soborno de la toma; detención/captura; poner; ocupar; cautivar |
| captus, capta, captumcaptured, captivegefangen, gefangencapturé, captif catturato, in cattivitàcapturado, cautivo |
| captus, captus Mcapacity/ability/potentiality; comprehension; action/result of taking/graspingKapazität / Fähigkeit / Potenz; Verständnis; Aktion / Ergebnis der unter / Greifencapacité / capacité / puissance, la compréhension, l'action / résulte de la prise / saisircapacità / possibilità / potenzialità, comprensione, azione / risultato di prendere / afferrarecapacidad / capacidad / potencialidad, comprensión, acción / resultado de tomar / agarrar |
| captus | etand, and even; also, evenund, auch, und auch, sogaret, et même, aussi, mêmee, anche, inoltre, anchey, e incluso, también, incluso |
| captus et | apparo, apparare, apparavi, apparatusprepare, fit out, make ready, equip, provide; attempt; organizevorzubereiten, auszurüsten, zu bereiten, ausrüsten, liefern; Versuch zu organisieren;préparer, adapté dehors, rendre prêt, équiper, fournir ; tentative ; organiser preparare, allestire, approntare, equipaggiare, fornire; tentativo, organizzareprepararse, cabido hacia fuera, hacer listo, equipar, proporcionar; tentativa; organizar |
| captus et | apparatus, apparata -um, apparatior -or -us, apparatissimus -a -umprepared, equipped, ready; splendid, elaborate, well-appointed; laboredvorbereitet, ausgerüstet, bereit; herrliche, aufwendige, gut ausgestattete, arbeitetenpréparé, équipé, prêt ; splendide, raffiné, well-appointed ; travaillé preparati, attrezzati, pronto, splendida, elaborati, ben arredate; affannosopreparado, equipado, listo; espléndido, elaborado, well-appointed; trabajado |
| captus et | apparatus, apparatus Mpreparation; instruments, equipment, supplies, stock; splendor, pomp, trappingsZubereitung, Instrumente, Zubehör, Vorräte, hat; Pracht, Prunk, Zaumzeugpréparation ; instruments, équipement, approvisionnements, actions ; splendeur, splendeur, piégeages strumenti di preparazione;, attrezzature, forniture, di magazzino; splendore, pompa, bardaturepreparación; instrumentos, equipo, fuentes, acción; esplendor, pompa, atavíos |
| captus et apparatus | ingens, ingentis (gen.), ingentior -or -us, ingentissimus -a -umnot natural, immoderate; huge, vast, enormous; mighty; remarkable, momentousnicht natürlich, maßlos; riesigen, riesigen, riesigen, gewaltigen, bemerkenswert, folgenschwerenpas naturel, immodérée, immense, immense, énorme, puissante, remarquable, mémorablenon naturale, smodato, enorme, enorme, enorme, potente, notevole, di grande importanzaNo inmoderada naturales,; enorme, inmensa, enorme, poderoso; notable y trascendental |
| captus et apparatus ingens | bellum, belli Nwar, warfare; battle, combat, fight; war; military force, armsKrieg, Krieg, Kampf, Kampf, Kampf, Krieg, Militär-, Waffen -la guerre, la guerre; bataille, combat, combat, guerre, la force militaire, les armesguerra, guerra; battaglia, combattimento, lotta, guerra, la forza militare, le armiguerra, guerra; batalla, combate, lucha, guerra, la fuerza militar, las armas |
| captus et apparatus ingens | bellis, bellis FflowerBlumefleurfioreflor |
| captus et apparatus ingens | bellus, bella -um, bellior -or -us, bellissimus -a -umpretty, handsome, charming, pleasant, agreeable, polite; nice, fine, excellenthübsch, hübsch, charmant, freundlich, angenehm, höflich, nett, schön, guteassez, beau, charme, plaisant, agréable, poli ; gentil, fin, excellent bello, bello, attraente, gradevole, piacevole, educato, bello, fine, eccellentebastante, hermoso, el encantar, agradable, conforme, cortés; agradable, fino, excelente |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; | catapulta, catapultae Fcatapult, an engine which shot large arrow/bolt/missile; missile itselfKatapult, einen Motor, der große Pfeil / Bolzen / Flugkörper, Raketen selbstcatapulte, un moteur qui flèche gros / boulon / missiles; missile lui-mêmecatapulta, un motore che freccia scagliata grande / bullone / missile; missile stessocatapulta, un motor que disparó flecha grande / perno / misiles, misiles sí |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae | magnus, magna -um, major -or -us, maximus -a -umlarge/great/big/vast/huge; much; powerful; tall/long/broad; extensive/spaciousgroß / große / big / große / groß; viel, mächtig, hoch / lang / breit, extensiver geräumigengrand/grand/grand/vaste/énorme ; beaucoup ; puissant ; grand/longtemps/large ; étendu/spacieux grande / grande / grande / grandi / enormi, molto, potente, alto / lungo / largo, esteso / spaziosegrande/grande/grande/extenso/enorme; mucho; de gran alcance; alto/de largo/amplio; extenso/espacioso |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae | maximus, maxima, maximumgreatest/biggest/largest; longest; oldest; highest, utmost; leading, chiefgrößten / größten / größten, längsten, ältesten, während die höchsten, alles, das führende, Chiefle plus grand/le plus grand/le plus grand ; le plus longtemps ; le plus vieux ; le plus haut, plus grand ; conduite, chef più grande / più grande / più grande, più lunga, più antica, più alto, la massima; leader, il capoel más grande/el más grande/el más grande; lo más de largo posible; el más viejo; lo más arriba posible, extremo; el llevar, jefe |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae | forma, formae Fform, figure, appearance; beauty; mold, patternForm, Gestalt, Aussehen, Schönheit, Form, Musterforme, figure, aspect ; beauté ; moule, modèle forma, figura, apparenza, bellezza, forma, strutturaforma, figura, aspecto; belleza; molde, patrón |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae | centum100100100100100 |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum | viginti20202020 |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum uiginti, | parvus, parva -um, minor -or -us, minimus -a -umsmall, little, cheap; unimportant; smallest, leastkleine, kleine, billige, unwichtig, kleinsten, am wenigstenpetit, peu, bon marché ; sans importance ; le plus petit, mineurs piccolo, piccolo, poco costoso, poco importante, più piccolo, menopequeño, poco, barato; poco importante; el más pequeño, lo menos |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum uiginti, | minoro, minorare, minoravi, minoratusreduce, make lesszu verringern, machen wenigerréduire, de rendre moinsridurre, rendere menoreducir, hacer menos |
| captus et apparatus ingens belli; catapultae maximae formae centum uiginti, | minor, minoris Mthose inferior in rank/grade/age, subordinate; descendantsdie unteren Rang / Klasse / Alter untergeordnet; Nachkommenceux de rang inférieur / grade / âge, subordonnés; descendantsquelli di rango inferiore / grado / età, subordinate; discendentilos inferiores en rango / grado / edad, subordinado, descendientes |
| ▲ ▼ | In ancient Greek and Roman siege artillery, the distinction between a catapulta and a ballista often comes down to the specific era being discussed, as the terminology famously inverted between the Classical Greek/Hellenistic period and Late Antiquity/Livy's time.However, during the Middle to Late Roman Republic (the period covering Livy's account of Scipio at New Carthage):1. Mechanical Distinction in Republican Rome (Livy's Era)Both machines were torsion engines—powered by tightly twisted skeins of animal sinew or human hair—but they were optimized for different trajectories and projectiles:Catapulta (Bolt-Thrower / Arrow-Shooter):Projectile: Heavy wooden arrows, bolts (doliola), or javelins.Trajectory: Direct, flat, pin-point line-of-fire.Primary Role: Anti-personnel weapon used to pick off defenders on city walls or clear ramparts before an assault.Ballista (Stone-Thrower):Projectile: Spherical stones (lapides) or incendiary balls, ranging from 5–10 lbs up to 100+ lbs.Trajectory: High, arched lobbing trajectory.Primary Role: Structural destruction (smashing crenellations, wooden hoardings, and siege towers) or indirect bombardment over city walls.2. Context in Livy 26.47This functional difference explains why Livy enumerates the captured arsenals of New Carthage separately:120 catapultae maximae formae + 281 minores: A vast collection of heavy and light bolt-launchers, designed for defense of the city perimeter.23 ballistae maiores + 52 minores: A smaller inventory of heavy stone-throwers, capable of damaging approaching siege engines or ships.3. The Historical Terminology SwapTo add to the confusion, the terms swapped roles over time:PeriodBolt / Arrow EngineStone / Ball EngineClassical GreekKatapeltesLithobolos / PetrobolosRoman Republic (Livy)CatapultaBallistaLate Roman Empire (Vegetius, Ammianus)BallistaOnager (or Catapulta)By the 4th century AD, writers like Vegetius began using ballista for bolt-shooters (including portable frame-mounted versions like the carroballista) and catapulta or onager ("wild ass") for single-arm stone-throwers. In Republican Latin, however, catapult = |
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